1. What protocol would you include to manage your network ?
a. SNMP
b. NetBEUI
c. CHAP
d. IPX
Answer: A
2. Why does a high number of broadcast messages adversely affect overall network performance?
a. Each broadcast message requires an acknowledgement packet from every computer on the network
b. No computer on the network can transmit data until each broadcast message has been acknowledged by every computer on the network
c. Broadcast messages are automatically routed to every segment of a LAN
d. Every computer on the network must process each broadcast message
Ans: D
3. What is the IP of the loopback interface ?
Ans: 127.0.0.1
4. Which protocol does “ping” use ?
Ans: ICMP
5. Which freeware tool uses ICMP to send packets with small TTL to determine route ?
Ans: traceroute
6. Which solaris command is used to troubleshoot DNS problems ?
Ans: nslookup
7. In nslookup, how do you set DNS server to be some other machine than the system default ?
Ans: Type “server ip_address” (e.g. server 128.252.1.1)
8. How do you search for MX records under nslookup ?
Ans: set q=mx
9. Which 2 protocols does Solaris use in the Transport layer ?
Ans: TCP and UDP
10. Which one of TCP and UDP is connectionless ?
Ans: UDP
11. Which standar does IEE 802.4 define ?
Ans: Token Bus
12. Which standard does IEEE 802.5 define ?
Ans: Token Ring standards
13. _____ layer handles the transport of messages between communication partners, controls the flow of data, and defines the transport quality.
Ans: Transport
14. _____ layer performs basic functions such as file transfer, virtual terminal and job transfer are realized (SMTP, FTP, telnet, NFS, SNMP).
Ans: Application
15. _____ layer regulates transmission of unstructured bit streams over a transmission medium with regards to transmission speed, representation of signals and connection technique.
Ans: Physical
16. ______layer enables users on different machines to establish sessions between them.
Ans: Session
17. ______layer ensures messages reach their destination system via an optimal route (done by planning the route).
Ans: Network
18. _____ layer stipulates a transfer syntax ( represents a coiling agreement).
Ans: Presentation
19. a ______is a series of bits with a well-defined beginning and ending.
Ans: Frame
20. IEEE 802.3 defines ______standards.
Ans: Ethernet
21. Which one of TCP and UDP is faster than the other ?
Ans: UDP
22. UDP is a ______connection.
Ans: stateless
23. Name 4 Application Layer Protocols :
Ans: Telnet, FTP, SMTP, SNMP
24. True/false: If you can telnet between 2 Solaris machines, all 7 OSI layers are working.
Ans: True
25. Which protocol in Solaris machines makes distributed file systems possible ?
Ans: NFS
26. ______is set of rules governing the exchange of data between entities.
Ans: Protocol
27. At which layer does DHCP work at ?
Ans: Application
28. Which protocol translates IPs to MAC addresses ?
Ans: arp
29. Internet layer is the same ______layer in OSI ?
Ans: Network
30. At which TCP/IP layer does arp work ?
Ans: Internet
31. Which protocol encapsulates IP datagrams on a serial line ?
Ans: SLIP
32. Which protocol is an improvement over SLIP and is supported by Solaris ?
Ans: PPP
33. Which protocol translates MAC addresses to IP addresses ?
Ans: RARP
34. What does ICMP stand for ?
Ans: Internet Control Message Protocol
35. Which protocol translates host names to IP addresses ?
Ans: DNS
36. What does DNS stand for ?
Ans: Domain Name Service
37. Name 3 commands will let you logon to another machine ?
Ans: telnet, rlogin, ftp
38. It is advisable not to use telnet because of security problems. Which program should you use instead ?
Ans: ssh
39. Which freeware program will let you have fine-grain control over which machines can or can not telnet/rlogin into your machine ?
Ans: tcpwrappers
40. You have an account in your machine with user id of 0, but it is not root. Will this user have superuser previleges ?
Ans: yes
41. A ______is a set of physically connected computers in relatively small physical area.
Ans: LAN
42. In _____ topology one large coaxial cable joins all the computers.
Ans: BUS
43. _____ topology, uses centralized hub from which a number of signals carrying cables goes out to individual devices on the branch.
Ans: Star
44. ______topology is like the star topology except output node connects to the input of the next node.
Ans: Ring
45. ______is a device that amplifies and regenerates the data signal bit by bit.
