1st Semester Final Exam Review
World Religions
What does “Islam” mean in Arabic?
“Submission to the will of Allah”
What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?
He was the last and greatest of the prophets.
What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammad is qualified to be a caliph?
Shi’a
What are the Five Pillars of Islam? Define and list.
The major duties required of all Muslims
· Pilgrimage
· Alms giving
· Faith
· Prayer
· Fasting
What system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct, and the business and community life of Muslims?
Shari’a
What is a Muslim house of worship called?
Mosque
How did the Muslim Empire treat conquered peoples?
Their religions were tolerated, but restrictions and taxes were imposed.
Founder: / Religion:Abraham / Judaism
Jesus Christ / Christianity
Siddhartha Gautama / Buddhism
Muhammad / Islam
Deities / Religion:
Allah / Islam
Yahweh / Judaism
Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva / Hinduism
No personal god / Confucianism
Holy Book: / Religion:
Qur’an / Islam
Torah / Judaism
The Analects / Confucianism
Bible / Christianity
Symbol: / Religion: / Symbol: / Religion:
Confucianism / Judaism
Islam / Hinduism
Basic Beliefs / Religion:
Persons achieve complete peace and happiness, known as nirvana, by eliminating their attachment to worldly things; Nirvana is reached by following the Eightfold Path and the Four Noble Truth. / Buddhism
The soul never dies, but is continually reborn; persons achieve happiness and enlightenment by freeing themselves from earthly desires; freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts; polytheistic / Hinduism
Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on strong family relationships; respect for parents and elders is important to a well ordered society; education is important both to the welfare of the individual and society / Confucianism
There is only one god who watches over and cares for his people; god loves and protects his people, but also hold people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; persons serve god by studying the sacred text and living by the teachings of Jesus Christ / Christianity
East Asia
How did Genghis Khan succeed as a conqueror?
through brilliant military strategy and organization
What helped China to become the greatest sea power in the world under Song leadership?
the invention of the magnetic compass
What characteristic of the Mongol Empire has never been repeated?
The Mongol Empire was the largest unified land empire in history.
What created an intelligent, capable governing class in China?
the civil service examination system
Why was the Khmer city-and-temple complex Angkor Wat built?
It was a symbolic mountain built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu.
Middle Ages
Who was the leader who brought Christianity to the Franks?
Clovis
During the Middle Ages, who was the lowest-ranking members of the clergy?
Priests
What is canon law?
deals with issues under the authority of The Church.
What achievement is Charlemagne most remembered by?
Building an empire larger than any since Rome.
According to the code of chivalry, what did a knight fought for?
His lady
His feudal lord
His heavenly Lord
What was the agreement between a lord and a vassal?
That the lord would grant the vassal land in exchange for military service.
What is another term for serf?
Peasant
What were the forces holding feudal society together?
A set of mutual social obligations and the teachings of the Church
How were feudalism and the manor system related? (Hint: Which was the social order and which was the economic support?)
Feudalism was a social order, and the manor system was the economic arrangement that supported it.
How did the status of women change during the Middle Ages? What event caused it?
Noble women gained power by ruling when their husbands went on Crusade.
What document limited the power of the English King?
Magna Carta
Who forced whom to sign the Magna Carta?
The English nobility forced King John to sign.
What was the chief goal of the Crusades?
To recover Jerusalem and the Hold Land from the Muslim Turks
What was the effect of the three-field system?
Framers produced more food and villagers had more to eat.
Which of the following best describes the nature of a guild?
An association of people who worked at the same occupation
What was the major cause of the Great Schism of the 14th century?
Arguments over which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?
Parliament
What group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?
Traders
What war ended the Middle Ages?
Hundred Years’ War
Writers began writing in the everyday language of the people, which is known as
Vernacular
What issue led to both the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament?
How to end taxation without representation
Africa & Early Americans
What African city controlled trade routes and was the economic, political, and religious center of an empire?
Great Zimbabwe
The Swahili language developed from a mixture of what languages?
Arabic and Bantu languages
What did Portugal's initial interest in Africa mostly seem to concern?
trade
What Mississippian structure might have been influenced by Mesoamerican culture?
the 100-foot high, flat-topped pyramids of the Mississippian
What caused the decline of the Inca Empire?
struggle between rivals for the Inca throne.
Did the decline of the Maya occurred because of the arrival of the Spanish? Why or why not?
Decline occurred several hundred years before the Spanish arrived in the Americas.
How did the Aztec please the gods?
Human sacrifice
Renaissance
The period of European history known as the Renaissance began in what area of Europe?
Italy
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
Art and learning
What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
The Bible
In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.
What is a synonym for secular?
Worldly
What was essential to have in order to become an important patron?
Wealth
Besides valuing the individual, what other value did the humanists embrace?
Classical Greek and Roman culture.
During the Enlightenment , what did the word “utopia” came to mean?
“An ideal place.”
We learned that the Chinese invented the printing press. Who perfected it in Europe?
Johann Gutenberg.
What are the names of the following pieces of art and who created them?
Michelangelo’s Van Eyck’s Leonardo da Vinci’s Michelangelo’s
La Pieta The Arnolfini Marriage Mona Lisa David
Exploration
Which nation did Prince Henry help to take the lead in overseas exploration?
Portugal
In the 1400s, what was the most important trade good from the East?
Spices
Bartolomeu Dias captained the first European ship to sail what route?
Along the West Coast of Africa
What did Vasco da Gama succeed in gaining for Portugal?
A sea route between Portugal and India
The Line of Demarcation established a boundary between which two regions in the new world?
Lands Portugal could claim and those Spain could claim
What were Europeans’ main motives for making voyages of exploration?
To grow wealthy and spread Christianity
Who conquered the Aztec empire?
Hernando Cortes
Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?
An island in the Caribbean Sea
As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried from Europe to the New World?
Livestock
Tobacco
Potatoes
Tomatoes
What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease in Latin America?
A severe shortage of labor in the colonies
According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a nation increase its wealth?
It should sell more goods than it buys from other countries.
Identify the countries listed below on the map. Color coding is a helpful study tool.
A. England / G. IrelandB. France / H. Russia
C. Germany / I. Switzerland
D. Italy / J. Portugal
E. Greece / K. Poland
F. Spain