Spanish 2 Final Exam Study Guide

SPANISH 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

REALIDADES 2 (BLUE)

1A p.14-40

School vocab. –classes, assignments, rules, things in the classroom

Stem-changing verbs

O>UE Almorzar = to have lunch, Poder = to be able to (can), Costar = to cost, Dormir = to sleep

E> IE Empezar = to start, Entender = to understand, Pensar = to think, Querer = to want,

Preferir = to prefer

E>I Pedir = to ask for, to request, Repetir = to repeat, Servir = to serve

U>UE Jugar = to play

HAY QUE = ONE MUST, IT IS NECESSARY SE PROHIBE = IT IS FORBIDDEN

TENER QUE = TO HAVE TO, MUST

ALGUIEN = SOMEBODY NADIE= NOBODY

ALGO = SOMETHING NADA = NOTHING

ALGUN, ALUGUNOS =SOME NINGUN, NINGUNOS = NOT ANY, NONE

SIEMPRE= ALWAYS NUNCA= NEVER

TAMBIEN = TOO, ALSO TAMPOCO = NEITHER

1B P42-68

P42 el tiempo libre – free time vocab

P43 IR = to go present tense

P46 after school activities vocab

p. 53 Equal comparisons

TAN + ADJECTIVE + COMO Marta es tan alta como Ana. Martha is as tall as Anna.

Yo soy tan inteligente como mi amigo. I’m as intelligent as my friend.

“TANTO” + NOUN + COMO Marta tiene tantos libros como Ana Marta has as many books as Ana.

Yo tengo tantas camisetas como mi amigo. I have as many tshirts as my friend.

P56 CONOCER = TO KNOW A PERSON

=TO BE FAMILIAR WITH PLACES

=TO HAVE BROAD KNOWLEDGE OF SOMETHING

SABER = (+ VERB) = TO KNOW HOW TO DO SOMETHING

= PHRASE STARTING WITH A QUESTION WORD: IF, WHEN, WHY, WHO, WHERE, ETC.

=TO KNOW NARROW, SPECIFIC PIECES OF KNOWLEDGE

P58 HACE + TIME + QUE +PRESENT TENSE = ASK/SAY HOW LONG SOMETHING HAS BEEN GOING ON

HACE 5 ANOS QUE MARTA VIVE EN SALISBURY. MARTA HAS BEEN LIVING IN SALISBURY FOR 5 YEARS.

HOWEVER PAY CLOSE ATTENTION:

HACE + TIME + PRETERITE = HOW LONG AGO SOMETHING HAPPENED.

HACE 5 ANOS, MARTA VIVIO EN SALISBURY. 5 YEARS AGO, MARTA LIVED IN SALISBURY .

2 A PP70-96 ?TE VES BIEN! = YOU LOOK GOOD!

P70 clothing and body parts vocab

P71 verbs that are followed by infinitives

P73 reflexive verbs and bath/shower/getting dressed vocab

P73 special events una boda = wedding, una cita = date, un concurso = contest, una audición = audition

Vocab for order of events : antes de = before, después de = after, mientras = while

Feelings vocab tranquilo = calm, nervioso = nervous, entusiasmado = excited

P80 REFLEXIVE VERBS : what people do for themselves, ALL THESE VERBS END IN SE IN THE INFINITIVE THEN USE SPECIFIC REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS WITH SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

REMEMBER: THE SUBJECT PRONOUN AND THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN MUST MATCH

HERE’S HOW YOU DO DESPERTARSE = TO WAKE (ONESELF) UP (STEM CHANGE E>IE)

SUBJECT PRONOUN REFLEXIVE PRONOUN VERB

YO ME DESPIERTO

Tú TE DESPIERTAS

éL SE DESPIERTA

ELLA SE DESPIERTA

UD SE DESPIERTA

NOSOTROS NOS DESPERTAMOS

ELLOS SE DESPIERTAN

ELLAS SE DESPIERTAN

HERE’S HOW YOU DO VESTIRSE = TO GET DRESSED (STEM CHANGE E>I)

SUBJECT PROUNOUN REFLEXIVE PRONOUN VERB

YO ME VISTO

Tú TE VISTES

éL SE VISTE

UD SE VISTE

NOSOTROS NOS VESTIMOS

ELLOS SE VISTEN

ELLAS SE VISTEN

UDS SE VISTEN

2A CONTINUED

P86 SER VS ESTAR : BOTH VERBS MEAN TO BE, BUT ARE USED DIFFERENTLY.

SER IS USED FOR WHAT PEOPLE ARE, WHAT THEY ARE LIKE (PERSONALITY, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION), WHERE PEOPLE OR THINGS ARE FROM , WHAT THIMGS ARE MADE OF, AND TO SHOW POSSESSION.

