Jadeed Hatchery Private Limited Is One of the Leading Poultry Producing Company of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION:

Jadeed hatchery private limited is one of the leading poultry producing company of Pakistan which provides good quality chicks for the fulfillment of nation. Jadeed hatchery situated at Kabirwala road Khanewal.

It consist 2 units;

·  Unit 1

·  Unit2

Hatchery was started in 1982 with 5 S2 incubators in unit 1 and further 5 ISIS 109 incubators were added in unit 1996. In 2003 hatchery director decided to increase the capacity. so 7 ultra control system and 7 genesis 3 5 incubators were added in unit 2. Now 24 machines are working. All these incubators are made by chick master.

MANAGERIAL SETUP:

Chief executive:

Mian Muhammad Javaid

Hatchery manager:

Dr, Akhtar Hussain

Hatchery supervisors:

Mr. Basharat , Mr. Riaz

Background of host organization

Jadeed hatchery started working in 1987 with the slogan `we sell, we care ` and started provision of quality chicks to the poultry farmers. Jadeed hatchery is situated on kabirwala road 6 Km away from Lahore Moor Khanewal. The hatchery was expanded in 1996 and further more in 2003. The hatchery has 24 incubators now with total setting capacity 2234520 and hatching capacity of 372420. The hatchery comprises of 2 units

Unit #1

In unit 1 total10 machines are installed. All machines are made by chick master company, 5 machines were installed in 1987 that are S2 model while 5 were installed in 1996 that are ISIS model

Specification of S2 machines

·  In unit # five S2 machines were installed in 1987.

·  Capacity

·  In one tray 54 eggs are set.

·  One tri flat contains 162 eggs

·  A pallet is required to handle the tri flat.

·  The tri flats are set on the racks of trolley or buggy.

·  Each rack has 162 eggs 9tri flats)

·  Each egg trolley contains 4860 eggs

·  One setting consists of 3 trolleys, and contains 14580 eggs

·  Total setting capacity of S2 machine 87480 eggs.

Dimension

·  Height 8/3

·  Width 12/5

·  Length 21/8

Environmental controls

For the control of temperature a pair of heaters and a pair of cooling coils are installed

For the monitoring of humidity wet bulb thermostat is installed which turns on the solenoid valves which supply water to the pair of nozzles, which spray water at the droplet level. For fresh air an air dumper is installed at front of machine, which sucks air from setter room. The air is drawn in to the air duct and then supplied to the machine. At rear walls of setter two openings are present through which exhaust air passes out the setter into the gallery.6 fans are installed, which spread the air evenly into the whole machine.

Specification of ISIS machine

In unit # 1 five ISIS machines were installed in 1987. ISIS stands for (integrated self diagnostic incubation system). The ISIS machines have the same air conditioning duct, Fans, heater, cooling coils and nozzles like the S2 machines

Capacity

·  In one tray 54 eggs are set

·  One tri flat contains 162 eggs

·  A pallet is required to handle the tri flat

·  Each egg trolley contains 32 racks

·  Each rack has 162 eggs

·  Each egg trolley contains 5184 eggs

·  One setting consists of 3 trolleys, and contains 15552 eggs

·  Total setting capacity of ISIS machine 93312 eggs

Unit # 2

This unit was constructed in 2003-04. In this unit total 14 machines are installed. All machines are made by chick master company. 7 machines are Genesis model and 7 are ultra model.

Specification of ultra machine

·  One flat piece contains 165 eggs, which require no pallet to handle

·  Each egg trolley contains 32 racks

·  Each egg trolley contains 5280 eggs

·  One setting consists of 3 trolleys and contains 15840 eggs

·  Total setting capacity of ultra machine is 95040 eggs

Specification of GENISES 111 machine

These machines have same specifications like ultra machines except of having CPU. By using CPU one can change setting, this function is password protected. The technology of this machine is IC based. This machine is more convenient to use than other models of chick master.

