1920s and 30s Notes and Handouts
Labour Unrest
______– many veterans are returning home to find their jobs no longer exist – felt they were entitled to work after they had fought for their country
Those lucky enough to have a ______– not paid ______
War caused massive ______and wages did not match ______
No ______insurance, No compensation for injuries, poor working conditions – lead to formation of ______
______joined new Trade Unions in hopes of a better working life
Because of Labour Laws, employers not obliged to bargain with unions – The only way to get a point across was to ______
Strikes and Lockouts in Canada
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Year
1917
1918
1919
Number of Strikes
160
230
326
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The Threat of Trade Unions
in 1917, a group called the ______overthrew the Russian Government and imposed a system of ______through violent revolt
Believed that ______in the community should be an ______part of the economic process – stressed the power of the ______
Many trade union______and working class identified with and were influenced by these ideas – ______o Canadian government
Canadian Government suspicious of ‘______’ who may have brought ‘______to Canada
Calgary 1919 – Western Canadian Trade Unions met
To improve working conditions, workers had to join into One Big Union.
Force higher ______, better ______and shorter working ______.
Winnipeg General Strike
For ______in the summer of ______the city ofWinnipeg, Manitobawas crippled by a massive and dramatic general strike.
Frustrated by ______, inflation, poor working conditions and regional disparities afterWorld War I, workers from both the ______and ______joined forces to shut down or drastically ______most ______.
The workers were orderly and peaceful, but the reaction from the employers, ______and the ______government was ______.
The strike ended in "______" when the Royal North-West ______attacked a gathering of strike supporters.
______strikers were ______30 wounded and many arrested. Workers won little in the ______, and it was another ______before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada
Cape Breton Coal Miners Strike
Read “Blood on the Coal” and answer the questions on the sheet provided.
Due tomorrow
1 Why did James Mclachlan come to Canada?
2. Describe life as a labourer working for the Dominion Coal Company.
3. What prevented the miners from joining any unions?
4. Why were the odds stacked against the P.W.A.?
5. How did the Dominion Coal Co. fight the striker's?
6. What finally broke the first strike? Cite historical evidence.
7. How did W.W. 1 affect the relationship between Dominion Coal and the workers?
8. What happened after the First World War to this relationship?
9. What brought about the second strike. What were the results?
10. Why was Mclauchlan replaced and what was the reaction of the workers.?
11. How did Roy Wolvin attempt to break the strikers? Was he successful?
12. What was the significance of the Coal Miner's strike for the workers across Canada?
Women in the 1920s
More Time
u ______gave women the chance to do more work in less time, so they had more leisure time on their hands.
u Women joined groups and focused on the social issues of ______, ______and the problems of alcohol.
Temperance
u The Women's Christian Temperance Union succeeded in have the government pass prohibition laws in 1918 - no more ______
u However the______was easily broken and eventually was withdrawn.
Women Are Persons
u In 1916 ______was appointed Canada's first female judge. Our constitution said only qualified "______" (men) could be judges or senators!
u In 1927 Murphy and four other women (The ______) challenged the persons law. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled they were not persons based on society in 1867 when the constitution was created. They appealed to the Privy Council in England and won their case! ______was Canada's first female Senator.
Sports
u Canadian women won many track and field medals at the 1928 summer Olympics.
u (Ethel Catherwood - high jump; Fanny Rosenfeld - track)
u However, Canadians chose to see men only as the real athletes -women eventually gave up participating in sports.
u Canada's Dream Team - the ______, a girls basketball team, was Canada's most successful team in history - winning over 96% of its games in its ______years of competition.
Persons Case
- basic rights were first won only 70 years ago.
- Canadian women born before 1929 were considered by law to be "non-______."
- Five governments stated that ______were ineligible to be ______to the Senate because they were not "______." In fact, British ______Law stated they were "persons in the matter of ______and ______, but not in the matter of ______and ______."
- A group of ______women known as the Famous 5 worked together to try to improve ______for women and change the interpretation of the Canadian Constitution to ensure women could participate in all aspects of ______life.
- In 1927, the Famous 5 persuaded Prime Minister Mackenzie King to ask the Canadian ______Court to clarify the word "______" under the British North America Act of 1867.
- Canadian court rejected their argument on April 24, 1928,
o The Famous 5 persuaded the Government of Canada to appeal to the ______Committee of the British ______Council. There, the Famous 5 won their case and on October 18, 1929, Canadian women were ______declared "______" and eligible for appointment to the ______.
- The first Senate ______that occurred after the Persons' Case was in Ontario. On February 20, 1928, Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Ottawa citizen ______, a remarkable woman who actively opposed anti-______and encouraged governments to accept ______.
- On December 17, 1997, Senator Beaudoin said (describing the importance of the case, "I suggest in closing that we keep and remember the famous 1929 case that first ______the equality of men and women. . . . This was [also] the time when the ______Council started what we call in law, the theory of '______of the ______."
Politics in the 1920s
Wheat on the Prairies:
u Countries in______still suffering from the effects of war were demanding food as a result the price went up.
u Canadian ______enjoyed huge crops and as a result made big profits. This money was reinvested into Trucks, Mechanical harvester, and new stains of wheat.
u As a result production increased, grain elevators were full and prices remained ______
Pulp and Paper:
u The U.S. had used up much of its sources of______as a result Canadian pulp exports equaled the total exports of the rest of the world providing many ______.
u The boom had a down side as ______were destroyed, the Canadian economy became dependent on ______and Canadians follow these jobs to the U.S.
