History
On the 27th of December 1990 there was adopted resolution No.606 of Soviet of Ministers of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist «On formation of corps of rescuers exercising one's rights as the State committee of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic». In 1995 by Decree of the President of the Russian federation the 27th of December was announced the Day of Rescuer of the Russian Federation.
1991
Spring and autumn, 1991 – the first congress of Russian corps of rescuers took place, which soon was reorganized into Association of rescue organizations of Russia.
April 17, 1991 – by resolution No.207 of Soviet of Ministers of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist постановлением the deputy chairman of Gosstroy of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Sergey Shoigu was appointed the chairman of the Russian corps of rescuers.
April 28, 1991 – Yuri Borobyov was appointed the deputy chairman of the Russian rescue corps.
May 14, 1991 – in accordance with Resolution No.253 of Soviet of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic the course «Basis of life safety» (OBG) was introduced in state institutions of general education.
July 30, 1991 – by Resolution No. 1617-1 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic the Russian corps of rescuers was reorganized into the State committee of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on emergencies. On the 5th of August 1991 Sergey Shoigu was appointed the Chairman of the Committee.
September, 1991 – salvage and rescue operations in Ufimsk oil refinery where 700-tines fragment of tube cracked and hung, effect from falling of which could be equal to an earthquake measuring 9 on the Richter scale. Works conducted for several days, only to climb to the place of crack the rescuers spent 50 minutes. Rescuers-climbers rose to the sloped tube and put 350 kg of explosive. By directed blasting the tube fragment was removed to a calculated place. The operation was recorded to the Ginnes records book. S.K. Shoigu led the salvage and rescue operation. Employees of GKChS Sergey Kudinov, Andrey Rogkov, Kirill Borodin, Sergey Lebedev and other took part in the operation.
November 19, 1991 – be Decree No.221 of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on the base of GKChS of the RSFSR and Headquarter of Civil defence of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic the State Committee of emergencies at the President of RSFSR (GKChS RSFSR) was created, Sergey Shoigu was appointed the Chairman. Simultaneously by Resolution of November 28, 1991, the Commission on emergencies of Soviet of Ministers of RSFSR was canceled.
December, 1991 – Russian center for observations and laboratory inspection of civil defence was included into the State committee of emergencies at the President of RSFSR.
December 18, 1991 – be Decree No.305 of the President «On the State committee of emergencies at the President of RSFSR» there were established the Headquarter of civil defence force of RSFSR and 9 regional center on GOChS affairs: Centralny (Moscow), Severo-Zapadny (St.Petesburg), Severo-Kavkazsky (Rostov-on-Don), Privolgsky (Samara), Uralsky (Ekaterinburg), Zapadno-Sibirsky (Novosibirsk), Vostochno-Sibirsky (Krasnoyarsk), Zabaikalsky (Chita) and Dalnevostochny (Khabarovsk).
In 1991 forces of GKChS RSFSR took part in liquidation of consequences of the flood on Volga river, in Buryatia and in Chita region, the earthquake in Krasnodar Krai.
In 1991 total 334 emergencies occurred on the territory of Russia, including 209 man-caused emergencies, and 125 natural emergencies, 2500 people suffered,, 236 people died.
The year 1991 was the year of formation and establishing of the federal executive body if the Russian Federation authorized to solve matters of protection of population and territories against natural and man-caused emergencies.
1992
In 1991-1992 GKchS took part in rendering of aid to population occurred to be in the zone of inter-ethnic conflicts. Mainly its activity was in arrangement of evacuation of affected populations to safe areas, rendering of medical and humanitarian aid to inhabitants of North Ossetia and South Ossetia , Abkhazia, Ingushetia and other.
February, 1992 – liquidation of consequences of epizooty of yak population in mountains of Republic of Tyva. Frozen beefs of died animals were taken off from hard-to-reach Sayan Mountains by forces of GKChS at the temperature of –40С0 and transported to special places. In such a way there was prevented the expansion of the disease that could damage the economy of the Republic. Sergey Shoigu led the operation. Employees of GKChS Kirill Borodin, Vitaly Yakunun, Andrei Rozhkov, Viktor Sitin and other took part in it.
March, 1992 – Resolution No.190 of the Government of the Russian Federation «On arrangement of emergencies data exchange in the Russian Federation» was adopted.
March 3, 1992 - salvage and rescue operations in the place of collision of passenger train «Riga-Moscow» with a freight train near halt Podsosenki in Twer region. 43 persons deed, 108 got hurts, Yuri Vorobyov led the salvage and rescue operations, rescuers and employees of GKChS Vladimir Melnik , Pavel Staritski and other also took part.