Ans: Repeater
46. repeator, bridge, switch, router, gateway, or hub are examples of ______.
Ans: concentrators
47. ATM uses ______bytes long cells.
Ans: 53
48. Which option of the snoop command tells it to be verbose ?
Ans: -v option
49. Which option of the snoop command tells it to display from a host ?
Ans: -V
50. Which command tells the state of the Ethernet interfaces ?
Ans: netstat –I
Note: small case of I
51. Your Ultra 1 has a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet Card. What is the name of the interface ?
Ans: hme0
52. Which command displays information about network interface hme0 ?
Ans: ifconfig hme0
53. Can a user without superuser previlege run “ifconfig hme0” ?
Ans: Yes
54. Which command will display the entire RAP table ?
Ans: arp –s
55. How long does an entry stay in the arp table by default ?
Ans: 5 minutes
56. Cached ethernet addresses are stored for about 5 minutes and is used to avoid a rebroadcast. This is called ______.
Ans: Arp Reply Caching
57. In the “Flags” column of the arp table, “S” means ______.
Ans: Static Entry
58. In the “Flags” column of the arp table, “P” means ______.
Ans: published
59. Which command would add a static entry to the arp table for the host server1 whose MAC address is 00:00:0c:07:ac:90 ?
Ans: arp –s server1 00:00:0c:07:ac:90
60. Which process responds to the RARP requests ?
Ans: in.rarpd
61. IP is built into the system’s ______.
Ans: kernel
62. ______Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) - allows routers to send control or error messages to other machines.
Ans: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
63. The process of units of data being broken into smaller units is called ______.
Ans: Fragmentation
64. The first octet of the IP address of a Class A host must be between ____
ans _____ .
Ans: 1,127
65. Maximum number of hosts in a Class A network is :
Ans: 16 Million
66. The destination address used while sending a packet to all hosts in the network is called ______.
Ans: Broadcast Address
67. The last octet of the broadcast address of a Class C network is :
Ans: 255
68. The last octet of the broadcast address of a Class B network is :
Ans: 255
69. What determines what the network address is of the network a Solaris machine belongs to ?
Ans: netmask (subnet mask)
70. What is the advantage of subnetting ?
Ans: isolate traffic and limit access
71. What is the name of the routing daemon in Solaris ?
Ans. in.routed
72. Which option is run default with in.routed ?
Ans: -q
73. Which protocol does in.routed use ?
Ans: RIP
74. VLSM stands for ______?
Ans: Variable Length Subnet Masks.
75. ______allows a network to be assigned more than one netmask.
Ans: VLSM
76. 2 routing protocols that enable the deployment of VLSM by providing the extended network number length or mask along with route advertisement.
Ans: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intra-Domain Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
77. Which file holds the netmask number ?
Ans: /etc/inet/netmask
78. If you wanted to run a Solaris Machine as a router, which steps have to be taken ?
1. /etc/hostname.xxx(interface) file
2. add the new IP to the /etc/hosts file
3. Add the netmask to the /etc/inet/netmasks
4. Reboot the machine.
79. You have just added a new interface to your Solaris Machine. Which command would you run to confirm that the new interface has been configured?
Ans: ifconfig -a.
80. What do you have to do add changes to the NIS database after adding/modifying the appropriate map ?
Ans: cd into the /var/yp and then run the make command.
81. Which script reads the /etc/hostname.xxx(interface) to bring up interfaces ?
Ans: /etc/rcS.d/S30rootuser.sh
82. Which command will list the status of the hme0 interface ?
Ans: ifconfig hme0
83. Which command will eanble the hme0 interface to send and receive packets ?
Ans: ifconfig hme0 up
84. When a host is attached to the same physical network as the source host, the routing process is called ______.
Ans: Direct Routing
85. When packets are routed according to a routing table, the process is called ______?
Ans: Table Driven Routing
86. Which command shows the routing table of a Solaris Machine ?
Ans: netstat –r
87. If a route to a host is fixed and does not change by the changing conditions of the network, route is called a ______route.
Ans: statis
88. Dynamic routing is started by the ______script .
Ans: /etc/rc2.c/S69inet
89. /etc/rc2.d/S69inet starts which 2 daemons are related to routing ?
Ans: in.routed (RIP) and the in.rdisc (RDISC) daemons
90. Which request does ICMP make when a ping command is entered ?
Ans: echo
91. You try “ping server1” and you get “unknown host server1” . Why ?
Ans: your machine could not resolve the name server1 (hosts file / DNS problem)
92. You try “ping server1” and you get “no answer from server1”. Why ?
(assume that your machine resolved the name correctly).
