Learning Guide: Physiology 3 Transport
Bill Activity #52
To Think About: Why do organisms need to internally transport substances? How do organisms accomplish the process of transport? What happens to organisms if they are unable to transport material?
1st Learn About: Use text and prezi presentation Transport to answer the following questions in your BILL
Ch. 36: Plant Form and Function, Ch. 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange: Campbell’s Biology 9th edition
Part I: Plant Transport
Questions to Answer:
1. Some plants (the bryophytes) do not have vascular tissue. How does the lack of vasculature tissue constrain bryophyte anatomy?
2. What is the function of the casparian strip in plant roots?
3. Explain how transpirational pull is created starting with the roots and ending with evaporation of water at the stomates.
4. What are the physiological consequences of a plant keeping its stomates closed during the day time?
5. Describe an example of a physiological adaptation that minimizes water loss in a particular plant.
6. Describe the pressure flow hypothesis for phloem transport of sap.
Make Sure You Can Explain:
· How the processes of plant transport depend upon water potential and how that water potential is generated as a function of pressure and solute concentration.
· The consequences of adaptations that minimize water loss on plant physiology.
· How the processes of plant transport depend upon water potential and how that water potential is generated as a function of pressure and solute concentration.
· The consequences of adaptations that minimize water loss on plant physiology.
Part 2: Animal Transport (Circulation)
Questions to Answer:
1. What are the trends that are seen in animal circulatory systems over evolutionary time?
2. Compare the open circulatory system of arthropods with the closed circulatory systems of vertebrates.
3. Why has evolution resulted in the development of a 4-chambered heart in two distinct lineages?
4. Explain how the components of blood allow for the various functions of blood.
5. Compare arteries, capillaries and veins.
6. Diagram the path that blood flows through the mammalian body. Include all four chambers of the heart, and all arteries and veins that lead immediately to and from the heart. Indicate where blood is the most oxygenated, and where it is the least oxygenated.
7. Explain how heart beat is regulated in the mammalian heart, and how that heartbeat relates to blood pressure.
Make Sure You Can Explain:
· The structure and function of all parts of the mammalian digestive system.
· How the structure and function of all organs in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract contribute to nutrition of a mammal.
· Where in the gastrointestinal tract specific types of macromolecules begin to be broken down.
· The roles of symbiotic relationships in the nutrition function of the large intestine in mammals.
· How dentition, obesity, and the structure of the gastrointestinal tract in mammals can serve adaptive functions.
· How the mammalian digestive system demonstrates the ideas of compartmentalization and cooperation among organs.
· The causes, effects, and treatments of the disorders demonstrated in the presentation.