21St Century Instructional Guide for Career Technical Education s6
21st Century Instructional Guide for Career Technical Education
Medical Assistant Pharmacology
Health Science Education Cluster
Title: / Medical Assistant Pharmacology (0734)Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.1 / Introduction
Students will understand the history and source of drugs.
Essential
Question: / From the beginning, herbs have been used as drugs. Would the United States benefit from more research and development in the use of herbs as main remedies?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.1.1 / determine the meaning of drugs and establish their origin and use. / meaning of drugs
· establish their origin
· establish their use
Review the uses of drugs including therapeutic uses, diagnostic used, curative uses, replacement uses, and preventative or prophylactic uses, giving examples of each.
Possible assignment activity: research the origin of drugs using the Internet and prepare a written report.
HSE.O.MAP.1.2 / compare the three types of drug names. / compare the three types of drug names
· chemical
· generic
· trade or brand name
HSE.O.MAP.1.3 / examine four sources of drugs and provide
examples. / Four sources of drugs
· animal sources
· mineral sources
· laboratory sources
· plant sources (herbal)
Possible assignment activities: internet search for
examples of sources of drugs; presentation on
herbal supplements use in treatment, prophylaxis,
and maintenance of health and illness.
HSE.O.MAP.1.4 / determine the three forms in which drugs
are prepared, choosing examples and the
route of administration for each. / three basic forms in which drugs are prepared, choosing examples and the route of administration
· liquids
· solids
· semisolids
Possible assignment activity: prepare a pictorial presentation depicting examples of all three forms of drugs, with possible routes of administration.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.2 / Drug References
Students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in the use of the PDR and other reference sources.
Essential
Question: / Why is the proper use of drug references so vital in pharmacology?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.2.1 / determine three types of drug reference
books. / types of drug reference books
· Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)
· United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary
· Compendium of Drug Therapy
· Drug Handbooks such as Nursing Drug Handbooks
HSE.O.MAP.2.2 / examine and differentiate the sections of a PDR. / examine and differentiate the PDR sections
· section 1 – alphabetical arrangement by manufacturers
· section 2 – brand name and generic name
· section 3 – classification or category
· section 4 – product identification guide
· section 5 – product information
HSE.O.MAP.2.3 / differentiate the format of the PDR’s product
information section. / format of the PDR’s product information section
· description
· clinical pharmacology
· indications
· contraindications
· warnings
· precautions
· adverse reactions
· dosage and administration
· how supplied
HSE.O.MAP.2.4 / demonstrate the procedure for using a PDR. / demonstrate the procedure for using a PDR
Possible assignment activities: utilize PDRs for students to follow while demonstrating the steps for locating information about a drug; Look up a drug together in class.
Assign the students to look up 5 common drugs and list specific information about each drug.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.3 / Agencies and Safety Guidelines
Students will identify the legal and ethical implication of medication administration.
Essential
Question: / Should terminally ill patients have access to experimental drugs?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.3.1 / determine the role of the FDA. / role of the FDA
Use the Internet site www.fda.gov for the slide presentation on an overview of the FDA. (After going to the site, search the site for “an overview of FDA”.)
HSE.O.MAP.3.2 / examine the drug approval process. / examine the drug approval process
Possible assignment activity: research the steps for drug approval at www.fda.gov)
HSE.O.MAP.3.3 / relate the function of the Drug Enforcement
Agency and the purpose of the Controlled
Substance Act. / function of the Drug Enforcement Agency
purpose of the Controlled Substance Act
Possible assignment activity: Using cooperative groups, research the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, reviewing the Act and its purposes.
HSE.O.MAP.3.4 / determine the meaning of a controlled
substance. / meaning of a controlled substance
· define controlled substance
· impact of drug dependency
HSE.O.MAP.3.5 / recognize five schedules of controlled
substances, providing examples of each.
. / five schedules of controlled substances
· Schedule I – examples are heroin, LSD
· Schedule II – examples are cocaine, amphetamines
· Schedule III – examples are barbituates as well as codeine and paregoric combination drugs
· Schedule IV – examples are chloral hydrate, diazepam
· Schedule V – examples are Lomotil, Donnagel
HSE.O.MAP.3.6 / select the proper method for storing and
dispensing a controlled substance. / proper method for storing a controlled substance
proper method for dispensing a controlled substance
HSE.O.MAP.3.7 / implement the documentation associated
with controlled substances.
