Dedication Page: Paul W

photo credits

Dedication page: Paul W. Liebhardt; George Breithaupt, xxxv.

Chapter 1: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, xxx (left); The Granger Collection, xxx (center); Corbis/Bettmann, xxx (right); Reuters/Corbis/Bettmann; 1; Masterfile Corporation, 2; Caroline Penn/Corbis/Bettmann, 3 (top left); Minh-Thu Pham, 3 (top middle); Graham, Neal/Omni-Photo Communications, Inc., 3 (top right); Paul W. Liebhardt, 3 (bottom left); Alan Evrard/Robert Harding World Imagery, 3 (bottom middle); Paul W. Liebhardt, 3 (bottom right); Adam Nadel/AP Wide World Photos, 6; Sean Sprague/The Image Works, 9; AP Wide World Photos, 11; North Wind Picture Archives, 13; Clayton Sharrard/PhotoEdit, 15; Corbis/Bettmann, 18 (left); Brown Brothers, 18 (right); Brown Brothers, 19; David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit, 20; Yang Liu/Corbis/Bettmann, 21; Getty Images, Inc.—Photodisc., 24.

Chapter 2: Spencer Grant/Stock Boston, 28 (left); Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 28 (center); © Reuters NewMedia Inc./CORBIS, 28 (right); Axel M. Mosler/VISUM/Axel M. Mosler/VISUM, 29; Reuben Burrell/Hampton University/Lois Benjamin, 30; Meaghan Reilly, 31; Brian Smith/Gamma Press USA, Inc., 32; Julia Cumes/AP Wide World Photos, 35; © Doranne Jacobson/International Images, 37; Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos, Inc., 38 (left); Argas/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 38 (right); Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit, 42; New York Times Pictures, 43; KRT Photograph/Ron Tarver/Philadelphia Inquirer/NewsCom, 45; Tammy L. Anderson, Ph.D., 48.

Chapter 3: Anthony Bannister/Gallo Images/Corbis/Bettmann, 58 (left); Darren Staples/Reuters/Corbis/Bettmann, 58 (center) Margaret Courtney-Clarke/Corbis/Bettmann, 58 (right); © Don Mason/Bettmann/CORBIS. All rights reserved, 59; Charles Schwab & Company, Inc., 60; Paul W. Liebhardt, 61 (top left); Carlos Humberto/TDC/Contact/Corbis/Stock Market, 61 (top middle); © Doranne Jacobson/International Images, 61 (top right); Paul W. Liebhardt, 61 (center left); David Austen/Stock Boston, 61 (center middle); Hubertus Kanus/Photo Researchers, Inc., 61 (center right); © Doranne Jacobson/International Images, 61 (bottom left); Art Wolfe/Getty Images Inc.— Stone Allstock, 61 (bottom right); iWitness Photos/Alamy Images, 62; Herve Collart Odinetz/Corbis/Sygma, 63; Pearson Education/PH College, 64; Penguin Books USA, Inc., 68; Scott Wintrow/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images, 69; David Young Wolff/PhotoEdit, 71; Margaret Courtney-Clarke/Tom Keller and Associates LLC, 73; Catherine Karnow/Corbis/Bettmann, 74; Chet Gordon/The Image Works, 75; Shehzad Nooran/Still Pictures/Peter Arnold, Inc., 80; Paul Soloman/Woodfin Camp & Associates, 83; Copyright 1952, 1980 Ruth Orkin, 84; © Bettmann/CORBIS, 86 (left); Thomas Kitchin/Tom Stack & Associates, Inc., 86 (right).

Chapter 4: © Sergio Dorantes/Bettmann/CORBIS. All Rights Reserved, 90 (left); © Underwood & Underwood/CORBIS. All rights reserved, 90 (center); © Bill Varie//CORBIS. All rights reserved, 90 (right); Joseph Van Os/Getty Images Inc.—Image Bank, 91; © 1996, The Washington Post. Photo by Carol Guzy. Reprinted with permission, 92; Patrick Bordes/Photo Researchers, Inc., 93; Monty Brinton/CBS Photo/Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos, 94; Robert Frerck/Woodfin Camp & Associates, 95; Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos, 100 (left); Topham/The Image Works, 100 (right); Corbis/Bettmann, 102; Film Four/South Fork; Senator Film/Picture Desk, Inc./Kobal Collection, 104, Photofest, 105; DC Moore Gallery, 108; Elliot Landy/Magnum Photos, Inc., 109 (left, left center, right center); AP Wide World Photos (right); Peter Finger/Corbis/Bettmann, 110 (left); Mikael Karlsson/Arresting Images, 100 (right).

