III stepen, saradnik: Milica Vukovic

Past Simple

Form

Affirmative: V+ed I worked

Interrogative: Did I work?

Negative: I did not work, I didn’t work

Irregular verbs: the second column

When the final letter is –e, just add –d: love-loved

After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled: admit-admitted

In British English, the final –l is doubled: travel-travelled

Consonant + y, becomes –ied: worry-worried

Past Continuous

Form

Affirmative: I/he/she/it was working. You/we/they were working.

Interrogative: Was I/he/she/it working? Were you/we/they working?

Negative: I/he/she/it was not working. You/we/they were not working.

I/he/she/it wasn’t working. You/we/they weren’t working.

Past Simple or Past Continuous?

Past Simple / Past Continuous
one after another (radnje su se desile jedna za drugom)
She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails. / at the same time (radnje su se desile istovremeno)
Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watching TV.
new action (nova radnja, koja je prekinula dužu)
My mobile rang when I was sitting in a meeting. / action already in progress (radnja koja je bila u progresu, koja je trajala)
My mobile rang when I was sitting in a meeting.
just mentioning (radnja koja se desila i završila u prošlosti)
Colin played football yesterday. / emphasising progress (radnja je bila u progresu u tačno naznačenom trenutku u prošlosti, u tom trenutku nije bila završena)
Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football.
to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past (za opisivanje)
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped.

repetition and irritation with "always"

She was always coming to class late. (to što ona kasni nervira govornika)
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

Signal words

Past Simple / Past Continuous
·  first
·  then
·  If-clause type II (If I talked, …)
·  yesterday
·  last
·  ago
·  when
·  in (1992) / ·  when
·  while
·  as long as
·  all day/morning...

Past Perfect

Form

Affirmative: had + V-ed/3rd column: I had seen

Interrogative: Had I seen?

Negative: I had not seen, I hadn’t seen

Use:

Completed action before something in the past (radnja prije neke druge prošle radnje)

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. (prvo sam izgubio novčanik, a onda nisam imao novca)

Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. (prvo je on posjetio grad nekoliko puta, pa ga je onda dobro upoznao)

An action which happened before a stated time in the past (radnja se završila do tačno određenog trenutka u prošlosti):

I had finished my homework by nine. (do devet je domaći bio završen)

Signal words:

before, after, until, just, till, when, by, by the time

Passive

Pasiv se gradi od glagola be u istom vremenu koje je u aktivnoj rečenici i prošlog participa (V+ed ili treća kolona nepravilnih glagola):

Past Simple: was/were + V-ed/3rd column

I typed the letters. – The letters were typed.

Present Continuous: was/were + being + V-ed/3rd column

She was typing the letters. – The letters were being typed.

Somebody was following me. – I was being followed.

Past Perfect: had + been + V-ed/3rd column

I had typed the letters. – The letters had been typed.

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