Appendix A
Characters for grouse. Characters treated as ordered (Wilkinson 1992) are indicated, as is their classification as courtship (C) or non-courtship (N). Character states are also shown.
Char. # / Ordered / Class / State 0 / State 1 / State 2 / State 3 / State 4 / State 5 / State 61 / extensible pinnae / C / absent / present
2 / expandable throat sac / C / absent / present
3 / expandable throat sac color / C / absent / yellow / red / purple
4 / wrist/axillary patch / C / absent / present
5 / elongate neck feathers / C / absent / present
6 / enlarged eyecomb / C / absent / yellow / red
7 / beard / C / absent / present
8 / back / C / cryptic (barred) / cryptic (spotted) / cryptic (variegate) / white / black
9 / white spots on sides of back / C / absent / present
10 / crown / C / cryptic / white / cinnamon / black / gray
11 / wings / C / cryptic (barred) / cryptic (spotted) / cryptic (other) / white / black
12 / wing bars / C / absent / single bar / three bars
13 / chin / C / cryptic (barred) / cryptic (spotted) / cryptic (other) / cinnamon / white / black / gray
14 / breast / C / cryptic (barred) / cryptic (spotted) / cryptic (chevroned) / cryptic (other) / white / black / gray
15 / belly / C / cryptic (barred) / cryptic (spotted) / cryptic (chevroned) / cryptic (other) / white / black / gray
16 / shape of displayed tail / C / pointed / small fan / large fan / large fan, separated / wide, low fan / forked
17 / light terminal tail band / C / absent / present
18 / subterminal tail band / C / absent / black
19 / sub-subterminal tail band / C / absent / present
20 / long cervical filoplumes / C / absent / present
21 / short, white, scale-like feathers on upper breast / C / absent / present
22 / white streaks on lower neck / C / absent / present
23 / white necklace / C / absent / present
24 / superciliary line / C / absent / present
25 / dark, subocular line / C / absent / present
26 / strutting / C / absent / present
27 / foot stamping / C / absent / present
28 / running / C / absent / present
29 / parallel walking/running / C / absent / present
30 / display tail movement / C / absent / spreading / lateral / up/down / asymmetric spreading
31 / tail acoustics / C / absent / present
32 / asymmetry ("tilting") / C / absent / present
33 / bowing posture / C / absent / present
34 / head wagging / C / absent / present
35 / head bowing (repeated) / C / absent / present
36 / head elevation / C / absent / present
37 / rotational head shake / C / absent / present
38 / neck-ruffing / C / absent / present
39 / throat display / C / absent / present
40 / wing flapping / C / absent / present
41 / wing acoustics / C / absent / present
42 / wing droop / C / absent / present
43 / jumping / C / absent / present
44 / Display flight / N / absent / present
45 / toe feathers / N / absent / present
46 / natal chestnut crown / N / absent / present
47 / natal crown border / N / absent / weak / incomplete / strong
48 / anterior border of natal crown patch / N / absent / round / flat / V-shaped
49 / natal upper forehead V / N / absent / present
50 / natal lower forehead pattern / N / absent / single spot / multiple spots / upside-down V / central stripe
51 / natal black stripe on nape / N / absent / present
52 / chestnut back / N / absent / present
53 / natal light back stripes / N / absent / present
54 / natal borders on light back stripes / N / absent / present / strong
55 / egg color / N / white / yellow / brown / red / green / buff
56 / egg spotting / Yes / N / absent / slight / moderate / heavy
57 / preferred breeding habitat / N / tundra / coniferous forest / hardwood or mixed forest / grassland / desert scrub
58 / clutch size1 / Yes / N / < 6.6 / 6.6 x < 8 / 8 x < 10.1 / 10.1 x
59 / incubation time2 / Yes / N / 24 days / 24 days / 24 days
1Variation in average clutch size reported by Johnsgard (1983, Table 8) was represented as four discrete categories which divided the range of average clutch sizes evenly.
2Variation in incubation times was based on the range data from Johnsgard (1983, Table 7).