Chapter 5: Pete Saloutos/Corbis/Bettmann, 116 (left); Corbis Royalty Free, 116 (center, right); Paul Chesley/Getty Images Inc.—Stone Allstock, 117; David Falconer/Folio, Inc., 118; Ted Horowitz/Corbis/Stock Market, 119 (left); Henley & Savage/Corbis/Stock Market, 119 (center); Tom Pollak, 119 (right); Drawings from Dr. Annie Sparrow/Human Rights Watch, 121; Corbis Royalty Free, 123; Rimma Gerlovina and Valeriy Gerlovin, 126; Hampton University Museum, 127; LA119/Rockstar Games/Zuma Press/NewsCom, 130; 20th Century Fox/The Kobal Collection/Brandy Eve Allen, 133; Eastcott/Momatiuk/The Image Works, 137.

Chapter 6: Corbis Royalty Free 142 (left, center, right); Photos.com, 143; © www.franksiteman.com, 144; Gunnery Sgt. Blair A. McClellan, U.S. Marine Corps/US Department of Defense, 145; David S. Holloway/Getty Images, 146; Ron Chapple/Getty Images, Inc.—Taxi, 149; Staton R. Winter/The New York Times, 150; The Cartoon Bank, 151; Paul Ekman, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology, University of California, San Francisco, 154 (left, right); Paul W. Liebhardt, 155 (left, center, right); Barbara Penoya/Getty Images, Inc.—Photodisc., 157 (top left); Alan S. Weiner, 157 (top center left); Andy Crawford/© Dorling Kindersley, 157 (top center right); © Guido Alberto Rossi/TIPS Images, 157 (top right); Chris Carroll/Corbis/Bettmann, 157 (bottom left); Costa Manos/Magnum Photos, Inc., 157 (bottom right); Najlah Feanny/Stock Boston, 158; Martin, Inc., Butch/Getty Images Inc.— Image Bank, 160; Michael Germana/UPI/Landov LLC, 162.

Chapter 7: © Ronnie Kaurfman/CORBIS. All rights reserved, 166 (left); Jerry Lampen/REUTERS/Corbis/Bettmann, 166 (center); © Helen King/CORBIS. All rights reserved, 166 (right); Annie Griffiths Belt/Corbis/Bettmann, 167; Historic Site of the Original McDonalds, 168; Jeff Greenberg/The Image Works, 169; Jonathan Green Studios, Inc., 174; Spencer Grant/PhotoEdit, 175; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 179; © Hulton Getty/Archive Photos, 182; Courtesy: Google, 184 (left); Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 184 (right).

Chapter 8: Patrik Giardino/Corbis/Bettmann, 192 (left); Dominic Harcourt-Webster/Robert Harding World Imagery, 192 (center); Maggie Hallahan/Corbis/Bettmann, 192 (right); AP Wide World Photos, 193; AFP Photo/Patrick Baz/NewsCom, 194; Andre Gallant/Getty Images Inc.—Image Bank, 195 (top left); Pete Turner, 195 (top middle); Brun/Photo Researchers, Inc., 195 (top right); Bruno Hadjih/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 195 (bottom left); Elliot Erwitt/Magnum Photos, Inc., 195 (bottom middle); George Holton/Photo Researchers, Inc., 195 (bottom right); Brand X Pictures/Alamy Images Royalty Free, 200 (left); Thomas Schweizer/Corbis/Bettmann, 200 (right); Win McNamee/Reuters/Corbis/Bettmann, 205; © John Van Hasselt/Bettmann/CORBIS All Rights Reserved, 209; AP Wide World Photos, 210; AKG London Ltd, 213; Richard Lord/The Image Works, 214.

Chapter 9: James Henry/Getty Images Inc.—Stone Allstock, 220 (left); Bill Varie/Corbis/Bettmann, 220 (center); Brian Philips/Syracuse Newspapers/The Image Works, 220 (right); Tore Bergsaker/Corbis/Sygma, 221; AP Wide World Photos, 222; Melissa Moore/The Image Works, 223; AP Wide World Photos, 225; Robert Yager/Getty Images Inc.—Stone Allstock, 227; Reuters/Corbis/Reuters America LLC, 230; AP Wide World Photos, 231; EPA/Peter Foley/NewsCom, 233; Topham/The Image Works, 236; SW Production/Index Stock Imagery, Inc., 238; AP Wide World Photos, 239; Kayte M. Deioma/PhotoEdit, 242; US Information Agency, 243; A. Ramey/PhotoEdit, 248.