Ans: server1 server is either not on or not connected to the network.
93. You try “ping server1” and you get “host not reachable …..” . Why ?
Ans: your machine could find a route to server1
94. If a default router is used, then which 2 daemons need to started ?
Ans: in.routed and in.rdisc
95. When would you use a default route ?
Ans: when 1 router connects your machine to all indirectly connected hosts
96. ______is a collection of networks and routers under a single administrative control.
Ans: Autonomous System (AS)
97. ______protocol is used typically within an AS ?
Ans: Interior Gateway (IGP)
98. ______Protocol is used typically among Autonomous Systems.
Ans: Exterior Gateway (EGP)
99. Name 2 routing protocols that are used among relatively small networks:
Ans: RIP and IGRP
100. ______Protocol was developed to overcome limitations of EGP.
Ans: Border Gateway (BGP)
101. What id the disadvantage of BGP ?
Ans: BGP packets are larger, requiring systems involved to consume more memory.
102. What does CIDR stand for ?
Ans: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
103. What does CIDR use to reduce the size of the routing tables ?
Ans: route aggregation
104. What does OSPF stand for ?
Ans: Open Shortest Path First
105. True/False: OSPF supports multiple metrics.
Ans: True
106. What algorithm does RIP use to determine the best route ?
Ans: distance-vector
107. What is the metric RIP uses to determine the best route ?
Ans: Hops
108. Host A has two routes to host B. First route has 2 hops, but the bandwidth is 56K. The second route has 3 hops, but the bandwidth is 100Mbps. If you use RIP, which route will be taken ?
Ans: First route (56K)
109. What are the advantages of RIP ?
Ans: easily implemented
commonplace
frequent update of routing table
110. How frequently is the routing table updated in RIP ?
Ans: every 30 seconds
111. How many metrics can you use with RIP ?
Ans: 1
112. What is the maximum number of hops allowed in RIP ?
Ans: 15
113. Host A is connected to Router B. Router B is connected to Router C. Router is connected to Host D. How many hops away is Host D from Host A ?
Ans: 2
114. In improved Distance Vector Protcols, there is a rule that no router will send a routing update via the interface it learnt of the route in the first place. This is called ______?
Ans: Split Horizon
115. Which is the RIP daemon in Solaris ?
Ans: /usr/sbin/in.routed
116. Which file associates network name with number ?
Ans: /etc/inet/networks
117. Which command will manipulate the routing table ?
Ans: route
118. Command to add a route to server1 via router1 with 3 hops :
Ans: route add host server1 router1 3
119. Which command 9and options) will show the routing table, but will bypass hostname lookup ?
Ans: netstat –nr
120. Which command (and options) will show the state of all sockets ?
Ans: netstat –a
121. Which command will increase the TCP transmit and receive buffers ?
Ans: ndd
122. Which command will add a route to the network 128.251.0.0 via 128.144.1.254 with 2 hops ?
Ans: route add net 128.251.0.0 128.144.1.254 2
123. Which command would delete a route to host server1 via router1 ?
Ans: route delete host server1 router1
124. Which command will delete the route to the network 128.251.0.0 via 128.144.1.254 ?
Ans: route delete net 128.251.0.0 128.144.1.254
125. Which command will remove all entries from the routing table ?
Ans: route flush
126. Which command will watch all packets on device pcelx0 ?
Ans: snoop –d pcelx0
127. Which command will saves all packets from device pcelx0 to file /home/adm/packets ?
Ans: snoop –a /home/adm/packets pcelx0
128. Which command will packets between server1 and server2 from logfile /home/adm/packets?
Ans: snoop –I /home/adm/packets server1 server2
Note: small case of I
129. Which command will show all info on packet#220 from file /home/adm/packets ?
Ans: snoop –I /home/adm/packets –v –p220
Note: small case of i
130. Which command will extract all server1 packets from the /home/adm/packets and write them to the file /home/adm/ps2 ?
Ans: snoop –I /home/adm/pakcets –o /home/adm/ps2 server1
Ans: small case of I
131. You want to know how your Solaris Machine intends to route packets to a host with IP 128.251.5.5 . Which command should you run ?
