Chapter 20 – Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus
I. Overview of Diabetes Mellitus
A. Symptoms of Diabetes
B. Diagnosis of Diabetes
C. Types of Diabetes
1. Type 1 Diabetes
2. Type 2 Diabetes
3. Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents
D. Acute Complications of Diabetes
1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes
2. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in Type 2 Diabetes
3. Hypoglycemia
E. Chronic Complications of Diabetes
1. Disorders of the Large Blood Vessels
2. Disorders of the Small Blood Vessels
3. Nerve Damage
II. Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
A. Treatment Goals
B. Evaluating Diabetes Treatment
1. Long-Term Glycemic Control
2. Monitoring for Long-Term Complications
3. Ketone Testing
C. Body Weight Concerns
1. Body Weight in Type 1 Diabetes
2. Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetes
D. Medical Nutrition Therapy: Nutrient Recommendations
1. Total Carbohydrate Intake
2. Carbohydrate Sources
3. Micronutrients
E. Medical Nutrition Therapy: Meal-Planning Strategies
1. Carbohydrate Counting
a. How to Use Basic Carbohydrate Counting in Clinical Practice
2. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning
F. Insulin Therapy
1. Insulin Preparations
2. Insulin Delivery
3. Insulin Regimen for Type 1 Diabetes
4. Insulin Regimen for Type 2 Diabetes
5. Insulin Therapy and Hypoglycemia
6. Fasting Hyperglycemia
G. Oral Diabetic Agents
H. Physical Activity and Diabetes Management
1. Physical Activity in Insulin Therapy
2. Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes
I. Sick-Day Management
III. Diabetes Management in Pregnancy
A. Pregnancy in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes
B. Gestational Diabetes
IV. Nutrition in Practice – Metabolic Syndrome
A. How is the metabolic syndrome diagnosed, and how many people in the U.S. does it affect?
B. What causes the metabolic syndrome?
C. What kinds of metabolic changes are induced by excess abdominal fat?
D. Can obesity cause other problems related to the metabolic syndrome?
E. How does the metabolic syndrome contribute to cardiovascular disease risk?
F. What is the treatment for the metabolic syndrome?
G. What dietary strategies, other than weight loss, are suggested for people with the metabolic syndrome?
H. Why is physical activity recommended for people with the metabolic syndrome?
I. Are medications used to treat the metabolic syndrome?