Chapter 10: Kevin Fleming/Corbis/Bettmann, 252 (left); Cydney Conger/Corbis/Bettmann, 252 (center); SuperStock, Inc., 252 (right); Mark Peterson/Corbis/SABA Press Photos, Inc., 253; Illustration by Ken Marschall © 1992 from Titanic: An Illustrated History, a Viking Studio/Madison Press Book, 254; Mary Ellen Mark, 255; Lindsay Hebberd/Corbis, 256; Louise Gubb/The Image Works, 257; Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images, 259; AP Wide World Photos, 260; © Peter Turnley/Corbis, 261; Julia Calfee/Polaris Images, 263; AP Wide World Photos, 268; © Doranne Jacobson/International Images, 269; Getty Images, Inc., 270.

Chapter 11: Catherine Karnow/Woodfin Camp & Associates, 278 (left); Janet Reilly, 278 (center); Mika/Zefa/Corbis Zefa Collection, 278 (right); David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit, 279; Mary Kate Denny/PhotoEdit, 280; © Rose Prouser/Reuters/Corbis, 285; Frank Micelotta/Getty Images, 286 (left); Burt Glinn/Magnum Photos, Inc., 286 (right); Ed Bock/Corbis/Stock Market, 287; Russell Lee/Corbis/Bettmann, 289; 20th Century Fox/Everett Collection, 290; AP Wide World Photos, 293; Art Resource, N.Y., 295; Carl Wagner/Chicago Tribune/NewsCom, 297.

Chapter 12: © Carl & Ann Purcell/CORBIS All Rights Reserved, 304 (left); © James Leynse/CORBIS. All Rights Reserved, 304 (center); Roncen Patrick/Corbis/Sygma, 304 (right); Peter Charlesworth, 305; Getty Images, Inc.—Agence France Presse, 306; Smiley N. Pool/Dallas Mornning News/Corbis/Bettmann, 306; Martin Benjamin/The Image Works, 308 (top left); Peter Turnley/Corbis/Bettmann, 308 (top right); Pablo Bartholomew/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 308 (bottom); Smiley N. Pool/Dallas Mornning News/Corbis/Bettmann, 310; David Butow/Redux Pictures, 311; Yuri Cortez/Agence France Presse/Getty Images, 315; Malcolm Linton/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 318; Steve Maines/Stock Boston, 320; Joe McDonald/Corbis/Bettmann, 321 (left); Robert van der Hilst/Corbis/Bettmann, 321 (center); Robert van der Hilst/Corbis/Bettmann, 321 (right); Robert van der Hilst/The Image Works, 322; Mark Edwards/Still Pictures/Peter Arnold, Inc., 325.

Chapter 13: Bob Daemmrich/The Image Works; 332 (left); Corbis Royalty Free, 332 (center); Joe Bator/Corbis/Bettmann, 332 (right); Gideon Mendel/Corbis/Bettmann, 333; Corbis/Bettmann, 334; Nancy Richmond/The Image Works, 336; Angela Fisher/Carol Beckwith/Robert Estall Photo Agency, 337; CBS TV/Picture Desk, Inc./Kobal Collection, 340; Topham/The Image Works, 341; AP Wide World Photos, 344; David Grossman/The Image Works, 347; Kuenzig/laif/Aurora Photos, 349; Willinger/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos, 351; HBO/Picture Desk, Inc./Kobal Collection, 352.

Chapter 14: Marcia Keegan, Corbis/Bettmann, 360 (left); Carole Bellaiche/Corbis/Sygma 360 (center), Kevin Fleming/Corbis/Bettmann, 360 (right); David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc., 361; Bryant Mason, College Relations, Bronx Community College, 362; Joel Gordon/Joel Gordon Photography, 363 (top left); Leong Ka Tai, 363 (top center); Owen Franken/Corbis/Bettmann, 363 (top right); Charles O’Rear/Corbis/Bettmann, 363 (bottom left); Paul W. Liebhardt, 363 (bottom center); Lisi Dennis/Lisl Dennis, 363 (bottom right); AP Wide World Photos, 364; Bob Daemmrich Photography, Inc., 367; Paul Conklin/PhotoEdit, 369; Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries, 373; Corbis/Bettmann, 378 (left); Culver Pictures, Inc., 378 (left center); Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture/The New York Public Library/Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, 378 (right center); UPI/Corbis/Bettmann, 378 (right); A. Ramey/Woodfin Camp & Associates, 380; Warner Bros. TV/Amblin TV/Picture Desk, Inc./Kobal Collection, 382; M. Lee Fatherree/Carmen Lomas Garza, 383; Carl D. Walsh/Aurora & Quanta Productions Inc., 386.

