Chapter 23 Age of Progress
Terms to know: Second Industrial Revolution (699) Sweatshops (704) Shrieking Sisters (705) SPD (705-6) Marxism (again) Anarchism (708) Birth Control (715) Baden Powell (716) Third Republic (723) Kulturkampf (726) Bismarck and William II (726-7)
Second Industrial Revolution: Took place from 1870-1910 ish
- Germany surpasses Britain in Chemical production (soaps, textile, paper etc)
- Electricity: Edison’s light bulb meant work could go into the night
o Graham Bell’s phone
o Guglielmo Marconi and the Radio
o Faster transportation
o Replaces trains and coal
- Combustion Engine
o Used gas then fossil fuels
o Petroleum the new fuel source
o Gottlieb Daimler’s lighter engine = cars!
o Ford and the motor industry
- Steel replaces Iron with Bessemer process
- Emigration of almost 60 million Europeans to USA/Canada/S. America
Work Changes:
- White collar work: mostly for working class women (teachers, nursing, secretarial etc)
- Prostitution: Laws to stop “diseased” prostitutes
o Shrieking Sisters talked openly about sexual matters (Josephine Butler)
- Sweatshops: Workers would work at home on simple tasks and paid very little (usually women)
o Birth Control to help poor but fails
Rise in Socialism and worse
- “pure negation would not be accepted by the voters. The masses demand that something be done for today irrespective of what would happen tomorrow.”
- Poverty and a “depression” of 1871-1893 leads to a rise in socialist ideals
- SPD (Socialist Democratic Party in Germany) rises in power
- Evolutionary Socialism or Revisionism under Edward Bernstein
- Marxism (violent overthrow of class) in decline
- Rise in Trade Unions
- Anarchism leads to assassinations in various European countries
- People angry about Plutocrats (new business class)
French Third Republic. . . . Fails . . . what else is new
Germany: The fall of Bismarck
- Bundesrat (Senate) of Germany represented by 25 states
- Reichstag (House of Reps)
o Army conservative with Bismarck as Chancellor
o Bismarck was fearful of Catholicism and Socialism
§ Tried to outlaw socialism but loses the fight (SPD)
§ New emperor William II decides to let Bismarck resign : (
Austria deals with nationality problems
Russian loses Alex III and is replaced by Nicholas II (last Romanov) who tries to reassert monarchial rule