A.P. World History

Semester 2 Review Packet

The following terms, names, and concepts have all been a major part of the 2nd semester material in this course. However, this list only includes the major aspects of study and therefore it is not simply a list of everything that we have covered. Use this packet, along with old assignments, charts, and notes to help you prepare.

The 2nd Semester is divided into three major units:

Unit III: 1492-1750 – Origins of Global Interdependence (Chapters 23-28)

Unit IV: 1750-1914 – The Age of Revolutions, Industries, and Global Empires (Chapters 29-33)

Unit V: 1914-Present – Contemporary Global Realignments / The World Today (Chapters 34-40)

Chapter 23 – Transoceanic Encounters / Global Connections

Reasons/Motives behind Exploration –

Why “new sea routes” were better than “old” overland routes –

New technologies associated with exploration –

Volta do mar –

Prince Henry the Navigator –

Bartolomeu Dias –

Vasco da Gama –

Christopher Columbus –

Vasco Balboa –

Ferdinand Magellan –

James Cook –

Northwest Passage –

Afonso d’Alboquerque –

Joint Stock Companies (examples of…British/Dutch especially) –

Dutch/Russian Imperialism –

Melaka –

Seven Years War –

Manila Galleons –

Colombian Exchange –

Chapter 24 – The Transformation of Europe

Martin Luther –

Protestant Reformation –

Henry VIII –

Council of Trent –

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) –

English Civil War –

Glorious Revolution in England –

Absolute Monarchs –

Louis XIV –

Cardinal Richelieu –

Palace of Versailles (as an example of Absolutism) –

Peter I (Peter the Great) of Russia –

Peter the Greats’ steps toward “modernizing” Russia –

Catherine II –

Reasons for European population increases (new foods like the potato / lack of diseases)

Capitalism –

Adam Smith –

Serfdom in Russia – (reasons for, problems with) –

The “Enlightenment” Period in Europe –

Ptolemy’s view (Ptolemaic) of the Universe –

Enlightenment “Scientists”:

Copernicus –

Galileo –

Isaac Newton –

Enlightenment “Thinkers”:

John Locke –

Montesquieu –

Voltaire –

Deists –

Philosophes –

Major Legacy(ies) of the Enlightenment –

Chapter 25 – New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania

Colonization of Mexico and Peru by the Spanish –

Hernando Cortes –

Francisco Pizarro –

Reason(s) for relatively “easy” process of defeating Aztecs/Incas –

Treaty of Tordesillas –

Territorial claims of Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, British, and French in the New World –

Mestizos –

Mulattoes –

Zambos –

Peninsulares –

Creoles –

Treatment of Native People (compare Spanish, English, and French treatment of Natives) –

Indentured Servants –

Spread of Christianity to the New World (where does it spread, why to certain areas more than others?) –

Significance of the “Virgin of Guadalupe” –

British Colonization of Australia –

Chapters 26-28

(Corresponded with chapters 15-18 in reading packet)

Major Topics:

Ottoman Empire & its military technology –

Gunpowder Empires –

Suleiman I (the magnificent) –

Janissaries –

Millets –

Status / Role of Women in Ottoman Empire –

Qing Economic policy (know significance of “favorable balance of trade” and city of Canton) –

Feudal Culture in Japan (Samurai, Daimyo, Shogun) –

Tokugawa Shogunate –

Emergence of Mughal Indian Empire –

Women in Mughal India –

British East India Company –

Chapter 29 – Revolutions in the Atlantic World

Sovereignty –

John Locke –

Jean Jacques Rousseau –

Understand key principles / background / events of the American Revolution –

How the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution are examples of Enlightenment Thought –

French Revolution-----

Estate System (unfairness of it) –

Estates General –

National Assembly –

Louis XVI –

Marie Antoinette –

Maximilien Robespierre –

Jacobin Party –

The Directory –

Napoleon Bonaparte:

Concordot, Civil Code, Extent of Empire –

Haitian Revolution (Saint Domingue) –

Boukman –

Toussaint Louverture –

What role(s) did each of the following play in Mexico’s independence movement?

a. Miguel de Hidalgo –

b. Augustin de Iturbide –

Simon Bolivar –

Brazilian Independence –

Conservatism vs. Liberalism –

Mary Astell –

Mary Wollstonecraft –

Elizabeth Cady Stanton –

Zionism –

Anti-Semitism –

Alfred Dreyfus -

The Congress of Vienna (why was it formed, what were its goals, what did it accomplish)