Ans: route get 128.251.5.5
132. Can you run “route get” commands without superuser previlege ?
Ans: No
133. Which command allows you to monitor the routing requests that are not getting resolved from the routing table ?
ans: route monitor
134. Which command balnks out the routing table ?
Ans: route flush
135. Solaris will run routed if the file ______exists.
Ans: /etc/gateways
136. Solaris will run routed if the default route is not
defined in the ______file .
Ans: /etc/defaultrouter
137. The ______file identifies gateways for the routed daemon.
Ans: /etc/gateways
138. What would you put in the /etc/gateways file such that a route
is defined to network called net2 via router called host4? Assume that net2 is 3 hops away. Also, assume that the gateway is not expected to exchange RIP information.
ans: net net2 gateway host4 metric 3 passive
139. Which three types of gateways can be defined in the /etc/gateways file ?
Ans: active, passive, external
140. Which kind of gateways is expected to exchange RIP information ?
Ans: active
141. What entry in the /etc/gateways file would define a route to the host
called host2 via the gateway called host4? Assume that host2 is 2 hops away and that the gateway is NOT expected to exchange RIP information.
Ans: host host2 gateway host4 metric 2 passive
142. What entry in the /etc/gateways file would define a route to the host
called host9 via the gateway whose IP address is 192.100.100.5? Assume that host9 is 2 hops away and that the gateway IS expected to exchange RIP information.
Ans: host host9 gateway 192.100.100.5 metric 2 active
143. What entry should put in the /etc/gateways file to specify a route to a network called net5 through an external gateway called host9 ? Assume that net5 is 3 hops away.
ans: net net5 gateway host9 metric 3 external
144. ______layer transports data to and from application level, includes the destination port number, and also handles error detection and recovery.
Ans: transport
145. In ______protocol, connection must be established before exchanging data. This is a reliable and requires more processing.
Ans: Connection-Oriented
146. In ______Protocol, message are just delivered. It is not reliable, and requires that transmission quality be augmented. It is fast, however.
Ans: Connectionless
147. In ______protocol, data is sent from client to server to tell their state.
Ans: stateful
148. In ______protocol, server doesn't keep track of client state.
Ans: stateless
149. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is ______and ______.
a. connectionless, stateless
b. connection-orineted, stateless
c. connection-oriented, stateful
d. connectionless, stateful
Ans:
150. TCP stands for ______?
Ans: Transmission Control Protocol
151. TCP is ______and ______?
a. connectionless, stateless
b. connection-orineted, stateless
c. connection-oriented, stateful
d. connectionless, stateful
ans: C
152. Full Duplex Connection consists of ___ independent streams of data.
Ans: 2
153. Receiving host informs header of how much it is ready to receive. This is called ______?
Ans: Window Advertisement
154. True:False: TI RPC is supported in Solaris environment.
Ans: True
155. TI RPC stands for ______?
Ans: Transport - Independent Remote Procedure Call (TI-RPC)
156. ______resolves the differences in data byte ordering, data type size, representation and alignment between architecture.
Ans: XDR
157. XDR stands for ______?
Ans: External Data Representation
158. ______provides application program interface between OSI transport session layers.
Ans: TLI
159. Which protocol is used to share file systems between solaris machines ?
Ans: NFS
160. Which file is used to identify and register the reserved port numbers, services, and protocols for the Internet. (well know ports)
Ans: /etc/inet/services
161. Which port is reserved for telnet ?
Ans: 23
162. Which port is reserved for FTP ?
Ans: 23
163. Which port is reserved for HTTP ?
Ans: 80
164. Which init script starts the inetd daemon ?
Ans: /etc/init.d/inetsvc
165. Which command would you use to kill a process by name ?
Ans: pkill
166. Which file dictates what inetd will listen for ?
Ans: /etc/inet/inetd.conf
167. Which command will make the inetd reread the inetd.conf file ?
Ans: pkill –HUP inetd
168. What does the file /etc/rpc contain ?
Ans: A list of network services
169. What does the rpcbind program do ?
Ans: it provides a port number for a given network service name
170. Which is the startup script for rpc ?
Ans: /etc/init.d/rpc
171. Which program displays program number, version, protocol, port number, service, and owner of RPC service (root) ?
Ans: rpcinfo
172. Which command identifies all RPC services on a host called server ?
Ans: rpcinfo –p server
173. Which command lists versions and states of the nfs service running on a host called machine ?