Practice Questions Unit 8B EMOTIONS
1. / The basic components of emotion areA) / sympathetic arousal, parasympathetic inhibition, and cognitive labeling.
B) / physical gestures, facial expressions, and psychological drives.
C) / expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.
D) / cognition, affect, and behavior.
E) / physiological reaction, psychological reaction, biopsychosocial reaction.
2. / The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
A) / to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.
B) / the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal.
C) / an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion.
D) / to experience emotion we must be physically aroused and able to cognitively label the emotion.
E) / cognitive experiences of emotion determine the extent of our physiological arousal.
3. / According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the experience of an emotion
A) / depends on the intensity of physiological arousal.
B) / can occur only after physiological arousal.
C) / occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal.
D) / precedes physiological arousal.
E) / is intensified or lessened by physiological arousal.
4. / According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ______and ______.
A) / facial expressions; a cognitive label
B) / emotion-arousing events; physical arousal
C) / physical arousal; overt behavior
D) / a cognitive label; physical arousal
E) / conscious experience; unconscious experience
5. / Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was “anxious.” Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was “falling in love.” The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the
A) / relative deprivation principle.
B) / James-Lange theory.
C) / two-factor theory.
D) / catharsis hypothesis.
E) / adaptation-level principle.
6. / The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a
A) / person comes to fear snakes after he sees someone else bitten by one.
B) / person's fear of snakes is reduced after she receives a calming tranquilizer.
C) / person automatically fears snakes even though he thinks they are attractive and harmless.
D) / person's fear of snakes is reduced after she learns that most snakes are harmless.
E) / person's fear of snakes would be more intense after an adrenalin shot.
7. / Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity often reduce people's subjective experience of intense anxiety. Which theory of emotion would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?
A) / James-Lange
B) / Cannon-Bard
C) / two-factor
D) / Schachter-Singer
E) / adaptation-level
8. / When someone is angry, their respiration, heart rate, and sweating increase. The same responses are also seen when someone is afraid. Walter Cannon suggested that such findings brought which theory into question?
A) / James-Lange
B) / facial feedback
C) / fight or flight
D) / Schachter-Singer
E) / opponent-process
9. / The emotions of anger and fear involve similar
A) / subjective thoughts and experiences.
B) / patterns of autonomic arousal.
C) / facial expressions.
D) / patterns of brain activity.
E) / cultural expectations.
10. / Which theory would be most threatened by evidence that highly similar patterns of physiological activity are associated with uniquely different emotional states?
A) / two-factor theory
B) / Cannon-Bard theory
C) / catharsis theory
D) / James-Lange theory
E) / adaptation-level phenomenon
11. / A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is
A) / acetylcholine.
B) / epinephrine.
C) / testosterone.
D) / insulin.
E) / dopamine.
12. / Adrenaline and noradrenaline are also referred to as
A) / dopamine and acetylcholine.
B) / GABA and histamine.
C) / epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) / endorphins and glucose.
E) / serotonin and glutamate.
13. / Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations?
A) / sympathetic
B) / central
C) / somatic
D) / parasympathetic
E) / autonomic
14. / When confronted by an armed robber, your emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by
A) / decreases in blood sugar levels.
B) / slowing of digestion.
C) / increases in salivation.
D) / constriction of pupils to increase visual acuity.
E) / decreases in respiration rate.
15. / When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the action of her ______nervous system.
A) / parasympathetic
B) / sympathetic
C) / central
D) / somatic
E) / cathartic
16. / Increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex is to ______as increased activity in the left frontal lobe is to ______.
A) / anger; fear
B) / disgust; joy
C) / love; hate
D) / elation; depression
E) / sadness; excitement
17. / A small cluster of neurons, the nucleus accumbens, is highly active when people experience
A) / pleasure.
B) / anger.
C) / fear.
D) / depression.
E) / disgust.
18. / Which of the following research findings is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) / Facial expressions of emotion inhibit the conscious experience of emotion.
B) / Distinctly different patterns of brain activity are associated with distinctly different emotions.
C) / People with spinal cord injuries experience a considerable increase in the intensity of their angry feelings.
D) / Similar hormones are released during both anger and excitement.
E) / Most emotional experience results from amygdala activation.
19. / Emotional disgust is to emotional delight as ______is to ______.
A) / blood sugar decrease; blood sugar increase
B) / right prefrontal cortex activation; left prefrontal cortex activation
C) / sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
D) / the relative deprivation principle; the adaptation-level principle
E) / release of epinephrine; release of nor epinephrine
20. / The polygraph measures the changes in ______that accompany emotion.
A) / blood sugar level
B) / hormone secretions
C) / pupil dilation
D) / heart rate
E) / facial expression
21. / Polygraphs are designed to measure the changes in breathing, cardiovascular activity, and perspiration that are thought to accompany specific emotions. Which theory of emotion best supports this assumption?
A) / James-Lange
B) / Cannon-Bard
C) / Schachter-Singer
D) / opponent-process
E) / fight or flight
22. / In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that
A) / some emotions can be experienced apart from cognition.
B) / there are subtle but distinct physiological differences among the emotions.
C) / our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal.
D) / happiness is largely a function of experience.
E) / activation of the sympathetic nervous system alone does not influence emotion.
23. / Bradley was romantically interested in Angel. Based on research by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, if Bradley wishes to increase the odds that she will return his interest, he should
A) / take her to dinner at her favorite restaurant.
B) / play soft music for her on the piano.
C) / bring her a dozen red roses.
D) / take her rock climbing.
E) / buy a puzzle that they can both put together.
24. / Pari quickly becomes extremely frightened when she sees a small spider, even though she knows it is harmless. Her experience best illustrates that
A) / cognitive appraisals are important to our emotional responses.
B) / physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
C) / some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.
D) / physiological responses precede emotion.
E) / arousal is adaptive.
25. / Which of the following emotional reactions is most likely to precede any conscious thinking?
A) / hatred
B) / love
C) / fear
D) / depression
E) / regret
26. / Which brain structure has been found to be especially important in learning to fear specific objects?
A) / hypothalamus
B) / amygdala
C) / corpus callosum
D) / hippocampus
E) / thalamus
27. / The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are
A) / learned in early childhood.
B) / different in Eastern and Western cultures.
C) / the same throughout the world.
D) / more similar in adults than they are in children or adolescents.
E) / more similar in women than in men.
28. / People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of
A) / love.
B) / anger.
C) / surprise.
D) / happiness.
E) / boredom.
29. / The eyebrows raised and pulled together most clearly signal
A) / fear.
B) / anger.
C) / disgust.
D) / happiness.
E) / surprise.
30. / During an argument with her teenage son, Patty became extremely angry. Based on research, what is the best way for Patty to handle her anger to avoid behavior that she later will regret?
A) / Patty should keep thinking about why she is angry at her son.
B) / It is important that Patty use “you” statements to express her feelings to her son.
C) / Patty ought to vent her anger by hitting a pillow.
D) / It is essential that Patty directly express her angry feelings as she experiences them.
E) / Patty should wait to calm down before addressing the problem.
Page 5