Recommendations for room ventilation:

Egg room

Days Recommended egg storage temperature

Up to 3 days dry bulb 650F-700F (18.30C-21.10C) @ 75% R.H

Wet bulb 600-650F (15.60-18.30C)

3-7 days dry bulb 590F-620F (150C-16.70C) @ 75-80% R.H

Wet bulb 550-570F (12.80-13.90C)

Over 7 days dry bulb 550F-570F (12.80C-13.90C) @ 80% R.H

Wet bulb 510-530F (10.60-11.70C)

·  The minimum fresh air requirement is 0.075 CFM per 1000 chicks.

Pre-warming room

Temperature 760F-800F (24.40C-26.70C)

R.H 45%

Setter room and Setter:

Eggs are transfer to setter room to set in the setter. Number of eggs in the setter varies with capacity of the setter.S2 has low capacity as compared to ISIS machine. The environment of the setting room also affects the working of the setter. In setter a specific temperature 99.5 °F and RH 85% should be maintained for proper working of the machine. To control the temperature and RH heater and water nozzles are installed inside the setter. Inlet and outlet are also there for proper ventilation. Turning of the eggs are done automatically at the angle of 45°.

Setter room temperature

Room Temperature 780F-800F (25.60C-270C)

R.H 45-55%

Hatcher room and Hatcher:

Eggs transfer from setter to hatcher at 19th day of incubation so eggs stay in the hatcher for almost 3 days. Every setter has a hatcher whose capacity is equal to the # of eggs set in a single setting. As the setter are divided into two units likewise hatcher are also divided into two separate rooms. Hatcher room is divided into two parts;

1.  Hatcher machine

2.  Hatcher hall

Room Temperature 780F-800F (25.60C-270C)

R.H 60-70%

Machine temperature 98.5 °F

R.H 90%

Machine should be power on 3-4 hours before eggs are set in the hatcher. R.H is high in hatcher machine because high humidity has some benefits e.g.

·  Piping becomes easy.

·  It causes egg shell weak.

·  Decrease water losses from the chicks.

Chick room:

After hatching out of the chicks they are transfer from hatcher to chick room. Where they undergo the process of grading.

Room Temperature 780F-850F (25.60C-29.40C)

R.H 50-60%

·  Recommended fresh air (minimum) – 12CFM per 1000 chicks

·  20CFM (0.57CMM) per person

Washroom:

Room Temperature 780F-800F (25.60C-270C)

R.H 45-55%

·  Recommended fresh air (minimum) – 12CFM per 1000 chicks.20CFM (0.57CMM) per person

Hatchery Operations

Good management means doing all the things rightly and timely.Proper management of the hatchery operations is the key factor to produce quality chicks. It comprises of following steps;

1.  Transportation and receiving of hatching eggs

2.  Egg holding room

3.  Grading of hatching eggs

4.  Traying of hatching eggs

5.  Fumigation of hatching eggs

6.  Setting of eggs

7.  Shifting

8.  Hatching of chicks

9.  Chick grading

10. Chick holding room

11. Packaging and delivery of day old chicks

12. Hatchery sanitation

1)  Transportation and receiving of hatching eggs

·  For egg pickup and transportation, the main considerations are to prevent cracks and to maintain temperature and humidity

·  The eggs should be handled gently and carefully

·  The driver should drive the truck smoothly in order to avoid the jerks.

·  Sometimes 4-5% broken eggs are seen while receiving 1 % breakage is acceptable

·  All trucks must be disinfected with powerful disinfectant like formaldehyde to reduce the load of bacteria and virus.

