1. World War II Started When the Following Dictators Showed Aggressive Action at These
Name: ______Date: ______
Class: ____
Topic VI Review
World War II
1. World War II started when the following dictators showed aggressive action at these locations.
Emperor __Hirohito___ of __Japan__ invaded ___Manchuria______in 1931.
__Mussolini______of __Italy_____ invaded __Ethiopia______in 1935.
__Hitler______of ___Germany______invaded __Poland______in 1939.
__Stalin______of __Soviet______Union______invaded Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania in 1939 and 1940.
The U.S. tried to remain isolated and declared __neutrality______, which is to say that it refused to take sides. Eventually, however, president __Roosevelt______decided to distance himself from the _Axis___ powers and support the __Allies_____. The U.S. started selling goods on a ___cash____ and ___carry______basis, but countries had to provide their own shipping. Later, the U.S. loaned and gave away supplies as part of a program called __Lend___- __Lease_____. When war seemed inevitable, the U.S. instituted its first peacetime draft called the _Selective______Training______and Service Act.
2. The U.S. was against the war Japan was waging in __China____ and reacted by cutting off sales of oil and scrap metal. Without warning, the Japanese used __6_ aircraft carriers to bomb the U.S. fleet at ___Pearl__ __Harbor__ in Hawaii on _December__ 7, __1941__. The next day, F.D.R. asked _Congress__ for a Declaration of War. After Germany declared war on the U.S. later that week, the United States was fighting on two _fronts___.
People doing whatever they could do for the war effort were on the _Home_____ front. They volunteered, recycled metal, gave blood, and bought __War__ __Bonds __ to provide the government with money to buy weapons. They also grew 1/3 of the nation’s produce in __Victory__ __Gardens______. Woman worked in industrial jobs usually reserved for men as well as serving in the armed forces. Volunteer pilots flew for the Chinese even before the U.S. went to war and were called _Flying______Tigers______.
3. The American Army in the Philippines was defeated in April of 1942. The captured soldiers were brutally forced into prison camps in what is called the _Bataan______Death_____ March. General MacArthur was ordered out, and upon reaching Australia declared, “ I shall__ ___return__.” Meanwhile, F.D.R. issued Executive Order ___9066____ that declared __Japanese___ Americans “enemy aliens” and placed them in internment camps. Other minorities, like African Americans, served in the military even though they faced discrimination. Blacks who flew airplanes were part of the __Tuskegee_____ Airmen. ___Navajo______Code Talkers did their part by developing an unbroken code using their native language.
4. The U.S. sent ___Liberty_____ ships loaded with supplies to _Britain_____ and Russia, but the Germans tried to sink them in the Atlantic using submarines. America’s top general in Europe ordered the invasion of __Normandy_____ in northern France on June 6, _1944___. This is commonly called _D_ - _Day___. This marked the beginning of Germany’s fall in Europe, though the real turning point of the war in Europe was at the Battle of Stalingrad. As the U.S. moved across Europe, the Germans counter-attacked, causing the largest battle in U.S. Army history. This was the Battle of _The__ __Bulge___ in December of 1944. American, British, and Soviet Armies discovered German __Death____ camps and began to understand the scope of the _Holocaust____: the systematic discrimination and mass murder of Jews (and others).
5. In the Pacific, the Battle of __Midway___ was the turning point of the war against Japan. The U.S. sank __4_ Japanese aircraft carriers. The Marines and Army then began _Island_____ hopping across the Pacific. Douglas MacArthur returned to the __Philippines______in October of 1944. Off the coast of this island, the largest naval battle in history occurred at __Leyte____ Gulf on October 24-26, 1944.
6. When F.D.R. died in April of 1945, __Harry______Truman_____ became president. He then learned of the plans to develop an atomic bomb. The plans were called the _Manhattan______Project. The bomb was developed by scientists like Enrico Fermi, Robert Oppenheimer, and Albert Einstein. The first bomb was dropped on __Hiroshima______, Japan on August 6, 1945. The war eventually ended on September 2, 1945.
7. Throughout the war, the office of _War___ __Information_____ allowed Americans to hear mostly positive things about the United States through movies and posters. It told only negative things about the Axis powers. The government passed the _Smith____ - __Connelley____ Act that allowed the president to seize any business whose unions might go on strike if the strike endangered the war effort. The government also had a War Production Board that regulated production and __distribution____ of key goods like coffee, sugar, oil, and gasoline.
MAKE SURE YOU CAN IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE
Omar BradleyNeville ChamberlainChiang Kai Shek
Winston ChurchillJames DoolittleDwight Eisenhower
HirohitoAdolf HitlerErnest King
George MarshallBenito MussoliniChester Nimitz
George PattonJoseph StalinHideki Tojo
Douglas MacArthur
How did the U.S. change culturally and politically as a result of World War II?