Biology 123 Dr. Raut’s Class
Session 3- 1/21/2015
1. What are the four ways that carbon skeletons can vary that allow it to make so many different molecules?
2. What are isomers? What are the three different kinds of isomers?
3. Name and draw all of the functional groups, and also list its key function in biological molecules.
4. What are the four macromolecules? Which one are considered polymers and why?
5. How are monomers connected? How are they broken apart?
6. How are sugars classified?
7. What is the linkage between two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide (or multiple in a polysaccharide)? How is this created?
8. What are the storage polysaccharides, and where are they found in nature?
9. What are the structural polysaccharides, and where are they found in nature?
10. Why are we able to digest starch but not able to digest cellulose?
12. Draw the basic structure of a triglycerol.
13. What makes a fat saturated or unsaturated? How does this affect the molecule?
14. Draw the basic structure of a phospholipid.
15. Where are phospholipids mainly used in your body?
16. What is the starting material for all steroids? What is the basis for this structure?
17. What is the name for the monomers that make up a polypeptide chain? Draw out the structure and label its parts.
18. What kind of bonds do amino acids form with each other and how?
19. Define primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
20. List and explain he eight different functions a protein can perform.
21. Which of the following did the results of Stanley Miller’s experiments support?
a. abiotic synthesis of organic compounds
b. possible first stage in the origin of life
c. mechanism
d. vitalism
e. Answers a, b, and c are correct.
22. Which statement is not true about structural isomers?
a. They have different chemical properties.
b. They have the same molecular formula.
c. Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.
d. They are a result of restricted movement around a carbon double bond.
e. Their possible numbers increase as carbon skeletons increase in size.
23. Which of the following molecules provides the most energy (kcal/g) when eaten and digested?
a. glucose
b. starch
c. glycogen
d. fat
e. protein
24. What happens when a protein denatures?
a. Its primary structure is disrupted.
b. Its secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted.
c. It always flips inside out.
d. It hydrolyzes into component amino acids.
e. Its hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, and peptide bonds are disrupted.