·  The egg boxes are received in the egg room where they should be carefully handled

2)  Egg holding room

·  In most commercial hatcheries eggs are hold usually from some hours to 2 days so, the temperature of the egg storage room should be maintained according to the temp of eggs

·  The interior temp of the egg is determined by thermostat then maintain the temp of the egg holding room 2-5F above the interior temp of the egg

·  For the procurement of proper ventilation and temperature fans , heater , humidity fire , exhaust fans and air conditioners are installed

3)  Grading of hatching eggs

·  careful grading is necessary to achieve the maximum hatchability of flock

·  grading may be done manually or by egg grading machine

·  setting the dirty eggs (also referred to as market eggs) results in contamination of setter , they can be set in separate incubator to avoid contamination of the A quality eggs

·  eggs of younger breeder flock have more variation in weight so there is a convenience of grading them with automatic grading machine on the basis of weight

·  different load cells are installed in egg grader , which differentiate the eggs in to different categories according to their weights

4) Traying of hatching eggs

·  eggs are placed with the broader end up in the incubator setting trays at the time they are graded

·  usually they should be trayed as close to setting time as possible

·  a better method is to tray eggs each day, placing the trays in special holding racks designed for this purpose.

5) Fumigation of hatching eggs

·  It is a process in which through a chemical reaction formaldehyde gas is evolved to kill the germs in an incubator, Hatcher ,egg storage

·  2 parts of formalin with approximately 1 part of Kmno4 are used for the chemical reaction to produce formaldehyde gas

·  1X conc. means that we should mix 17.5 g of Kmno4 and 35ml formalin for each 1 cubic feet.

·  Fumigation in the hatchery is done at 3 stages

Stage 1. 20 minutes before setting at 1X concentration

Stage 2. After 10 hours of setting fumigation is done in setter for 20 min.

Stage 3. In the Hatcher we don’t use Kmno4, only formalin is used

6) Setting of eggs

·  after fumigation setting of eggs is done

·  The trolleys are brought into the walk in incubator one machine contains 6 settings.

·  In one week 2 settings are set.

·  Eggs are set for 18 days in setter

·  Check out the incubator rather it is working properly or not

·  The incubator should be turned on 5-12 hours before the setting,

·  The name of flock, date of setting and setting number is written on the front of the tray

·  Dry bulb temp is 99.5f in incubator

·  Wet bulb temp is 85 f in incubator

·  RH in the incubator is 45% to 53%

7)Shifting

·  It is transferring of eggs from setter to Hatcher

·  It is done after 18 days and some hours of incubation

·  During shifting , the temperature of shifting room properly monitored

·  The egg trays should not be held more than 15-20 minutes out of setter

·  Temp of the shifting room should be maintained from 80-90 F

·  During shifting two major processes practices are done

8)Candling

·  It is a process in which the hatching eggs are subjected to light to observe rather the light passes through eggs or not

·  The eggs trough which the light passes are infertile

·  The eggs through which the light does not pass are referred to be fertile eggs

·  The candling done at 18 day of incubation in commercial hatcheries in Pakistan

Candler:

Candling is done by Candler. It has 2 sides, but there is a gap between two sides, 5 bulbs are installed on each side of Candler, the egg trays are placed on the gap between the sides of the table and passage of light from eggs is observed.

Fertility can be calculated after candling;

Fertility %age = 100- candling %age

DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE LOSS FROM HATCHING EGGS

Water is lost as a result of metabolism of developing embryo; it usually ranges from .55% to .70% of the total egg weight

9) Hatching of chicks

·  eggs are kept for last 3 days of incubation in Hatcher ,

·  there are 2 nozzles that control the humidity in the Hatcher, for the control of temp 2 heaters and 2 cooling coils are placed behind each fan

·  Correct moisture prevents the beak of chicks from sticking to the newly pipped shell and allows for free movement of chick’s head at the time of pipping.

·  The RH of Hatcher must be 55% when the eggs are transferred to Hatcher

Events in embryonic development

Before egg lay

1.  Fertilization

2.  Division and growth of living cells

3.  Segregation of cells

Between laying and incubation

No growth, stage of inactive embryonic life

During incubation

First day

16 hours first sign of resemblance of chick

18 hours appearance of alimentary tract

20 hours appearance of vertebral column

21 hours appearance of nervous system

22 hours beginning of head

24 hours beginning of eye

Second day

25 hours beginning of heart

35 hours beginning of ear

42 hours heart beats

Third day

60 hours nose

62 hours legs

64 hours wings

4th day tongue

5th day reproductive organs & differentiation of sex

6th day Beak

8th day feathers

16the day scales, claws, beak become firm and horny

19th day yolk sac begins to enter body cavity

20th day yolk sac completely drawn in to the body cavity

21st day hatching of chick.