Hydro Electric Power:
u New industries and people in their homes made increased demands on ______power and Canada with it’s vast ______systems soon became the second largest producer of ______power in the world
Oil and Gas:
u Factories and the increased use of the car put a huge demand on ______and gas. The discovery of oil in ______in 1924 became a great money maker.
u The increased use of ______and ______and gas hurt the Maritimes which was a producer of ______the energy source that was being replaced by hydro and oil and gas.
Mining:
u New mining discoveries near the ______were being developed with American financing and these discoveries created new jobs and wealth for many Canadians.
Politics
The Liberals
u led by William Lyon Mackenzie King who was similar to ______
u He did not take sides and always looked for a compromise to please the majority.
u Was Prime Minister from December 1921 to June 1926 and September 1926 to August 1930
The Conservatives
u When ______resigned in 1920, ______became the leader.
u He had very strong opinions, did not know the meaning of compromise, and was in favor of ______(taxes) which prairie farmers opposed.
u Was Prime Minister from July 1920 to December 1921 and June 1926 to September 1926
Canada's Growing Independence from ______
u Canada was considered a "colony" of Britain, this meant that Great Britain had legal control over all ______and some Judicial matters.
u Remember that when Britain declared war on Germany in World War One, Canada was automatically at______.
u After World War One there was a growing belief in Canada that we should no longer be dragged into European Wars without any direct say. King Agreed with this ______.
Life in the Roaring 20s
Inventions and new technologies, especially for house hold products, advanced rapidly during the 20’s due to many Canadian and U.S. citizens ability to afford them and the wide spread use of electricity.
Insulin
______- a doctor from ______who created the formula for insulin which helps to control ______.
His research was done with dogs but the first
human (14 year old Leonard Thompson) was injected in 1922 and results were successful.
Telephone
Alexander Graham ______- from Brantford, Ontario invented the telephone.
The final model took years to perfect but by ______every 3 out of 4 families had a telephone.
Radio
Radio linked people across Canada
Spread popular ______, ______information
Dominated by American programming
Entertainment
______in the 1920's in Canada centered on participation.
Amateur sports such as hockey, football, baseball, lacrosse, etc. flourished due to the influx of many talented players.
Canada's golden age of sport. Amateurs often came out of nowhere to capture the headlines, medals, and world records
Many sports, such as ______football, and baseball, were becoming all ______.
The Edmonton Grads
Women hit the scene large in the 1920's.
Edmonton Grads - a successful basketball team that Won ______games and lost only ______
The Grads achieved ______Olympic victories.
even faced off against professional male teams and won ______out of ______games!
Movies
Silent until late-1920s - "talkies"
Dominated by ______
Silent Movies – used orchestra music
Talkies – when characters began to speak in the movie
Art
Group of Seven
Canadian landscapes in modern style
Emily Carr - Aboriginal life and BC forests
Prohibition
illegal in different parts of Canada for short periods of the 20’s and illegal in the U.S. during the entire decade.
Prohibition is the law that made alcohol illegal
1920s’ Prohibition - not allowed to ______, ______, transport, import, or export ______beverages
______from alcohol was the only way to prevent ______.
The primary victims of alcohol abuse were women and children due to ______.
______– illegally selling and distributing booze
Gangsters
made millions of dollars from the illegal sale of alcohol
resulted in a large loss of ______since each province was individually responsible for the sale of alcohol.
Gangsters became rich from owning ______, ______, brothels, and gambling joints.
would carve up a city between rival ______, bribe local officials, and become local celebrities.
Positive Effects of Prohibition
1. The ______dropped
2. Arrests for drunkenness ______
3. Workers took ______home
4. Industrial ______improved
became obvious during the 1920's that prohibition was ______to enforce, plus governments were losing ______in potential taxes on liquor sales.
Defeating the Demon Rum
1. Why was alcohol seen as such a problem for many Canadian families at the turn of the century?
2. From where and why did opposition to liquor come from?
3. What was the immediate effect of Prohibition?
4. What problems faced the enforcement of the Prohibition laws?
5. What was Temperance Brew?
6. What was the strongest argument for the removal of the ban on alcohol?
7. Why did gangsters get involved in the sale of illegal alcohol? What was the result of their involvement?
8. What and who were “rumrunners”?
9. What did the poorer Americans” do when they could not afford the good illegal booze. What were the possible effects?
Transportation
Cars cheaper, more popular, because of the ______(Henry Ford)
Highway construction all over ______
Often connecting Canada and USA
Flight
Pilots testing limits
Planes used to transport supplies to ______
Spring, 1927. The first ______flight. New York to Paris.
Slang Words
Many American slang words which referred to alcohol became popular in Canada
such as: moonshine (illegal liquor), bootleggers (those who sold it), and speakeasies
and blind pigs (places to buy it).
apple sauce Nonsense, meaningless flattery, or baloney.
big cheese An important person.
coffin varnish Cheap, inferior whisky.
dead soldier An empty beer or whisky bottle.
drugstore cowboy A young man who hangs around public places and shows off
in an attempt to impress women.
flat tire A dull or boring person.
gangster A criminal who belongs to a gang
gin mill A blind pig, or speakeasy.
heebie-jeebies Feeling nervous, scared, or worried.
hooch Whisky or liquor.
jack Money.
moonshine Whisky or liquor, usually cheap and low-quality because it is made in
illegal stills. May also mean nonsense or baloney.
real McCoy Whisky or liquor that is not watered down — also, people who are genuine and can be counted on.
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