Chapter 30 – The Industrial Revolution

Origins and spread of the Industrial Revolution –

The Factory System –

Capitalism –

Adam Smith –

Eli Whitney –

Henry Ford –

Corporation –

The Demographic Transition (because of the Industrial Revolution) –

Thomas Malthus (referenced in documents on pgs. 828 & 830) –

The Communist Manifesto –

Russian Growth and Sergei Witte –

Zaibatsu –

Chapter 31 – The Americas in the Age of Independence

War of 1812 –

Canadian “Dominion” –

Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna –

Benito Juarez & La Reforma –

French/British/Spanish intervention in Mexico & The Battle of Puebla –

Mexican Revolution of 1911-1920 –

Porfirio Diaz –

Emiliano Zapata & Francisco (Pancho) Villa –

Chapter 32 – Societies at a Crossroads

The Ottoman Empire’s Decline

Janissaries –

Muhammad Ali –

Capitulations –

Mahmud II –

Tanzimat Reforms –

Constitution of 1876 –

The Russian Empire under Pressure

The Crimean War –

Tsar Alexander II –

Emancipation of the Serfs –

Zemstvos –

Sergei Witte –

Pogroms –

Nicholas II –

Russo Japanese War –

Bloody Sunday –

Duma –

The Chinese Empire Under Siege

The Opium Trade –

The Opium War –

“Unequal Treaties” – particularly the Treaty of Nanjing –

Hong Kong –

Taiping Rebellion –

Self-Strengthening Movement –

Spheres of Influence –

Boxer Rebellion –

Transformation of Japan

Adm. Matthew Perry –

Meiji Restoration –

Chapter 33 – Building Global Empires / Imperialism

Understand the things that served as “justifications” for imperialism –

Understand the new technologies that “facilitated” imperialism –

Note the importance/significance with IMPERIALISM

Cecil Rhodes –

Suez Canal –

BEIC (Brit. East India Co.) – role in India –

Sepoy Revolt & How did the British rule India following the Sepoy Revolt

The Great Game –

The Scramble for Africa -

Belgium’s King Leopold II -

Henry Stanley -

Berlin Conference -

Australia and New Zealand

How and why were these areas settled by Europeans?

Conflicts between Europeans and indigenous peoples -

The United States & Imperialism

Monroe Doctrine –

Spanish American War (what did the U.S. acquire?) –

Roosevelt Corollary –

Japan and Imperialism

Sino-Japanese War –

Russo-Japanese War –

Chapter 34 – World War I

Causes for War (Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Entangled Alliances)

Franz Ferdinand –

Schlieffen Plan –

Western Front / Trench Warfare –

Dardanelles Region Fighting –

Unrestricted sub warfare –

Russian Revolution (what happened, why) –

Vladimir Lenin –

League of Nations / Treaty of Versailles –

Major Problems with the peace process at the end of the war –

Chapter 35 – Fascism / Nazism

Be familiar with the differences/similarities with regard to the rise of dictators like Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union

Chapter 36 – WWI and its Effects on the Middle East & Asia

Keep in mind the compare/contrast essay question completed during this chapter. We focused on how East Asia (China and Japan), South Asia (India), and the Middle East were affected by World War I.

Chapter 37 – World War II

Japan invaded Manchuria in China – 1931 (Reasons why?)

The Rape of Nanjing –

Benito Mussolini – (who was he, what was he promising Italy?) –

German resentment towards the Treaty of Versailles

Sudetenland –

Neville Chamberlain –

Munich Agreement –

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (what were the terms, the impact felt around the world, etc) –

Blitzkrieg –

Battle of Britain -

Luftwaffe –

Lebensraum –

Operation Barbarossa –

Battles in Asia and the Pacific

Pearl Harbor (reasons for Japanese attack / results) –

Asia for Asians –

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere –

Battle of Stalingrad –

D-Day (Normandy Invasion) –

Dresden Bombing Campaign –

America’s Pacific Campaign –

Battle of Midway –

Iwo Jima and Okinawa (what did they demonstrate to Americans) –

Hiroshima & Nagasaki – (and what happened afterwards) –

The Holocaust

Groups targeted by the Nazis in the Holocaust: -

The “Final” Solution –

Women in combat –

Women on the “home front” (tasks, jobs, etc.) –

Comfort Women –

Yalta Agreement –

Potsdam Conference –

Iron curtain –

Truman Doctrine –

Marshall Plan –

NATO –

Warsaw Pact –

The United Nations – (purpose, members joined, etc.) –

Chapter 38 – The Cold War’s Origins

M.A.D. –

Korean War –

Containment Policy –

Domino Theory –

Fidel Castro –

Bay of Pigs Invasion –

Cuban Missile Crisis –

De-Stalinization –