10-1 The Body's Transport System- Circulatory
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Questions/Main Ideas: / Notes
EQ: / *What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
*What is the structure and function of the heart?
*What path does blood take through the body?
The Cardiovascular
System / *Also called the Circulatory System
*Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Function:
1. carries needed substances to cells
2. carries waste products away from cells
3. contains cells that fight disease
Delivering needed materials / *Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to body cells
*transports the glucose (sugar) that cells use to produce energy
Removing waste products / *cardiovascular system picks up waste from cells
*when cells break down glucose, carbon dioxide (a waste product) is produced
*Carbon dioxide passes from the cells into the blood
*cardiovascular system carries CO2 to the lungs to be exhaled
Fighting Disease
Red and White blood cells / *circulatory system transports cells that attack and kill disease causing microorganisms
*the attack cells are White Blood Cells
The Heart
Shows flow of blood / *a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
*about the size of your fist and located left of center of the chest
*the heart lies behind the sternum (breastbone) and inside the rib cage
*each heart beat pushes blood through the vessels and the body
Heart Structure
Heart Anatomy through video
Heart pictures
Great animation of how heart pumps blood
Actual heart valves / *2 sides: right and left
*separated by a tissue called the septum
*each side has 2 compartments or chambers:
1. An upper chamber- Atrium
2. A lower chamber- Ventricle
*Atrium- receives blood that comes into the heart
*Ventricle- pumps blood out of the heart
*Atrium and Ventricle are separated by valves
*Valve- a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward (closes like a door)
How the Heart works / *Two Phases
1. heart muscle relaxes and the blood flows into the chambers
2. the heart contracts and pumps the blood forward
*Process:
1. When the muscle relaxes the blood fills the heart
2. Then the atria contracts and squeezes blood out of the atria, through the valve, and into the ventricle
3. Next, the ventricle contracts to close the valves between the chambers and squeezes the blood into the vessels
*All this happens in LESS than a second
Force of the ventricles / *force exerted by the ventricles pushes the blood out of the heart and into the arteries
*contraction of the left ventricle exerts more force than the right ventricle
*right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs
*left ventricle pumps blood throughout the entire body
Regulation of heartbeat / *heart cells called 'pacemaker' sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract
*pacemaker is located in the right atrium and regulates the heartbeat
*the heart beats faster as the body needs more oxygen
*damage to the natural pacemaker causes irregular or slow heartbeats
*artificial pacemakers developed in 1950 and battery powered
*artificial pacemakers are implanted beneath the skin and connect wires to the heart
*electrical impulses travel from the battery through the wires and make the heart beat
Two Loops / *Three kinds of blood vessels
1- ARTERIES- vessels that carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart- (bright red blood)
2- From the arteries blood flows into the CAPILLARIES- small narrow vessels where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells
3-From the capillaries blood flows into the VEINS
*Veins carry the blood rich with Carbon Dioxide back to the heart (dark red blood)
*the Aorta is the largest artery in the body and is the one that takes blood from the heart to the body
Pattern of Blood Flow / Loop 1- blood travels from the heart to the lungs to pick up Oxygen and then back to the heart
Loop 2- blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart carrying carbon dioxide
*the flow of blood throughout the body creates a figure 8 pattern
*the entire trip takes less than a minute
Summary:
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