. / documentation associated with controlled substances
· inventories and records of controlled substances must be maintained separately from all other records
· the record of administration must be maintained daily and kept for 2 – 3 years, according to state law
· Schedule II drugs stored and used must be counted at the end of each workday, verified by two workers for accuracy and recorded on an audit sheet
· if a drug is dropped or spilled, a witness should verify the action and document
Possible assignment activities: conduct an Internet
search for information on “record keeping for
controlled substances” and documentation; utilizing
one of the selected sites, prepare forms that
may be used in the record keeping process for
controlled substances.
HSE.O.MAP.3.8 / examine the legal considerations associated
with controlled substances and prescription
pads. / legal considerations associated with
· controlled substances
· prescription pads
Contrast handwritten prescriptions with computer
generated prescriptions in reference to legal
considerations.
HSE.O.MAP.3.9 / choose the professions that can legally
prescribe medication. / professions that can legally prescribe medication
· physicians
· physician assistants
· nurse practitioners
Differentiate between the terms prescribe, dispense, and administer.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.4 / Medication Orders and Prescriptions
Students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in the interpretation and documentation of medication orders, including the parts of a prescription.
Essential
Question: / Schedule II controlled substances must have a written prescription and it cannot be renewed. Is this practice effective in preventing drug abuse of those controlled substances?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.4.1 / determine the meaning of common
pharmacology terms. / common pharmacology terms
· administer
· adverse reactions
· ampule
· anaphylaxis
· buccal
· contraindication
· dispense
· indications
· narcotic
· over-the-counter (OTC)
· prescribe
· prescription
· sublingual
· suppository
· topical
· transdermal
· vial
HSE.O.MAP.4.2 / differentiate the information found on a prescription form. / information found on a prescription form
· physician’s name, address, telephone number, and registration number
· patient’s name, address, and the date of the prescription
· superscription
· inscription
· subscription
· signature (sig)
· physician’s signature blank – DAW or generic
· refills
· label
HSE.O.MAP.4.3 / utilize prescription abbreviation. / prescription abbreviations
Examine JCAHO’s website and find the DO NOT USE list for abbreviations that have been banned as part of JCAHO’s 2004 patient safety goals. Propose a reason for the banning of each abbreviation.
HSE.O.MAP.4.4 / interpret medication orders. / interpret medication orders
Practice interpreting sample prescriptions.
HSE.O.MAP.4.5 / examine the prescription guidelines for
controlled substances. / examine the prescription guidelines for controlled substances
· Schedule I – not accepted for medical use in U.S.
· Schedule II – written prescription required, cannot be renewed
· Schedule III – written or oral prescription, may be refilled only five times within six months
· Schedule IV – written or oral, refills limited to five times within six months
· Schedule V – written or oral, refills limited to five times within six months
HSE.O.MAP.4.6 / demonstrate the proper procedure for
phoning in prescription orders. / demonstrate the proper procedure for phoning in prescription orders
Role play phoning in prescription orders and critique each other.
Guest speaker: Pharmacist
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.5 / Drug Classification and Actions
Students will:
· identify classification of drugs.
· demonstrate knowledge in factors that affect drug action.
· demonstrate knowledge in the undesirable actions of given drugs.
Essential
Question: / How does the legal classification of drugs help with compliance of state and federal regulations regarding the distribution and administration of medications?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.5.1 / examine how drugs are classified. / drugs are classified
· drugs used to treat or prevent disease
· drugs that cause a principal action on the body
· drugs that act on a specific body system or organ
· drugs prepared in the same form.
HSE.O.MAP.5.2 / classify drugs using reference books. / classify drugs using reference books
· review use of the PDR
· Nursing Drug Handbook
HSE.O.MAP.5.3 / relate therapeutic action of specific
classifications of drugs. / therapeutic action of specific classifications
· analgesics.
