Final exam Si Mock-Please be advised this is not a comprehensive list of topics. This covers material from the previous examination.
1) What type of tissue is blood?
A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
E) Blood does not fit into any of the typical categories.
2) Blood assists in defending the body against toxins and pathogens by ______.
A) warming the tissues immediately surrounding injury sites
B) transporting white blood cells to injury or infection sites
C) increasing the swelling of injured tissues
D) decreasing the pH of injured or infected tissues
E) preventing the replication of pathogens in tissues
4) Which of the following statements is true?
A) All lymphocytes are leukocytes.
B) All leukocytes are lymphocytes.
C) Basophils are agranulocytes.
D) Monocytes are granulocytes.
E) Platelets are agranulocytes.
5) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are also called ______.
A) eosinophils
B) platelets
C) neutrophils
D) erythrocytes
E) lymphocytes
True or false.
6) Blood cells and cell fragments suspended in the liquid matrix are collectively called the formed elements.
7) Erythrocytes are the most abundant formed elements in the blood.
8) ______clump together to form a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels.
A) Lymphocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
E) Platelets
9) Which of the formed elements are responsible for specific immunity?
A) neutrophils
B) monocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) basophils
10) The white blood cells that contain granules with histamine are called ______.
A) eosinophils
B) basophils
C) neutrophils
D) monocytes
E) lymphocytes
11) Blood that occurs to and from all of the tissues of the body, with the exception of the lungs, is transported in the ______.
A) infundibular circuit
B) pulmonary circuit
C) systemic circuit
D) hepatic portal circuit
E) arterial circle of Willis
12) Which is the deepest and innermost layer of the heart wall?
A) parietal layer of the epicardium
B) endocardium
C) myocardium
D) fibrous pericardium
E) visceral layer of the epicardium
13) Which feature marks the border between the atria and the ventricles?
A) coronary sulcus
B) interatrial groove
C) posterior interventricular sulcus
D) anterior interventricular sulcus
E) atrial appendage
15) Which structure delivers venous blood from the tissues and organs of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and from the lower limbs?
A) coronary veins
B) pulmonary trunk
C) superior vena cava
D) fossaovalis
E) inferior vena cava
16) Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure?
A) the left atrium
B) the left ventricle
C) the right atrium
D) the right ventricle
E) Both ventricles create greater pressures equally and simultaneously than do the atria.
18) The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the ______.
A) coronary arteries
B) venaecavae
C) pulmonary veins
D) descending aorta
E) pulmonary arteries
19) Which of the following is true of the coronary arteries?
A) They drain into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava.
B) Together they supply a small portion of the cardiac muscle with oxygen.
C) They originate at the base of the aorta and are the first branches off this vessel.
D) They open and close in pulsation with the contraction and relaxation of the heart ventricles.
E) Blood pressure in these vessels are the lowest found anywhere in the systemic circuit.
20) Which vessel gives rise to a circumflex branch and an anterior interventricular branch?
A) left marginal branch
B) coronary sinus
C) left coronary artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) right coronary artery
21) Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the interventricular septum, and extends toward the apex of the heart?
A) SA node
B) bundle branches
C) AV node
D) Purkinje fibers
E) intermodal pathways
22) Which of the following is true regarding contractions of the heart?
A) The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria.
B) The contractions do not occur in any specific or precise sequence each time.
C) Cardiac muscle tissue contracts under neural stimulation.
D) The rate of cardiac contractions are established by the conducting fibers.
E) Cardiac contractions are coordinated by specialized conducting cells, cardiac muscle cells that are incapable of undergoing powerful contractions.
23) The extensive connective tissue network, which encircles the bases of the pulmonary trunk and aorta and the valves of the heart, is called the ______of the heart.
A) fibrous skeleton
B) endocardium
C) intercalated network
D) pericardium
E) pulmonary epicardium
24) The ______are a series of irregular muscular folds formed on the internal surface of the ventricles.
A) trabeculaecarneae
B) papillary muscles
C) chordaetendineae
D) moderator bands
E) pectinate muscles
25) If the cusps of an atrioventricular valve are damaged or functionally impaired so that they do not close completely during the normal point in the cardiac cycle, blood may flow backwards. This is called ______.
A) ischemia
B) regurgitation
C) thrombosis
D) automaticity
E) nodal depolarization
26) The outermost layer of a blood vessel, which is very thick and composed chiefly of collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers, is the ______.
A) tunica media
B) tunica intima
C) external elastic membrane
D) adventitia
E) internal elastic membrane
27) Muscular arteries ______.
