Cold spray materials deposition process - Fundamentals and applications

Edited by Victor K. Champagne

Woodhead Publishing Limited, Publisher

2007

1 Introduction

V. K. Champagne, US Army Research Laboratory, USA

Part 1 General issues

2 The development of the cold gas-dynamic spray process

A. Papyrin, Cold Spray Technology (CST), USA

2.1 History of cold spray

2.2 Discovery of the cold spray phenomenon and its basic features

2.3 Initial studies on development of cold spray. Basic physical principles and key features

2.4 Evolution of cold spray technology and current status

2.5 Some comments on the patent situation

2.6 Symbol list

2.7 References

3 Comparing cold spray with thermal spray coating technologies

M. F. Smith, Sandia National Laboratories, USA

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Traditional thermal spray technologies

3.3 Comparison of cold spray t o traditional thermal spray

3.4 Conclusions

3.5 References

4 The advantages and disadvantages of the cold spray coating process

J. Karthikeyan, ABS Industries Inc, USA

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Advantages of the cold spray process

4.3 Disadvantages of the cold spray process

4.4 References

5 The economics of the cold spray process

S. Celotto, J. Pattison, J. S. Ho, A.N. Johnson and W. O’Neill, Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre, UK

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cold spray equipment and infrastructure

5.3 Consumables

5.4 Comparison to other thermal spray techniques

5.5 Comparison to other additive fabrication techniques

5.6 Conclusions and future trends

5.7 Sources of further information and advice

5.8 References

Part 2 Cold gas-dynamic spray process parameters

6 Powders in the cold spray process

F. J. Brodmann, F. J. Brodmann & Co, USA

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Selection criteria for cold spray feedstock

6.3 Key powder properties

6.4 Powder manufacturing process

6.5 New material developments

6.6 Discussion

6.7 Conclusions

6.8 Acknowledgements

6.9 References

7 The influence of nozzle design in the cold spray process

K. Sakaki, Shinshu University, Japan

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Numerical simulation of cold spray process

7.3 Nozzle design influences

7.4 References

8 The role of particle temperature and velocity in cold spray coating formation

T. Van Steenkiste, Delphi Systems, USA

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Particle velocity and temperature

8.3 The impact of particle velocity and temperature on coating formation

8.4 Altering particle temperature

8.5 Conclusions

8.6 Acknowledgements

8.7 References

9 Particle/substrate interaction in the cold spray bonding process

M. Grujicic, Clemson University, USA

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Transient non-linear dynamics analysis of the cold-gas particle/substrate interactions

9.3 Adiabatic shear instability and plastic-flow localization

9.4 The role of interfacial instability

9.5 Conclusions

9.6 References

10 Supersonic jet/substrate interaction in the cold spray bonding process

V. F. Kosarev, S. V. Klinkov and A. Papyrin, A. Papyrin, Cold Spray Technology (CST), USA

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Investigation of supersonic air jet exhausting from a nozzle

10.3 Impact of a supersonic jet on a substrate

10.4 Heat transfer between a supersonic plane jet and a substrate under conditions of cold spray

10.5 Symbol list

10.6 References

11 Portable, low pressure cold spray systems for industrial applications

R. Maev, V. Leshchynsky and E. Strumban, University of Windsor, Canada

11.1 State-of-art cold spray systems

11.2 State-of-art powder feeding systems

11.3 Modification of the low pressure portable GDS system

11.4 Industrial low pressure portable GDS system

11.5 References

12 Stationary cold spray systems for industrial applications

H. Höll, Cold Spray Technology GmbH, Germany

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Industrial cold gas spray equipment: system layout, gas supply and control cabinet

12.3 Industrial cold spray equipment: gas heater, powder feeder and cold spray gas

12.4 References

Part 3 Applications of cold gas-dynamic spray coatings

13 Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of cold sprayed coatings

A. Gouldstone, W. B. Choi, W. Chi, Y. Wu and S. Sampath, State University of New York, USA

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Materials used for analysis

13.3 Mechanical property measurements

13.4 Microstructural characterization of coatings

13.5 Properties of coatings

13.6 Comparison of cold-spray coatings with traditional thermal spray of coatings

13.7 Conclusions

13.8 Acknowledgements

13.9 References

14 Cold spray particle deposition for improved wear

T. Eden and D. Wolfe, Penn State University, USA

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Current state of the art

14.3 Cold spray wear resistant material properties

14.4 Cold spray wear resistant processing

14.5 Characterization

14.6 Powder characteristics

14.7 X-ray diffraction (XRD) and phase analysis

14.8 Scanning electron microscopy

14.9 Tribology

14.10 Adhesion and bond strength

14.11 Potential hybrid process combining cold spray can laser processing

14.12 Conclusions

15 The use of cold spray coating for corrosion protection

R. C. McCune, formerly Ford Motor Company, USA

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Cold spraying of metals as a coatings technology for corrosion control

15.3 Galvanising of steel structures to prevent corrosion

15.4 Preventing aqueous and hot-surface corrosion

15.5 Conclusions

15.6 References

16 Electromagnetic interference shielding by cold spray particle deposition

D. J. Helfritch, US Army Research Laboratory, USA

16.1Introduction

16.2 Cold spray particle deposition

16.3 Parameter screening

16.4 Screening tests

16.5 Application

16.6 Conclusions

16.7 Acknowledgements

16.8 References

17 Repair of magnesium components by cold spray techniques

V. K. Champagne, US Army Research Laboratory, USA

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Problems in using magnesium components

17.3 Limitations of current technologies

17.4 Key issues in using the cold spray process

17.5 Developing and testing cold spray coating of magnesium

17.6 Cold spray technology for coating magnesium

17.7 Predictive modelling process optimization

17.8 Cold spray trials

17.9 Coating characterization

17.10 Cost savings and implementation

17.11 Conclusions

17.12 References