· anesthetics
· antacids
· antianxiety
· antiarrhythmic
· antibiotic
· anticholesterol
· anticoagulant
· anticonvulsant
· antidepressant
· antidiarrheal
· antidote
· antiemetic
· antihistamine
· antihypertensive
· antiinflammatory
· antineoplastic
· antipsychotic
· antitussive
· bronchodilator
· contraceptive
· decongestant
· diuretic
· expectorant
· hypnotic
· hypoglycemic
· laxative
· muscle relaxant
· sedative
· vasodilator
· vasopressor
Review factors that affect drug action such as absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination.
HSE.O.MAP.5.4 / compare therapeutic action and side effects
of specific drugs. / therapeutic action and side effects of specific drugs
Possible assignment activity: conduct an online search for the most recent list of the top 50 prescribed medications in the U.S.; prepare a report that compares the side effects and therapeutic actions of the top 10 medications.
HSE.O.MAP.5.5 / determine common contraindications. / common contraindications
· a known hypersensitivity to drug
· impaired liver function
· impaired renal function
· pregnancy and lactation
HSE.O.MAP.5.6 / examine precautions and adverse reactions
of specific drugs. / precautions and adverse reactions of specific drugs
Review precautions and adverse reactions as presented in the PDR and utilize same drugs as used in objective 5.4.
HSE.O.MAP.5.7 / select the classification, action, and side
effects of OTC drugs. / classification, action, and side effects of OTC drugs
Select common OTC drugs from the PDR for Nonprescription Drugs and examine the classification, action, and side effects of each. OTC drugs to include Tylenol, Aleve, Claritin, Advil, Mylanta, ferrous sulfate, Benadryl, Tagamet, Robitussin, and Metamucil.
HSE.O.MAP.5.8 / assess alternative medication and their
action. / alternative medication and their action
Discussion of alternative medications may include St. John’s Wort, Black Cohosh, Melatonin, Willow Bark, Echinacea, Glucosamine, Ginseng, and Gingko biloba.
HSE.O.MAP.5.9 / evaluate drug interactions and their
consequences. / drug interactions and their consequences
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.6 / Pharmacology Measurement
Students will apply mathematical:
· computations related to dosage calculations.
· principles to conversion equations used in pharmacology.
Essential
Question: / What would be the effect on the medical field if all medications were prescribed only using the apothecary system?
How much do medication errors cause health insurance rates to increase?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.6.1 / compare the systems of measure commonly
used in pharmacology. / compare systems of measure
· metric
· household
· apothecary systems.
Using an apothecary metric conversion clock is an effective way to assistant students to visualize equivalents.
Utilizing an apothecary/household to metrics equivalents table is useful for this section.
Remind students apothecary is not widely used.
HSE.O.MAP.6.2 / differentiate metric units of measure,
household units of measure and the
apothecary units of measure. / differentiate
· metric units
· household units
· apothecary units
HSE.O.MAP.6.3 / use and interpret metric, household and
apothecary abbreviations. / use and interpret
· metric abbreviations
· household abbreviations
· apothecary abbreviations
HSE.O.MAP.6.4 / utilize the fundamental units of the metric
system. / fundamental units of the metric system
· basic unit for volume is liter
· basic unit for weight is gram
· prefixes used with basic units are kilo-, milli-, and micro-
HSE.O.MAP.6.5 / convert quantities between the systems of
measure. / convert quantities between systems of measure
Solve conversion problems and review the equivalents tables; instruct its use in conversions.
HSE.O.MAP.6.6 / demonstrate the ability to use decimals,
fractions, ratios, and proportions. / use decimals, fractions, ratios, and proportions
Review basic math skills and provide sample math problems for practice.
HSE.O.MAP.6.7 / demonstrate the ability to solve for x. / solve for x
Review basic math skills and provide students with math problems solving for x.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MAP.7 / Dosage Calculations
Students will calculate drug dosages for both adults and children.
Essential
Question: / Does knowledge of various methods used for calculation of children’s drug dosages ensure the child will be given the correct medication dose?
Objective Number: / Objective: / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MAP.7.1 / select steps in the calculation of drug
doses. / steps in the calculation of drug doses
HSE.O.MAP.7.2 / interpret medication labels. / interpret medication labels
· name and address of the manufacturer
· trade or brand name of the medication
· generic name (or listing of active and inactive ingredients)
· dosage strength in a given amount
· usual dosage and frequency of administration
· route of administration
· precautions and warnings
· expiration date
HSE.O.MAP.7.3 / compare the medication label information to