Chapter 15: Karen Kasmauski/Corbis/Bettmann, 392 (left); UN/DPI, 392 (center); AP Wide World Photos, 392 (right); Ariel Skelley/Corbis/Bettmann, 393; David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit, 394; Tom Wagner/Corbis/SABA Press Photos, Inc., 396; Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 398 (left); © John Garrett/Corbis, 398 (right); Laima Druskis/Pearson Education/PH College, 407; Chris Rainier/Corbis/Bettmann, 409; Spencer Grant/Stock Boston, 411; Merie W. Wallace/Warner Bros/Bureau L.A. Collections/Corbis/Bettmann, 412.

Chapter 16: Jonathan Blair/Corbis/Bettmann, 416 (left); Beawiharta/Reuters/Corbis/Bettmann, 416 (center); Jim Pickerell/The Stock Connection, 416 (right); Mark Wilson/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 417; AP Wide World Photos, 418, AP Wide World Photos, 419; Underwood & Underwood/Library of Congress, 420; Sven-Olof Lindblad/Photo Researchers, Inc., 422; Bellavia/REA/Corbis/SABA Press Photos, Inc., 425 (left); John Bryson/Corbis/Sygma, 425 (right); Alamy Images, 426; Gamma Press USA, Inc., 427; Chien-Chi Chang/Magnum Photos, Inc., 431; Matthew Borkoski/Index Stock Imagery, Inc., 433.

Chapter 17: Paul Fusco/Magnum Photos, Inc, 442 (left); Toby Talbot/AP Wide World Photos, 442 (center); Jason Reed/Reuters/Corbis/Reuters America LLC, 442 (right); William Thomas/Getty Images, 443; AP Wide World Photos, 444; Durand/SIPA Press, 446; David Ball/Index Stock Imagery, Inc., 449; Ramin Talaie/Corbis/Bettmann, 451 (left); Joel Gordon Photography, 451 (right); AP Wide World Photos, 457; AP Wide World Photos, 459; Joe McNally, Life Magazine © TimePix.

Chapter 18: Corbis Royalty Free, 468 (left, center); Owen Franken/Corbis/Bettmann, 468 (right); TO COME, 469; Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 470; Getty Images, 471 (left); AP Wide World Photos, 471 (right); John Terence Turner/Getty Images, Inc.—Taxi, 472; The Bridgeman Art Library International; 475; Paul Marcus/Studio SPM, Inc., 476; AP Wide World Photos, 478; The Cartoon Bank, 479; Mark J. Barrett/Creative Eye/MIRA.com, 486; Bill Bachmann/The Image Works, 488.

Chapter 19: Bojan Brecelj/Corbis/Bettmann, 496 (left); Mashkov Yuri/ITAR-TASS/Corbis/Bettmann, 496 (center) Friedrich Stark/Das Fotoarchiv/Peter Arnold, Inc., 496 (right); Jason Reed/Reuters/Corbis/Reuters America LLC, 497; Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 499; Galen Rowell/Peter Arnold, Inc., 500; © David Rubinger/Bettmann/CORBIS All Rights Reserved, 502; © Doranne Jacobson/International Images, 504; Ian Berry/Magnum Photos, Inc., 505; Annie Griffiths Belt/NGS Image Collection, 508; AP Wide World Photos, 511; © Bettmann/CORBIS All rights reserved, 516; Philip North-Coombes/Getty Images Inc.—Stone Allstock, 517; © Gary Braasch/Bettmann/CORBIS All rights reserved, 521.

Chapter 20: Lynsey Addario/Corbis/Bettmann, 524 (left); UN/DPI, 524 (center); Louise Gubb/Corbis/SABA Press Photos, Inc., 524 (right); Paul Barton/Corbis/Bettmann, 525; © Andrew Holbrooke/Bettmann/CORBIS All rights reserved, 526; AP Wide World Photos, 527; Bob Daemmrich Photography, Inc., 531; Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, 532 (left); Getty Images, Inc., 532 (right); Lawrence Migdale/Pix, 539; AP Wide World Photos, 543; Bob Daemmrich Photography, Inc., 544; Kevin Virobik-Adams, Progressive Photo, 546.