FOR HOW YOU FEEL AND WHERE YOU ARE, ALWAYS USE THE VERB ESTAR. (ALSO, REMEMBER TO USE ESTAR NOT JUST WHERE YOU ARE, BUT ALSO WHENEVER YOU SAY WHERE ANYTHING IS .

Yo estoy en mi dormitorio. I am in my bedroom.

Mi dormitorio está al primer piso. My bedroom is upstairs.

Mi lámpara está en la mesita. My lamp is on the nightstand.

Mi mesita está al lado de mi cama. My nightstand is beside my bed.

La farmacia y el banco están al centro. The pharmacy and the bank are downtown.

Also remember that you use ESTAR for the present progressive tense: (PURPLE 6B)

Yo estoy mirando la tele. I am watching TV.

Tú estás corriendo. You are running.

él está hablando. He is talking.

Nosotros estamos comiendo. We are eating.

Ellos están comprando ropa. They are buying clothes.

P88 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES : The long forms go after the noun or can be used alone.

Subject pronoun Short possessive adjectives Long possessive adjectives

(I) YO (my) MI, MIS (my) MíO, MíA, MíOS, MíAS

(you) Tú (your) TU, TUS (your) TUYO, TUYA, TUYOS, TUYAS

(he) éL (his) SU, SUS (his) SUYO, SUYA, SUYOS, SUYAS

(she) ELLA (her) SU, SUS (her) SUYO, SUYA, SUYOS, SUYAS

(you) UD & UDS (your) SU, SUS (your) SUYO, SUYA, SUYOS, SUYAS

(we) NOSOTROS (our) NUESTRO, NUESTRA, NUESTROS, NUESTRAS (short & long)

(they) ELLOS (their) SU, SUS (their) SUYO, SUYA, SUYOS, SUYAS

2B PP 98 -124 UN EVENTO ESPECIAL

P104-105 VOCABULARY SHOPPING FOR BARGAINS & PAYING

Buscar – to look for, Encontrar – to find, Probarse – to try on, Escoger – to choose Pagar – to pay, Gastar – to spend Comprar-to buy, dinero enefectivo – cash, tarjeta de credito – credit card, cheque – check, una liquidacion – a sale, de venta –for sale, una ganga – a bargain, precios altos – high prices. La caja- the cash register, el cajer0- la cajera – the cashier

P110 review of Preterite with regular verbs: (remember the past tense)

AR verbs ER verbs IR verbs

Yo miré yo comí yo escribí

Tú miraste tú comiste tú escribiste

él miró él comió él escribió

Nosotros miramos Nosotros comimos nosotros escribimos

Ellos miraron Ellos comieron Ellos escribieron

Remember special Yo Forms yo busqué yo toqué yo pagué yo navegué yo almorcé yo empecé

Remember that you can do reflexive verbs in the preterite tense too .

Also remember that you don’t have to do stem-changes in the preterite for the verbs we know.

Here’s how to do levantarse (to get up) and probarse ( to try on) in the past tense:

Yo me levanté Yo me probé

Tú te levantaste Tú te probaste

él se levantó él se probó

Nosotros nos levantamos Nosotros nos probamos

Ellos se levantaron Ellos se probaron

P114 Demostrative adjectives: Remember to associate these adjectives with things that are here (close to the speaker) there (near the person being addressed by the speaker) over there (away from both the speaker and the person being addressed)

HERE THIS, THESE (ALL HAVE TS) (QUE TENGO EN LAS MANOS)

AQUí ESTE, ESTA, ESTOS, ESTAS

THERE THAT, THOSE (QUE Tú TIENES )

ALLí ESE, ESA, ESOS, ESAS

OVER THERE THAT OVER THERE, THOSE OVER THERE (AWAY FROM US BOTH)

ALLá , LEJOS ALLí AQUEL, AQUELLA, AQUELLOS, AQUELLAS

P116 USING ADJECTIVES AS NOUNS: a way to avoid repetition when you compare 2 similar things:

For example: Tengo una falda roja y una falda azul. I have a red skirt and a blue skirt.

By dropping the second noun FALDA, I can turn AZUL into a noun and say

Tengo una falda roja y una azul. I have a red skirt and a blue one .

Here’s another example:

?Compraste la chaqueta de lana o la chaqueta de cuero?

Did you buy the jacket made of wool or the jacket made of leather?

?Compraste la chaquea de lana o la de cuero ? Did you buy the wool jacket or the leather one ?

3A p126 -152 ?Qué hiciste ayer? What did you do yesterday?

P130-131 vocabulary for places downtown (en elcentro) ?Casi se me olvidó! I almost forgot!