A) are larger than elastic arteries and smaller than arterioles
B) have a tunica media with a high density of elastic fibers
C) are exemplified by the aorta
D) have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them
E) collect blood from capillaries
28) Which of the following is true of an artery?
A) The vessel walls are relatively thin.
B) Blood flow is the slowest of all classes of vessels.
C) The histological structure permits a two-way exchange of substances between the blood and body cells.
D) The lumen is relatively smaller than that of a corresponding vein.
E) The adventitia is frequently absent.
29) Which layer of the arterial wall undergoes focal calcification in atherosclerosis? *this question is more clinical. Don’t worry too much for the exam*
A) adventitia
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) external elastic membrane
E) internal elastic membrane
30) Which vessels collect blood from capillaries?
A) large veins
B) venules
C) arterioles
D) small veins
E) precapillary sphincters
31) Veins are much more easily distended under pressure than are arteries ______.
A) because their walls are thinner and contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers
B) because of vasoconstriction
C) because their walls are thicker, and veins contain a greater proportion of elastic fibers and collagen
D) only in a few specialized cases
E) because the lumen of veins is much smaller than the lumen of arteries of similar diameter
32) The first paired branches of the abdominal aorta are the ______.
A) inferior phrenic arteries
B) superior mesenteric arteries
C) gonadal arteries
D) renal arteries
E) common iliac arteries
33) The azygous and hemiazygous veins are the chief collecting veins of the ______.
A) head and neck
B) pelvis
C) upper limbs
D) lower limbs
E) Thoracic wall
34) In fetal circulation, blood may bypass the pulmonary circuit by passing from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through the short muscular vessel known as the ______.
A) fossaovale
B) ligamentumarteriosum
C) ductusvenosus
D) ductus arteriosus
E) umbilical arteries
35) Components of the lymphatic system include the:
(1)pancreas
(2)spleen
(3)lymphatic vessels
(4)thymus
(5)lymph nodes
(6)thoracic duct
A) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B) 1, 3, 5, 6
C) 1, 4, 6
D) 1, 2, 3, 4
E) 1, 4, 5, 6
37) Which cell population primarily functions in providing antibody-mediated or humoral immunity?
A) B cells
B) helper T cells
C) macrophages
D) granulocytes
E) regulatory T cells
38) Which systems share the pharynx?
A) respiratory and cardiovascular
B) endocrine and digestive
C) digestive and lymphatic
D) respiratory and endocrine
E) digestive and respiratory
39) The walls of terminal bronchioles are dominated by which tissue type?
A) smooth muscle
B) hyaline cartilage
C) skeletal muscle
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E) elastic cartilage
40) Which cell type produces surfactant?
A) pneumocyte type I cells
B) alveolar macrophages
C) pneumocyte type II cells
D) dust cells
E) endothelial capillary cells
41) The largest laryngeal cartilage is the ______cartilage, commonly called the Adam's apple.
A) thyroid
B) arytenoid
C) cricoid
D) corniculate
E) cuneiform
42) The correct order of the digestive tube layers, from lumen outward, is:
(1)mucosa
(2)muscularisexterna
(3)serosa
(4)submucosa
A) 3, 1, 2, 4
B) 4, 1, 2, 3
C) 4, 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 4, 2, 3
E) 1, 4, 3, 2
43) Which feature provides protection for the interior surface of the stomach against the acids and enzymes in the gastric lumen?
A) the shallow depressions called gastric pits
B) the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium, which covers the luminal portions of the stomach
C) the rapid rate of mechanical mixing of the stomach contents, which exposes the lining to chyme for only a short time
D) the esophageal sphincter
E) chief cells of the deepest portions of a gastric gland
44) The longest portion of the small intestine is the ______.
A) duodenum
B) jejunum
C) ileum
D) colon
E) cecum
45) The bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in which subdivision of the small intestine?
A) ileum
B) duodenum
C) cardia
D) jejunum
E) pylorus
46) Which of the following are functions of the gallbladder?
A) secretion of cholecystokinin
B) secretion of gastrin
C) storage and modification of bile
D) breakdown of erythrocytes
E) storage of lymph
47) Structures that unite to form the common bile duct include:
(1)hepatopancreatic sphincter
(2)portahepatis
(3)cystic duct
(4)common hepatic duct
(5)duodenal papilla
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 3, 4
D) 1, 3, 5
E) 2, 4
48) Kupffer cells are phagocytes found in which structure(s)?
A) gallbladder
B) parotid salivary gland
C) sublingual salivary gland
D) liver
E) pancreas
49) The basic functional unit of the liver is (the) ______.
A) hepatocyte
B) lobule
C) stellatereticuloendothelial cell
D) falciform ligament
E) urinipherous tubule
50) Which of the following is the ventral mesentery on the liver, marking the division between the left and right lobe?