March, 1992 - liquidation of consequences of an earth quake on Turkey. 20 people for the Russian corps of rescuers flied out to Turkey where the strong earthquake (measuring 8-9 on the Richter scale) in the Erzindgan town occurred. Together with rescuers from other countries search and rescue works conducted 24 hours a day. They managed to rescue 12 people from the ruins, at that one girl was rescued on the 7th day, whet there was no any hope to find alive people. Andrey Rozhkov, Boris Gorokhod, Vladimir Melnik, Arsen Faradgaev and other took part in the search abd rescue operations.
March 13, 1992 – The Central aeromobile rescue party (CAMO) was created by Resolution No. 154 of the Government of the Russian Federation . Its basing site was air complex «Ramenskoye» (Zhukovsky town in Moscow region). Michail Faleev was appointed the chef of the party.
Andrey and Vladimir Legoshiny, Arsen Faradgaev, Alexander Lozhkin, Alexander Karev, Sergey Lebedev, Lev Samsonov, Sergey Korotkov, Dmitry Kondrashov, Pavel Staritsky, Vladimir Melnik and other were the first rescuers of «Centorspas». Andrey Rozhkov led the rescue service of the party.
April, 1992 – the Regulations for the Russian center of observations and laboratory inspection of civil defence of GKChS was approved.
April 18, 1992 – Resolution No.261 «On creation of Russian system of prevention of actions in emergencies» (Russian Emergency Response Service), of the Government of the Russian Federation was adopted, that approved the Regulations for Russian Emergency Response Service, and also determined functions of organs of government of the Russian Federation on prevention and liquidation of emergencies. In accordance with this Resolution on all levels of state government the territorial and field commissions of emergencies or bodies performing their functions were created, a plan of putting into readiness of GKChS of Russia to actions at accidents, catastrophes and disasters was developed, methods of operations of Russian Emergency Response Service, its subsystems and units were determined. A huge organizational and methodical work on preparation of this normative document was conducted under the leadership of Viktor Vladimirov.
April, 1992 – liquidation of consequences of a large fire on ammunition depot of 7th Army of integrated armed forces of states-participants of CIS near settlement Balaovit in Republic of Armenia. The fire created the real threat population of Abovyan town and some districts of Erevan. By request of the government of Republic of Armenia the Russian salvage and rescue expedition headed by Yuri Vorobyov, flied out to Erevan. Пожар создал реальную угрозу для населения г. Абовян и отдельных районов Еревана. Aircraft IL-76TD equipped with special airborne spray tanks was used for the fire extinguishing.
May 14, 1992 - liquidation of consequences of the fire on artillery depot of Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok. An operational group of GKChS of Russia flied out from Moscow to the place of emergency. Aircraft IL-76TD performed 6 flights and discharged 240 tones of water. A.T. Tkachyov performed the overall leadership of the operation.
June, 1992 – rendering of humanitarian aid to population of Republic of North Ossetia in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. By the order of June 12, 1992, of the government of the Russian Federation employees of GKChS of Russia rendered aid to North Ossetia in medical treatment of injured persons coming from South Ossetia, arranged reception and accommodation of refugees, delivered medicaments and provisions.
July 3, 1992 – Sergey Shoigu led the Joint control commission on regulation of inter-ethnic conflict between Georgia and South Ossetia. The result of activity of the commission and created at it peace-keeping forces was the cessation of fire and peacekeeping in South Ossetia.
July 28, 1992 – Resolution NO.528 «On improvement of activity of tourist and climber rescue services, points and centers» of the Government of the Russian Federation was adopted. Forming of the search and rescue service of GKChS of Russia started.
August, 1992 – rendering of humanitarian aid to population in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Subdivisions of GKChS of Russian under the leadership of Sergey Shoigu and Yuri Vorobyov the delivery of medicaments and provisions was performed. From the 18th to the 21st of August 15 thousand of people were evacuated from the area of conflict in Abkhazia by forces of KGchS by sea. S.I.Kudinov, A.D.Legoshin, S,M,Kudiniv, A.D.legoshin, Y.V. Inutsin, P.G.Staritsky, G.V.Chukov and other took part in the operation.
July-August, 1992 – participation in peace-support operation in Pridnestrovie (Republic of Moldova). By decision of the Government of the Russian Federation for rendering of aid to population of Pridnestrovie, GKChS of Russia formed and forwarded to Tiraspol the special expedition consisting of high skilled doctors, also a mobile hospital and cargo of humanitarian aid were forwarded to the area of conflict. In accordance with the Agreement on principals of peaceful settlement of armed conflict the United control commission headed by Yuri Vorobyov, was created. During negotiations a cease-fire agreement was achieved and the situation in the region was stabilized.
