Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide

Name______Per______

Review

1.  REVIEW: p. 41 Sketch a phospholipid bilayer: (label the hydrophilic heads and the hydrophobic tails)

2.  p. 54 Now draw in some proteins in the phospholipid membrane and label.

3.  Read p. 75 (section 5.2)- From what we learned in Chapter 3 about lipids, why do phospholipids and water, when shaken together, form water-filled bubbles?

READ p. 74 Section 7.1

1.  Why is the plasma membrane described as “fluid mosaic?”

READ p. 75 Section 7.3

If green dye is permeable to a membrane, describe how diffusion works to move it across a membrane. Make a sketch. Also use the terms diffusion, concentration gradient, and passive transport.

List at least three substances that could move by passive transport through a plasma membrane:

Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 2

READ p. 76-77

1.  Define: osmosis

2.  What does it mean to move “down the gradient?”

3.  In the top diagram describe why the water moved the direction it did. In the bottom diagram explain which side of the membrane has more “bound” water molecules and which has more “free” water molecules. Label which side of the membrane is hypertonic, which is hypotonic.

4.  Define: tonicity

5.  Describe the surrounding solution to a cell if it is:
A. isotonic

B. hypotonic

C. hypertonic

6.  What is osmoregulation? Give an example.

7.

Using the above diagram as a guide, why do we water plants Why is our blood a little salty (0.9% salt)? What does that imply about the concentration of solutes inside the cell?

Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 3

8. How can polar or charged substances can cross the plasma membrane ?

9. List four substances that use a protein (facilitated diffusion) to cross a membrane?

10. What does an aquaporin transport? This was discovered by Peter Agre in 2003 (Nobel Prize winner). See p. 78 What type of cells would most likely have aquaporins?

11. It used to be thought that water just diffused through the plasma membrane. What advantage is the aquaporin over simple membrane diffusion?

READ p.78

1.  How is active transport different from passive transport? What special molecule is needed?

2.  What does “against the gradient” mean?

3.  In Fig. 5.8 what part of the ATP molecule is transferred to the transport protein? What does this cause the protein to do?

4.  In the diagram to the right, label:

a.  Passive Transport -PT

b.  Active Transport –AT

c.  Facilitated Diffusion- FD

d.  Diffusion - D

5.  Bulk transport would also be known as

______.

6.  MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

_____endocytosis A. specially shaped molecules in the membrane, when

_____phagocytosis filled form a pit, closes to form a vesicle

_____pinocytosis B. export of bulky materials out of the cell

_____receptor-mediated endocytosis C. cell “gulps” tiny droplets of liquid into the cell

_____exocytosis D. a cell takes in large molecules via a depression,

vesicle forming

E. engulfing a particle, wrapping its membrane around

Honors Biology Study Guide 5 p. 4

READ pp. 80-81

1.  MATCHING:

_____heat A. potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

_____entropy B. the capacity to do work

_____cellular respiration C. energy of motion

_____thermodynamics D. energy associated with random movement of atoms

_____1st Law of E. measure of disorder

Thermodynamics F. energy due to location or structure

_____2nd Law of G. energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe

Thermodynamics H. energy in the universe is constant

_____energy I. study of energy transformations in a collection of matter

_____kinetic energy J. cells use oxygen to release energy from fuel molecules

_____potential energy

_____chemical energy

READ p. 81

Fill out the chart:

Exergonic Reaction / Begins with reactants whose bonds contain more energy than the products
Requires input of energy / Photosynthesis is an example (takes in sunlight to produce energy-rich molecules

Define: metabolism

What is a “metabolic pathway?”

What is “energy coupling?”

READ p. 82

1.  Draw a sketch of ATP. Draw a sketch of ADP.

2.  What charge are the phosphates?______Are these bonds stable or unstable?______

Can these bonds be easily broken?______What process would do this?______

3.  Is the process of ATP forming ADP endogonic or exergonic?______

4.  Define: phosphorylation

5.  Is ATP renewable?______Draw a sketch of the flow of energy forming ATP and ADP:

Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 5

READ p. 83

1.  Why does not wood just burst into flames or a protein just break down?

2.  What is activation energy?

3.  What are enzymes? How do they change the EA?

4.  In the graph label “With” the line that would be with an enzyme.

Label “Without” the line that would represent without an enzyme.

Circle where the activation energy would be on each line.

READ p. 84

1.  Are enzymes specific or general on the substances they work?

2.  What does it mean that the enzyme has an “induced fit” to the substrate?

3.  What are some factors that affect the function of an enzyme?

4.  How are cofactors and coenzymes alike? Different? Give examples of each:

READ p. 85

How do each of these inhibitors alter the work of an enzyme?

Competetive inhibitor noncompetetive inhibitor feedback inhibitor