9th Grade World History & Geography Midterm Study Guide
Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment
1. Old Science relied on this for its authority and teachings?
2. New Science relied on this for its authority and teachings?
3. The new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and willingness to question?
4. A step-by-step process of discovering scientific facts is called the…
5. Whose theory was considered revolutionary because it contradicted the teachings of classical thinkers?
6. Copernicus challenged the traditional European view of the universe by theorizing that…
7. Who explained the Law of Universal Gravitation?
8. A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems?
9. How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
10. Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow a government that violates their rights?
11. Who agreed with Locke in regard to a legitimate government comes from the consent of the governed (people)?
12. What were John Locke’s 3 natural rights that people had?
13. What were Hobbes and Rousseau’s beliefs on people and government?
14. Which Enlightenment thinker believed in the idea of separation of powers?
15. In her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal….
16. Which philosophes ideas greatly impacted the criminal justice system in places such as Europe and North America?
17. Why did Enlightenment thinker’s often face censorship?
18. What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society?
19. An enlightened despot was a ruler who?
20. The Russian monarch who expanded her/his empire and instituted reforms by studying the philosophes was?
21. The Austrian monarch who supported religious freedom was
22. What theory challenged the Heliocentric theory?
23. Between 1550 & 1789, Enlightenment ideas swept through what two areas?
24. What secretive meetings helped spread enlightenment thinking?
25. The philosophes used reason to address what and they also influenced which
Revolutions?
Government
26. In which government systems would people have the most opportunity to participate in the government?
27. How is power acquired in a presidential democracy?
28. In a dictatorship, how is power most likely acquired?
29. Know the requirements to vote in Ohio?
30. In what type of government does the ruler inherit their power?
31. A government system in which the national government shares powers with state
governments?
The French Revolution, Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna
32. The social and political system in use in France in the 1770s?
33. The Queen of France who spent so much money she increased the French debt was?
34. Who paid the majority of the taxes in France prior to the Revolution?
35. About what percentage of France’s population belonged to the Third Estate?
36. What class began the French Revolution?
37. What was the main goal of the French Revolution?
38. What was the slogan of the Revolution?
39. What ideals most influenced the leaders of the French Revolution?
40. What happened on July 14th, Bastille Day that became the symbol of the French
Revolution?
41. What did the women of Paris originally marched to Versailles in search of, they returned with the King and Queen?
42. This person claimed it was possible to build a “republic of virtue” by means of what became known as the Reign of Terror?
43. During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?
44. What does the word plebiscite mean?
45. The term used to describe the takeover of France by Napoleon in a sudden seizure of power?
46. Why did French voters support Napoleon’s decision to appoint himself emperor?
47. This established a new relationship between church and state; the government recognized the influence of the Church, but rejected Church control in national affairs?
48. What are some things Napoleon was able to accomplish during peacetime?
49. What did Napoleon set up to prevent trade between Great Britain and other European nations?
50. What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia?
51. What does the Hundred Days refer to?
52. Where was Napoleon’s last major defeat that ended his Hundred Days?
53. What were the series of meetings to set up policies to achieve security and peace in Europe?
54. Who was the main person responsible for the accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna?
55. Metternich’s principle advocating the restoration of royal authority was called?
56. What were some of the main goals of the Congress of Vienna?
57. What was the agreement by Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France to come to one another’s aid if there is a threat of peace from revolution or invasion?
Industrialization, Economics, & Economic Geography
58. Know the difference between Market (Capitalism), Traditional (Agricultural),Command (Communism) and Mixed Economies(Socialism)?
59. If a major oil producing country imposed an oil embargo on the US, how would the US economy be affected?
60. Which of the following types of economies is most likely to foster competition between business firms?
61. What are the goals of a mixed economy (socialism)?
62. What was the Industrial Revolution?
63. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
64. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe?
65. What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the World?
66. What is the laissez-faire policy?
67. What is the name for voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
68. How did the Industrial Revolution shift the world balance of power?
69. How did industrialization affect urbanization?
70. What were some of the effects of rapid urbanization in cities?
Imperialism
71. What is the economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations?
72. In terms of economics, what was one underlying cause of imperialism?
73. What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
74. Which European country in the late 19th century controlled so many colonies around the World that it was said the “sun never set” on its flag?
75. The term Raj is used to refer to the period of Indian history during which India was
76. What were regions of China in which Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia
dominated trade and investment?
Unification & Nationalism
77. What are some key characteristics nationalism?
78. What force tore apart century old empires, unified countries, and was opposed by
conservatives?
79. What was the significance of Bloody Sunday?
SHORT ANSWER
80. Why was the Church angry with Galileo?
81. List and explain why the Industrial Revolution originated where it did.
82. What was the significance for Russia and Japan and for the World with the result of the Russo-Japanese War?
EXTENDED RESPONSE
83. State 2 accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna that had a real and lasting value for the welfare of Europe. State 2 outcomes of the Congress of Vienna that were harmful to Europe’s future.
84. List 2 causes and 2 outcomes of imperialism.
85. How did feelings of nationalism lead to unification or collapse of a country? Explain 2 reasons