August 27, 1992 – salvage and rescue operations in the place of crush of aircraft TU-134 near Ivanovo. Air-liner TU-134 cruised on route Mineralnye Vody – Donetsk – Ivanovo. 84 persons died.
November, 1992 – liquidation of consequences of abundant snowfall and heavy rains in Caucasus mountains.
November, 1992 – liquidation of consequences of tornado on the coast of Black Sea and Sea of Azov in Kransodrsky Krai. Sochi, Tuapse, Novorossiisk, Anapa and Eisk occurred to be in the emergency.
November 25, 1992 – by Resolution No.912 of the Government of the Russian Federation there was approved, the «Regulations for the State committee of emergencies of the Russian Federation».
November, 1992 – rendering of humanitarian aid to population occurred in the area of armed conflict in Republic of North Ossetia and Ingushetia. For localization of the conflict the Acting Administration was created by the decree of the President. The headquarter of the Acting Administration coordinated work of all its services, that almost completely consisted of employees of GKChS. S.K.Shoigu, Y.L. Vorobyov, S.M.Kudinov and other were a member of it.
December 9, 1992 – by Resolution No.968 of the Government of the Russian Federation The Russian reaserch and development institute of civil defence was reorganized in Russian research and development institute on problems of civil defence and emergencies.
December 9, 1992 – In accordance with Resolution No.968 of the Government of the Russian Federation the Academy of civil defence of Emergency Control Ministry of Russia was created on the base of 37 Higher central courses of training and advanced training of management staff of Civil defence of USSR and 312Courses of Civil defence of RSFSR.
1992 – magazine «Civil Defense» was created on the basis of magazine «USSR Civil Defense».
In 1992, total 1 thousand 242 emergencies were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation including 1 thousand and 4 man-caused emergencies, 144 of natural and 94 of biology-social nature. 68 thousand people suffered, 947 people died
1993
January, 1993 – rendering of humanitarian aid population of warring republics of the former Yugoslavia. By decision of the leadership of the Russian Federation a separate automobile group of GKChS of Russia was formed for the purpose of deliver of provision and other humanitarian cargo to regions, suffered form consequences of armed conflict.
January, 1993 – leaders of governments of CIS countries signed the Agreement on interaction in the field of prevention and liquidation of consequences of natural and man-caused emergencies in Minsk.
In 1993 – for the purpose of coordination of activity of ministries and authorities of the Russian Federation on main directions of functionality of Russian Emergency Response Service at GKChS of Russia the following commission were created:
- interdepartmental anti-flood commission (resolution No. 307-r of February 25, 1993, of the Government of the Russian Federation);
- national commission of the Russian Federation on conducting of international decade of UN on decrease of dangerous of emergencies (resolution No.26 of January 15, 1993, of the Government of the Russian Federation);
- interdepartmental commission on attestation of salvage and rescue formations, rescuers and educational institutions on their training (resolution No. 507 of May 30, 1993, of the Government of the Russian Federation);
- interdepartmental commission of the Russian Federation on fire control (resolution No.643 of July 12, 1993, of the Government of the Russian Federation).
March 1, 1993 - resolution No.178 «On creation of local systems of warning systems in areas of location of potentially dangerous objects» of theGovernment of the Russian Federation was adopted.
April, 1993 – rendering of humanitarian aid to the population of Russian-speaking communities of Dukhobors in Republic of Georgia. By instruction of the Government of the Russian Federation GKChS carried out the operation on delivery of humanitarian aid to one thousand and half Russian-speaking population of Dgavakhetia living in several settlements on the level of 2500 m above sea level. Inhabitants of these settlements are united by religious of Dukhobors. Automobile column of GKChS consisting of 50 cars headed by V.I. Bashkircev delivered 100 tones of diesel fuel, 60 tones of petrol, 6 tones of wear and foot-wear to the community of Dukhobors. 168 people took part in this unique operation.
April 6, 1993 -salvage and rescue operations in radiochemical plant of Siberia chemical industrial integrated plant in Tomsk-7 (Seversk town now).
April 14, 1993 - liquidation of consequences of a large fire in engine plant of JSC «KAMAZ» in Naberezhnye Chelny (Republic of Tatarstan). By the order of the Soviet of Ministers of the Government of the Russian Federation for the purpose of rendering of aid to "KAMAZ" in liquidation of the fire consequences in the plant, GKChS of Russia formed and forwarded the brigades of specialists for dismantling оf reinforced concrete and metal constructions. V.V.Zamaraev, A.I. Kopeikin, A,B, Martynov and other took part in the fire consequences liquidation.