A) mesentery proper
B) round ligament
C) lesseromentum
D) falciform ligament
E) coronary ligament
51) Which hepatic vessel supplies nutrients and other chemicals absorbed from the small intestine to the liver?
A) hepatic vein
B) hepatic artery proper
C) hepatic portal vein
D) sinusoid
E) central vein
53) The ______is the region of the stomach, which extends to the entrance to the duodenum and whose muscular sphincter regulates the passage of materials into the duodenum.
A) pylorus
B) body
C) cardia
D) antrum
E) ileum
54) The liver is suspended from the inferior surface of the diaphragm by the ______.
A) round ligament
B) falciform ligament
C) mesentery proper
D) ligamentumteres
E) coronary ligaments
55) The large passageways into which the minor calyces empty are the ______.
A) major calyces
B) renal cortices
C) renal medullae
D) renal pelvis
E) renal calyx
56) Blood exits the nephron via ______.
A) efferent arteriole
B) renal artery
C) afferent arteriole
D) variousvenules
E) lobar artery
57) Each kidney receives blood from (the) ______.
A) descending aorta
B) renal arteries
C) common iliac arteries
D) internal iliac arteries
E) celiac trunk
58) Which of the following statements regarding the glomerulus is correct?
A) It is a portion of the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) It is a capillary network contained within the renal corpuscle.
C) It occurs in the nephron loop.
D) It filters urine just prior to its exit from the kidney.
E) It empties directly into the interlobar veins.
59) Which of the following drains into the minor calyx?
A) papillary duct
B) collecting duct
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) renal corpuscle
E) distal convoluted tubule
60) Reproductive cells are called ______.
A) somatic cells
B) zygotes
C) gametes
D) spermatids
E) None of the answers are correct.
61) The female gonads are the ______.
A) epididymis
B) ovaries
C) testis
D) uterus
E) straight tubules
62) The thickened, cord-like connection of the uterus that passes through the inguinal canal is the ______.
A) round ligament
B) broad ligament
C) suspensory ligament
D) uterosacral ligament
E) cardinal ligament
63) The lateral surface of the ovary is connected to the pelvic wall by (the) ______.
A) mesovarium
B) mesentery
C) cardinal ligament
D) suspensory ligament
E) None of the answers are correct.
64) The main organs of the female reproductive tract include all of the following exceptthe ______.
A) vagina
B) urinary bladder
C) uterus
D) ovary
E) mammary glands
65) The cells of the testes that produce testosterone are the ______.
A) nurse cells
B) sustentacular cells
C) interstitial cells
D) Sertoli cells
E) None of the answers are correct.
66) The seminiferous tubules ______.
A) average 200 inches in length
B) are the sites of the production of androgens for the testis
C) occur in the testicular septa
D) are the site of production of spermatozoa
E) All of the answers are correct.
67) The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary at ______.
A) the onset of menstruation
B) ovulation
C) the end of the secretory phase
Using the above-referenced anatomical diagram of a sagittal section of the head and neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.#1-20
1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Nasopharynx
B) Nasal cavity
C) Oropharynx
D) Glottis
E) Laryngopharynx
2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Internal nares
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Nasopharynx
D) Oropharynx
E) Nasal cavity
3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.
A) Laryngopharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Nasal cavity
D) Nasopharynx
E) Glottis
4) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Palatine tonsil
B) Epiglottis
C) Pharyngeal tonsil
D) Aryepiglotticfold
E) Oropharynx
5) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Oropharynx
B) Aryepiglotticfold
C) Palatine tonsil
D) Auditory tube
E) Pharyngeal tonsil
6) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Pharyngeal tonsil
B) Palatine tonsil
C) Epiglottis
D) Oropharynx
E) Aryepiglotticfold
7) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.
A) Oropharynx
B) Aryepiglotticfold
C) Pharyngeal tonsil
D) Epiglottis
E) Palatine tonsil
8) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Pharyngeal tonsil
B) Palatine tonsil
C) Epiglottis
D) Aryepiglotticfold
E) Oropharynx
9) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.
A) Epiglottis
B) Pharyngeal tonsil
C) Oropharynx
D) Aryepiglotticfold
E) Palatine tonsil
10) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.
A) Laryngopharynx
B) Epiglottis
C) Aryepiglotticfold
D) Oropharynx
E) Pharyngeal tonsil
11) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Thyroid cartilage
B) Glottis
C) Cricoid cartilage
D) Nasal vestibule
E) Hyoid bone
12) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.