Chapter 21: Gregory Primo Gottman, 550 (left); Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis/Bettmann (550 (center); Gideon Mendel/Corbis/Bettmann, 550 (right); AP Wide World Photos, 551; Martin Parr/Magnum Photos, Inc., 552; Steve Prezant/Corbis/Stock Market, 555; © Lucy Nicholson/Bettmann/CORBIS All Rights Reserved, 557; George Mulala/Peter Arnold, Inc., 560; Adalbert Franz Seligmann, Allgemeines Krankenhaus (General Hospital), 19th Century Painting, canvas. Professor Theodor Billroth lectures at the General Hospital, Vienna. 1880. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY, 563; Galen Rowell/Mountain Light Photography, Inc., 566; John Cancalosi/Stock Boston, 567; Billy E. Barnes/PhotoEdit, 569; Al Diaz, 572; Steve Murez/Black Star, 574.

Chapter 22: Dinodia/The Image Works, 578 (left); Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis/Bettmann, 578 (center); David Austen/Woodfin Camp & Associates, 578 (right); Wilfried Krecichwost/Zefa/Corbis Zefa Collection, 579; © Annie Griffiths/Bettmann/CORBIS All Rights Reserved, 580; AP Wide World Photos, 585; David and Peter Turnley/Corbis/Bettmann, 587; Lauren Goodsmith/The Image Works, 588; Mario Tursi/Miramax/Dimension Films/The Kobal Collection, 590; Steve C. Wilson/Online USA, Inc./Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos, 592; Christie’s Images Inc., 593 (left); SuperStock, Inc., 593 (right); James King-Holmes/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc., 597; Culver Pictures, Inc., 600; Dave Amit/Reuters/Landov LLC, 601; Eric Pasquier/Corbis/Sygma, 604.

Chapter 23: Bobby Yip/Retuers/Corbis/Reuters America LLC, 610 (left); A. Ramey/PhotoEdit, 610 (center); Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters/Corbis/Reuters America LLC, 610 (right); AP Wide World Photos, 611, 612, 613; © David Butow/Corbis SABA, 615; Sabina Dowell, 617; © Joel Gordon 2005—All rights reserved, 619; Rick Wilking/Reuters/Corbis/Bettmann, 620 (left); Al Grillo/Peter Arnold, Inc., 620 (center); AP Wide World Photos, 620 (right); CORBIS–NY, 621; AP Wide World Photos, 625; Corbis/Bettmann, 627 (left); Huynh Cong “Nick” Ut/AP Wide World Photos, 627 (right).

Chapter 24: Joe McDonald/Joe McDonald, 636 (left); Ed Kashi/Corbis/Bettmann, 636 (center); B.S.P.I./Corbis/Bettmann, 636 (right); Robert Essel NYC/Corbis/Bettmann, 637; Culver Pictures, Inc., 638; China Images/Getty Images, Inc., 640; The Bridgeman Art Library International, 643; Whitney Museum of American Art, 644; Eric Draper/AP Wide World Photos, 648; Ed Pritchard/Getty Images Inc.—Stone Allstock, 651 (left); Mark Richards/PhotoEdit, 651 (right); Mauri Rautkari/WWF UK (World Wide Fund For Nature), 652; Kelly-Mooney Photography/Corbis/Bettmann, 653; Paul Howell/Getty Images, Inc.—Liaison, 658.

Timeline: 1807: Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos; 1829: Association of American Railroads; 1848: North Carolina Museum of History; 1876: Property of AT&T Archives, reprinted with permission of AT&T; 1886 (top): Irene Springer/Pearson Education/PH College; 1886 (bottom): “Coca-Cola” is a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company and is reproduced with kind permission from The Coca-Cola Company; 1893: Library of Congress; 1910: Tim Ridley © Dorling Kindersley; 1912: Wilton, Chris Alan/Getty Images Inc.—Image Bank; 1913: Library of Congress; 1921: Getty Images Inc.— Hulton Archive Photos; 1927: Corbis/Bettmann; 1931: Texas State Library and Archives Commission; 1945: U.S. Air Force; 1946: Photo courtesy of Unisys Corporation; 1947: © CORBIS/Bettmann; 1950: Corbis/Bettmann; 1952: © Dorling Kindersley; 1955: AP Wide World Photos; 1964: Getty Images Inc.—Hulton Archive Photos; 1969 (top): AP Wide World Photos; 1969 (bottom): NASA/Johnson Space Center; 1970: Jason Laure/Woodfin Camp & Associates; 1980: Laima Druskis/Pearson Education/PH College; 1981: Jan Butchofsky-Houser/AP Wide World Photos; 1987: John Serafin; 1990s: Gerald Lopez © Dorling Kindersley; 2000: Brady/Pearson Education/PH College.