Name: ______Period: ______

Chapter 18 Classification

Section 18-1 History of Taxonomy

  1. Explain Aristotle’s taxonomy of organisms.
  2. Why are common names not good to use when classifying organisms? Give an example.
  3. Describe Carolus Linnaeus’s system of classification.
  4. Linnaeus used ______or form & structure to classify organisms.
  5. List Linnaeus’s levels of organization in order starting with the broadest classification level.
  6. Name Linnaeus’s two kingdoms.
  7. What is the difference between phylum & division? How are they alike?
  8. What classification level contains only a single type of organism?
  9. In Linnaeus’s naming system, ______words are used as the name.
  10. Explain Linnaeus’s 2-word naming system.
  11. What is Linnaeus’s naming system called?
  12. Write the scientific name for man.
  13. The ______name is written first and must always be ______.
  14. The ______name is written second and should ______be capitalized.
  15. Name 2 things a species name may do.
  16. What do modern taxonomist use to classify organisms?

Section 18-2 Modern Phylogenetic Taxonomy

  1. Name 6 things used by modern taxonomists to classify organisms.
  2. Classification of an organism should reflect its ______or ______history.
  3. Name a tool used by systematic taxonomists.
  4. What is a phylogenetic tree?
  5. Do phylogenetic trees ever change? Explain.
  6. What complex animal group is located at the top of your phylogenetic tree?
  7. Do all organisms have complete fossil records? Explain.
  8. Which structures show that organisms are more closely related, homologous or analogous?
  9. Features similar in structure but with different functions are called ______structures.
  10. Early patterns of similar ______development show relationships.
  11. What is the blastula?
  12. What is the blastopore, & what does it become?
  13. The blastopore becomes the mouth in many animals except in ______where it becomes their ______.
  14. What invertebrate group is most closely related to the vertebrates?
  15. Taxonomists compare macromolecules such as ______, ______, & ______to show similarities among species.
  16. If two organisms have similar banding patterns on their chromosomes then they are ______related.
  17. What is used in cladistics to show evolutionary relationships?
  18. What is a derived character?
  19. Do shared derived characters show common ancestry?

Section 18-3 Modern Systems of Classification

  1. The discovery of 2 broad types of bacteria led taxonomists to develop what type of classification system?
  2. Name the 6 kingdoms & tell which are prokaryotes & which are eukaryotes.
  3. Describe members of the kingdom Archaebacteria.
  4. In what type of environment are Archaebacteria found?
  5. Did Archaebacteria carry on photosynthesis?
  6. What kingdom contains true bacteria?
  7. Name 4 things Eubacteria do that affect your life.
  8. Do all true bacteria use oxygen? Explain.
  9. How do all bacteria reproduce?
  10. Why are bacteria able to evolve so quickly?
  11. Most protists are ______organisms, but some like the giant kelp are ______without ______.
  12. Since protists are eukaryotes, what special structures do they contain?
  13. Some protists like ______feed on other organisms, while ______have chloroplasts & make their own food.
  14. Describe the characteristics of fungi.
  15. How do fungi get food?
  16. Multicellular plants are in the ______kingdom.
  17. Most plants are ______and make food energy by ______.
  18. Describe the characteristics of the animal kingdom.
  19. Most animals have ______body organization.
  20. Both plants & animals reproduce ______.
  21. Using information about ______RNA, ______developed the three ______classification system.
  22. Name the 3 domains.
  23. Domain ______contains the same organisms as the kingdom Archaebacteria.
  24. Domain ______contains the same organisms as kingdom Eubacteria.
  25. What is included in domain Eukarya?
  26. What characteristic do all members of the domain Eukarya have in common with each other.