A) Cricoid cartilage
B) Hyoid bone
C) Vocal fold
D) Glottis
E) Thyroid cartilage
13) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.
A) Trachea
B) Glottis
C) Thyroid cartilage
D) Hyoid bone
E) Cricoid cartilage
14) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.
A) Hyoid bone
B) Trachea
C) Glottis
D) Cricoid cartilage
E) Thyroid cartilage
15) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.
A) Cricoid cartilage
B) Hyoid bone
C) Trachea
D) Glottis
E) Thyroid cartilage
16) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.
A) Glottis
B) Thyroid cartilage
C) Cricoid cartilage
D) Hyoid bone
E) Trachea
17) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.
A) Lingual tonsil
B) Epiglottis
C) Pharyngeal tonsil
D) Glottis
E) Palatine tonsil
18) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label W.
A) External nares
B) Inferior nasal concha
C) Oral cavity
D) Middle nasal concha
E) Superior nasal concha
19) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.
A) Middle nasal concha
B) Oral cavity
C) Superior nasal concha
D) External nares
E) Inferior nasal concha
20) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Z.
A) External nares
B) Oral cavity
C) Nasal vestibule
D) Superior nasal concha
E) Inferior nasal concha
21) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label AA.
A) Oral cavity
B) Superior nasal concha
C) External nares
D) Middle nasal concha
E) Inferior nasal concha
22) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label BB.
A) Inferior nasal concha
B) Frontal sinus
C) Middle nasal concha
D) Epiglottis
E) Superior nasal concha
23) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label CC.
A) Superior nasal concha
B) Epiglottis
C) Inferior nasal concha
D) Frontal sinus
E) Middle nasal concha
24) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label EE.
A) Middle nasal concha
B) Epiglottis
C) Superior nasal concha
D) Frontal sinus
E) Inferior nasal concha
Using the above-referenced anatomical, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.#16-29
16) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Fundus
B) Cardia
C) Body
D) Esophagus
E) Pylorus
17) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Cardia
B) Lesser curvature
C) Fundus
D) Pylorus
E) Body
18) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.
A) Serosa
B) Mucosa
C) Longitudinal muscle layer
D) Circular muscle layer
E) Oblique muscle layer
19) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Circular muscle layer
B) Submucosa
C) Oblique muscle layer
D) Serosa
E) Longitudinal muscle layer
20) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Greater curvature
B) Pylorus
C) Lesser curvature
D) Cardia
E) Fundus
21) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Body
B) Fundus
C) Greater curvature
D) Pyloric sphincter
E) Cardia
22) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Ileum
B) Duodenum
C) Cardia
D) Cecum
E) Jejunum
23) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.
A) Pyloric canal
B) Cardia
C) Fundus
D) Jejunum
E) Body
24) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Cardia
B) Lesser curvature
C) Body
D) Fundus
E) Pylorus
25) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Pylorus
B) Fundus
C) Lesser curvature
D) Cardia
E) Greater curvature
26) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.
A) Rugae
B) Plicae circulares
C) Serosa
D) Pyloric sphincter
E) Villi
27) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.
A) Longitudinal muscle layer
B) Oblique muscle layer
C) Submucosa
D) Circular muscle layer
E) Serosa
28) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.
A) Fundus
B) Cardia
C) Pylorus
D) Body
E) Lesser curvature
29) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.
A) Body
B) Duodenum
C) Fundus
D) Pylorus
E) Cardia
Using the above-referenced anatomical diagram of a frontal section through the left kidney showing major structures, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.#17-27
17) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Renal papilla
B) Renal medulla
C) Capsule
D) Cortex
E) Renal sinus
18) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Major calyx
B) Renal pelvis
C) Minor calyx
D) Renal lobe
E) Hilum
19) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Renal lobe
B) Minor calyx
C) Hilum
D) Renal pelvis
E) Major calyx
20) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Renal papilla
B) Major calyx
C) Renal lobe
D) Minor calyx
E) Renal pelvis
21) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal lobe
C) Renal columns
D) Minor calyx
E) Major calyx
22) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.
A) Renal lobe
B) Major calyx
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal papilla
E) Minor calyx
23) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.
A) Minor calyx
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal lobe
D) Renal sinus
E) Major calyx
24) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Medulla
B) Renal pyramid
C) Renal papilla
D) Minor calyx
E) Cortex
25) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.
A) Renal papilla
B) Cortex
C) Renal pyramid
D) Medulla
E) Minor calyx
26) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.
A) Minor calyx
B) Major calyx
C) Cortex
D) Medulla
E) Renal pyramid
27) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.
A) Renal sinus
B) Cortex
C) Renal pyramid
D) Medulla
E) Minor calyx