Egg tooth: Is the temporary horny cap on the chicks’ upper beak that serves for pepping the shell. It usually dries and falls off within 18 hours after the chick hatches.

Hatchability

Problems / Possible cause

In fertility

/ ·  Males sterile or badly selected
·  Too many and insufficient males
·  Old males
·  Excess weight gain, both males and females
·  Inadequate and feed and water space allowances
·  Seasonal effect
·  Disease
·  Wet litter leading to foot problems
Died at membrane stage (day 1-2) / ·  Poor and rough egg handling
·  High nest temperature in combination with low frequency of egg collection
·  Broodiness
·  Prolong and improper egg storage
·  Incorrect fumigation
Died at blood ring stage (day 3-4) / ·  Chilled or overheated hatching eggs
·  Incorrect incubation temperature
·  Incorrect fumigation
·  High number of floor eggs, cracked eggs and contaminated eggs
·  Disease
·  Nutritional cause
·  Turning failure
·  Prolong and improper egg storage
·  Feed contamination
·  Broodiness
Died at eye stage ( day 5-7) / ·  Incorrect incubation temperature
·  Turning failure
·  Prolong an improper egg storage
·  Disease
·  Nutritional causes
Died from egg tooth stage until start yolk sac absorption (day 8-17) / ·  Incorrect incubation temperature
·  Turning failure
·  Prolong an improper egg storage
·  Disease
·  Nutrirional causes
·  Eggs too long out of the setter during candling if done between 7-10 days
·  Poor ventilation of setter and/ or setter room
·  Incorrect humidity in incubator
Death of chicks before internal pipping / ·  Insufficient turning
·  Incorrect incubator temperature or humidity
·  Eggs incubated upside down
·  Air cell in the wrong place
·  High humidity in the setter
·  High humidity in hatcher before 10% of chicks have hatched
Death of chicks after external pipping / ·  Low humidity in hatcher
·  Temperature too low or too high for a short period
·  Poor ventilation in the hatcher
Delayed hatch / ·  low humidity and temperature 1-19 days
·  Low humidity in hatcher
·  Hot and cold spots during incubation
·  Improper egg collection
·  Prolonged egg storage
·  Excessively large eggs
Premature hatch / ·  High temperature in setter
·  Small eggs
Sticky chicks / ·  Low temperature 20-21 days
·  High humidity 20-21 days
·  Poor or inadequate air circulation in hatcher
·  Turning failure
·  Prolonged egg storage
Dry chicks / ·  Eggs dehydrated
·  Low humidity at hatching
·  High temperature 20-21 days
Unhealed navels / ·  Low temperature
Protruding navels / ·  High temperature in setter
·  Temperature fluctuations
·  High humidity in hatcher
Chicks too small / ·  Small eggs
·  Low humidity in setter
·  High temperature in setter
·  Thin porous shells
Large and flabby chicks (poor reflex) / ·  Low temperature in hatcher
·  High humidity in setter
·  Poor ventilation in hatcher
·  Omphalitis
·  Large eggs
Weak chicks / ·  High temperature in hatcher
·  Inadequate ventilation in hatcher
·  Nutritional causes
Crossed beak / ·  Heredity
·  Virus infection
Missing eyes / ·  High temperature during first day in setter
·  Rough handling
Twisted neck, stargazers /

·  Possibly nutrition

Crooked toes / ·  Incorrect incubation temperature during last day in setter and in hatcher
·  Nutritional causes
Straddled legs / ·  Smooth hatching trays

Head above right wing

/ ·  High temperature in setter

It is the %age of the eggs hatched out of total number of fertile eggs set in the Hatcher. Even after candling 1-2% clear eggs cant be separated from the hatch able eggs