Cell Unit Test Study Guide
Chapter 2
1. What are the characteristics that all living things share?
a. Composed of cells
b. Sense & respond to change
c. Reproduce
d. DNA
e. Use Energy
f. Grow & Develop
2. What are the basic needs of most living things?
a. Water
b. Air
c. Shelter
d. Food
3. What is DNA?
a. A nucleic acid that controls the structure and function of cells; controls all cell activities (located in nucleus)
4. What is heredity?
a. The passing of traits from one generation to the next
5. What is homeostasis?
a. The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
Chapter 3
1. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
a. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
b. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
c. All cells come from existing cells.
2. What organelle uses cellular respiration to release energy stored in food?
a. Mitochondria
3. What organelle forms a barrier between the cell and its environment?
a. Cell membrane
4. What organelle acts as the cell’s delivery system?
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
5. What organelle can you find ribosomes on?
a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. What organelle packages and distributes proteins?
a. Golgi Apparatus (Complex, Body)
7. What organelle supports the cell and may be made of cellulose or chitin?
a. Cell Wall
8. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
a. Chloroplast
9. What is the fluid inside a cell called?
a. Cytoplasm
10. What are 3 benefits of being a multicellular organism?
a. Larger size, longer life, and cell specialization
11. What is a tissue?
a. Group of cells working together to perform a specific function (job)
12. What is an organ?
a. A group of tissues that carry out a specialized function
13. What is an organ system?
a. A group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Chapter 4
1. What is osmosis?
a. The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
2. What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a. In active transport, particles move from low to high concentration; requires energy
b. In passive transport, particles move from high to low concentration; does not require energy
3. What is endocytosis?
a. Active transport process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring into the cell.
4. What is exocytosis?
a. Active transport process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing it in a vesicle and moves to the cell membrane and fuses with the cell membrane thus releasing the particle
5. When does fermentation occur?
a. When oxygen is not available for cellular respiration to occur to make energy
6. What does fermentation produce?
a. Lactic acid
7. What occurs during binary fission?
a. A type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotes, the cell splits into two parts
8. What process uses carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make glucose and oxygen?
a. Photosynthesis
9. What is the difference in Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
a. Plant cells: a cell plate (followed by cell wall) forms & splits the two cells
b. Animal cells: the cell membrane pinches inward to create two cells
10. In what stage of the cell cycle are organelles and chromosomes copied?
a. Interphase
Chapter 22
1. What is bone marrow?
a. The material within bones that makes blood cells
2. What is one of the functions of bones?
a. Support and protect , work with muscles to help you move, store minerals and fat, make blood cells
3. What does the muscular system do?
a. Helps you move
4. What body system does skin belong to?
a. Integumentary System
Chapter 23
1. What is the function of blood?
a. carry oxygen, nutrients, and wastes; fight disease; and regulate temperature.
2. What does the lymphatic system do?
a. collects and begins disposal of extracellular fluids
3. What are the main organs in the respiratory system?
a. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus (bronchioles), lung, diaphragm, alveoli
4. What are the 5 main parts of the cardiovascular system?
a. heart, arteries, capillaries, blood, and veins
Chapter 25
1. What is the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?
a. in contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system uses hormones rather than neurons.
Add on:
1. Why do cells need to produce new cells?
a. To replace cells that have died
2. What is the job of the lysosomes?
a. Digest food particles
3. What is cellular respiration?
a. Process in which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.