Name ______Period _____

8th Grade Social Studies - Final Exam Study Guide

Date of Final: TUESDAY, June 7th

Location of Final: ______

Items to Bring to Final:

  • This Final Review Packet100% completed
  • YOUR Social Studies textbook
  • A number 2 pencil
  • Other final exam study guides (if finished early)

Chapter 1

1. What is the difference between a primary and secondarysource? (p.20-21)
**What kind of source would probably be the MOST reliable about an event that happened 100 years ago? /
  1. A newspaper article published ONE year later
  2. An article written by the daughter of someone who was there
  3. A Wikipedia article
  4. A diary entry by someone who witnessed the event

2. How do historians deal with historical bias? (p.21)

Chapter 2

3. Explain the Columbian Exchange (p.71)
**Which of the following was a NEGATIVE result of the Columbian Exchange /
  1. Exchange of crops from New World to Old World
  2. Exchange of animals from Old World to New World
  3. Exchange of spices from New World to Old World
  4. Exchange of diseases from Old World to New World

Chapter 4

4. Why were the Middle Colonies known as the “Breadbasket” (p.111)
5. Describe representative government/democracy (p.90)
What examples can you point to of this in the early colonies?

Chapter 5

6. What was the MAIN reason for the French and Indian War? (p.141-142)
7. Why did the British establish the Proclamation of 1763? (p.147)
8. Why did Britain pass a series of tax laws in the English Colonies after the FrenchandIndianWar? (p.148)
9. Explain the phrase, “notaxationwithoutrepresentation”. (p.149)
**“No taxes ever have been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures”
-Stamp Act Congress, 1765 / What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this quotation?
  1. The colonial legislatures should be appointed by theKing with the consent of Parliament
  2. Only colonists elected representatives should have the power to collect taxes
  3. The King should have the right to collect taxes
  4. Colonists are opposed to all taxation

10. What were the most effective forms of colonial protest to the new taxes? (p.150-151, 156)

Chapter 6

11. What was the purpose of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet,Common Sense? (p.173)
12. A major argument for American Independence found in the Declaration of Independence was that the British… (p.175)
13. What prompted the French to join the Patriots? (p.184)
14. What was the most important advantage that Americans had that led their victory in the Revolutionary War (p.194)

Chapter 7

15. Why did many people call for changes to our 1st constitution – the
Articles of Confederation? (p.202)
**Which statement about REPRESENTATION was included in the US Constitution?
(p. 208) /
  1. States must be represented only by population
  2. Congress will have equal representatives from each state
  3. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land
  4. Congress will have two houses: one based on population, the other in which all states are equal

16. Why did Anti-federalists want a bill of rights added to the U.S. Constitution? (p.216)

Chapter 8

17. What kind of government does the US Constitution set up in the United States? (p.252-256) / A F______government with ______branches
18. Why was the amendment process included in the U.S. Constitution? (p.259)
19. Explain the roles of each branch of government:
Legislative, Judicial, Executive. (p.252-256)

Chapter 9

20. What does President George Washington say about foreign policy in his Farewell Address? (p.286)
21. Give a few examples of how President Washington strengthened the federal government. (p.279-281)
22.Identify what Alexander Hamiltondid to help the nation’s economy. (p.281)
23. What is the MAIN reason for the formation of the first two politicalpartiesin America in the 1790’s? (p.289)
24. Describe how Jefferson and the Republicans responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts. (p.293)

Chapter 10

25. What important Judicial power was established in the Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison? (p. 304)
26. Give a few examples of Thomas Jefferson’s democratic style demonstrated during his time as President. (p.303-305)
27. Why was the Louisiana Purchase from France significant? (p.308)
28. What was the impact of the LewisandClarkExpedition? (p.308-310)
29.What contributed to American patriotism during theWarof1812? (p.322-324)

Chapter 12

30. Describe the main idea of “JacksonianDemocracy”. (p.363)
31.What type of people would have supported Andrew Jackson? (p.364)
32. Describe how the spoils system worked. (p.366)
33. Describe why Andrew Jackson was against theNationalBank of the United States. (p.367)
34. What is the purpose of a protectivetariff? (p.370)
35. What caused South Carolina to pass the Nullification Act? (p.371)

Chapter 13

36. Why did the Oregonterritory appeal to settlers? (p.380-381)
37. What caused Americans living in Texas to go to warwithMexico? (p.386)
38. How did the events at the Alamo affect Texans? (p.388)
39. Identify a few results of the MexicanWar. (p.396-397)
40. Explain the idea of the Manifest Destiny. (p.393)
41. Why did the Mormons move to Utah? (p.399)
42. What effect did the discovery of goldinCalifornia in 1849 have on westward expansion? (p.400)

Chapter 14

43. As industry in the U.S. grew during the early 1800s, what role did immigrants play in the economy? (p.415)
44. Why were sectional differences developing the United States?
45. Explain the connection between CottonSlavery; and why the expanded in the South and not the North. (p.419)
46. What was the purpose of the “SlaveCodes”? (p.424)
47. How did enslaved African-Americans resist and
fightbackagainstslavery?
(p.426)

Chapter 15

48. TheSenecaFallsConventionwas mainly concerned with what? (p.445)
49. Identify 3 of the major areasofreform in the mid-1800s (not including abolition). (p.436)
50.Who was FrederickDouglass? (p.440)
51. Who was SojournerTruth? (p.445)
52. Why is HarrietTubmanfamous? (p.441)

Chapter 16

53. How were theFreeSoilParty and the Republican Party alike? (p.463)
54.Some people wanted the slavery issue to be decided in the new territories by “PopularSovereignty”, which would mean what? (p.461/462)
55.What was the1850FugitiveSlaveAct? (p.465)
56. What popularbook was written in response to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act? (p.466)
57. Why did Kansas get the nickname “BleedingKansas”? (p.470)
58. What decision did the Supreme Court reach in the DredScott case AND how did this decision impact Congress’s ability to decide the slavery issue out West? (p.471/472)
** “Compromise Enables Main and Missouri to Enter the Union”
“CA admitted as a Free State”
“Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets up Popular Sovereignty” / Which issue is reflected in these headlines?
A. enactment of protective tariffs
B. extension of slavery
C. voting rights for minorities
D. universal public education
59. Why were the Lincoln-Douglas debates important for Lincoln? (p.475)
60. In his “HouseDivided” speech, what does Abe Lincoln suggest? (p.473)
61. Entering the Civil War, Abe Lincoln makes his primary goal as president clear – what is it? (p.480)
62. Which occurs first: Abe Lincoln’s election OR Civil War? (p.481)
  1. Increased sectionalism
  2. Disagreement over states’ rights
  3. Breakdown of Compromise
  4. Election of 1860
/ Which title best accompanies a-d in the left box?
A. Start of the Revolutionary War
B. Adoption of the Bill of Rights
C. Failure of the Whiskey Rebellion
D. Secession of the Southern States from the Union

Chapter 17

63. Identify the mainCONFEDERATEStrengths during the Civil War. (p.487/488)
64. Identify the mainUNION
Strengthsduring the Civil War. (p.487/488)
65. The North’s rapid economic growth during the Civil War was stimulated by what? (p.503)
66.Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg so important? (p.505)
67. What do many historians consider the turning pointbattle for the Union of the Civil War? (p.506)
68. What is Ulysses S. Grant’s plan to end the Civil War? (p.508)