El banco – the bank cobrar un cheque – cash a check

El correo- the post office, enviar una carta = to send a letter, echar una carta en el buzón – to drop (toss) a letter in the mailbox, comprar sellos – buy stamps, una tarjeta postal – a post card

La biblioteca – library , sacar un libro – check out a book, devolver un libro- to return a book

La estación de servicio – the gas station, llenar el tanque – to fill the tank

El consultorio – office, clinic , ver al médico, al dentesta, -see the doctor, dentist

La farmacia- the pharmacy, comprar pastal dental y un cepillo de dientes – buty toothpaste and toothbursh, el jabón – soap, el champú- shampoo

Cuidar a los ni?os – to take care of children (babysit)

Important to remember as a sequence:

TO GO SOMEWHERE – IR

TO STAY THERE – QUEDARSE

TO RETURN, COME BACK- REGRESAR

NOSOTROS FUIMOS A LA PLAYA. We went to the beach.

NOSOTROS NOS QUEDAMOS ALLí UNA SEMANA. We stayed there a week.

NOSOTROS REGRESAMOS AYER. We came back yesterday.

YO FUI AL PARQUE. I went to the park.

YO ME QUEDé HASTA LAS CINCO DE LA TARDE. I stayed until 5 pm

LUEGO YO REGRESé A CASA. Then I returned home.

Important phrases for stores:

SE ABRE = OPEN

QUEDA= IS LOCATED

SE CIERRA – CLOSES

La biblioteca queda en Fisher Street. Se abre a las 9 de la manna y se cierra a las 9 de la tarde.

The library is located on Fisher Street. It opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm.

P138 Direct object pronouns again. LO, LA, LOS, LAS

P140 the Preterite Tense of IR and SER (are the same)

YO FUI NOSOTROS FUIMOS

Tú FUISTE

éL FUE ELLOS FUERON

ELLA FUE ELLAS FUERON

UD FUE UDS FUERON

Example: Pedro fue a Miami. Fue estudiante a la universdiad allí

Pedro went to Miami. He was a student a the university there.

P142 THE PRETERITE TENSE OF HACER, TENER, PODER, ESTAR.

HACER – TO MAKE , TO DO

PRESENT PRETERITE

YO HAGO NOSOTROS HACEMOS YO HICE NOSOTROS HICIMOS

Tú HACES Tú HICES

éL HACE ELLOS HACEN éL HIZO ELLOS HICIERON

ELLA HACE ELLAS HACEN ELLA HIZO ELLAS HICIERON

UD HACE UDS HACEN UD HIZO UDS HICIERON

TENER – TO HAVE (ALSO REMEMBER TENER QUE – TO HAVE TO...)

PRESENT PRETERITE

YO TENGO NOSOTROS TENEMOS YO TUVE NOSOTROS TUVIMOS

Tú TIENES Tú TUVISTE

éL TIENE ELLOS TIENEN ELLOS TUVO ELLOS TUVIERON

PODER- TO BE ABLE TO (CAN) PRETERITE-(WAS ABLE TO, COULD)

PRESENT PRETERITE

YO PUEDO NOSOTROS PODEMOS YO PUDE NOSOTROS PUDIMOS

Tú PUEDES Tú PUDISTE

éL PUEDE ELLOS PUEDEN éL PUDO ELLOS PUDIERON

ESTAR – TO BE

PRESENT PRETERITE

YO ESTOY NOSOTROS ESTAMOS YO ESTUVE NOSOTROS ESTUVIMOS

Tú ESTáS Tú ESTUVISTE

éL ESTá ELLOS ESTAMOS éL ESTUVO ELLOS ESTUVIMOS

3b P155 REVIEW THE PRESENT TENSE OF SALIR, VENIR, DECIR

SALIR – TO GO OUT, TO LEAVE, VENIR – TO COME, DECIR- TO SAY, TO TELL

DECIR IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS OFTEN USE WITH INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

ME (TO ME) YO LE DIGO QUE….I SAY TO HIM THAT…

TE (TO YOU) Tú ME DICES QUE…YOU SAY TO ME THAT…

LE (TO HIM) éL NOS DICE QUE…HE SAYS TO US THAT…

LE (TO HER) NOSOTROS LES DECIMOS QUE…WE SAY TO THEM THAT..

NOS (TO US) ELLOS LE DICEN THAT---THEY SAY TO HER THAT….

LES (TO THEM)

LIKEWISE, THE VERB DAR (TO GIVE) IN PRESENT AND PAST IS OFTEN USED WITH DIRECT OR INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

PRESENT :YO DOY, Tú DAS, éL DA, NOSOTROS DAMOS, ELLOS DAN

PRETERITE: YODI,Tú DISTE, éL DIO, NOSOTROS DIMOS, ELLOS DIERON