1491: Native American Life
Period 1
Do Now:
} Periodization: Why does the period start and end at these dates?
1491-1607
} Do you agree that 1491 is an appropriate starting point? Should the course start at a different year? Explain your response.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Population:
What/where were the two most populated areas in North America pre-1491?
1. ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________
The First Americans:
} Approximately _______ spoken languages
} Lived in diverse societies
} N.A.-_____________________________________________________________________________________
} Total in Americas- __________________________________________________________________________
} Maya, Aztec, Inca
Cultures of North America:
} North American Indian civilizations did NOT develop:
- the scale, splendor, or centralized organization of the Aztec & Inca
- __________________________________, or knowledge necessary for long distance navigation
- ______________
- __________________________________
- __________________________________
Food:
} Basis of agriculture: ________________________________________________________________________ à “__________________________________________”, the sustainers of life
- corn drew nitrogen, provided a trellis for the beans
- beans added nitrogen
- squash leaves kept sun off the ground & moisture in the soil
} _______________________________________________________
} How did the spread of maize cultivation from Mexico into the American southwest supported economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among societies?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Religion:
} Held ceremonies & rituals related to farming and hunting, to serve the interest of man
} _________________________________________________________________________________ (animism)
} Shamans, medicine men, religious leaders held positions of _________________________________
} Most believed in ___________________________________
Land and Property:
“The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon, and cultivate as far as necessary for their subsistence; and so long as they occupy and cultivate it, they have a right to the soil.”
- Indian leader, Black Hawk
} _______ = _________________________________________________________________________________
} Leaders assigned use of plots to families
} Tribes claimed specific areas for hunting
} __________________________________________________________________________________________
} _____________________________________________ à __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
} Social Status: tribal chiefs lived more splendidly, often shared goods with others
} Tribe vs. Clan
} __________________________________________________________________________________________
} “No beggars among them” – Roger Williams
- Typically no one went hungry or experienced extreme inequality
“Crying Indian”
Question:
} How does the commercial portray native peoples? How does this portrayal differ from what you have read about Native Americans? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gender Relations:
} Most Indian societies were ____________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
} Tribal leaders almost always men
} Women often ______________________________________________ & took part in tribal meetings
} Women could ______________________________________________________________________
} Men made tools, hunted
} Women gathered plants, grew crops
Wrap Up: (using prior knowledge and what you have learned so far this year)
} How did Indian and European worldviews differ on key points such as: property, religion, and gender roles?
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} Complete the following questions according to the quote:
1. According to Johnson, which of the following was the primary reason for the tribes to unite?
A. To increase trade
B. to provide for self-defense
C. to gain additional lands
D. to make the Tuscarora leaders
2. Which of the following factors best explains why Native American efforts to unite were rare?
A. Most tribes were isolated from each other
B. Europeans discouraged tribes from uniting
C. People had different foods and cultures
D. Tribes had traditions of independence