8th Grade Cumulative Formative Assessment 3 Study Guide
Water Cycle
Draw a diagram of the water cycle. You must use the following vocabulary on your diagram
Evaporation, Condensation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Runoff, Infiltration, Sublimation
What is the difference between evaporation and condensation?
Condensationis the change from a vapor to a condensed state (solid or liquid).Evaporationis the change of a liquid to a gas.
Layers of the atmosphere
What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen and oxygen.
In which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere are meteoroids broken up?
Mesosphere
Convection Currents
What affect do ocean currents have on coastal areas?
Warm and coldocean currents can affectthe climate of anareaalong thecoastif the winds blow in from theocean. Warmocean currentsheat the air above thewaterand carry the warm air to the land, increasing the temperature of thecoastal region.
Ocean breezes can occur when the land heats up quicker than the ocean. The warm air moves from the land to the ocean and cold air moves inland to replace the warm air creating an ocean breeze.
Describe the movement of heat in the atmosphere and oceans?
As the Earth rotates at an angle the Equator gains more heat than the Northern nad Southern areas of the earth. Warm currents will flow to where there is cold air/water.High pressure systems will move to low pressure areas.
What is the impact of the Gulf Stream on Western Europe? The warmer waters bring a milder climate to Western Europe.
What is the impact of the Coriolis Effect on ocean currents and wind?
Earth’s rotation causes currents and winds in the Northern Hemisphere to deflect to the right and in the Southern Hemisphere to deflect to the left.
Weather maps and air pressure
What do isobars represent on a weather map?
Lines of equal atmospheric pressure.
How would you identify and cold front on a weather map?
Cold fronts are symbolized by blue triangles on a line
Describe the weather you would experience in a high pressure system.
You would experience clear skies, little to no precipitation and larger temperature changes between day and night.
Describe the weather you would experience in a low pressure system
Lowpressuresystems are associated with clouds and precipitation that minimize temperature changes throughout the day,
Atoms and molecules
In which layer of an atom are electrons transferred to and from?
Electrons are transferred to and from the outer layer of an electron.
What are the differences between an element, molecule, compound?
An elementis a substance consisting of a single type of atom.
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound. They are made up of two or more atoms and the atoms can be the same or different.
A compound is a chemical substance formed when two or more different elements bond in a specific proportion.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of many different elements that are not chemically combined
Natural Selection and Evolution
Name 3 examples of homologous structures in animals.
Arm/wing/flipper
What does a branching tree diagram or cladogram show?
A branching tree diagram shows which organisms have a common ancestor.