Bio2 S.G. Chap11
11.1 Urinary System
1. What are the major roles the kidneys preform?
2. What are some of the metabolic wastes the kidneys get rid of?
3. The more salts there are in the blood the ______
4. Besides sodium and potassium, what other ions do the kidneys help regulate?
5. What is the normal pH of our blood?
6. The pH of our urine is usually 6 or lower. Why?
7. Why is the enzyme Renin important?
8. Aldosterone is involved in ______.
9. What does erythropoietin do?
10. What does vitamin D do for us?
11. What do the renal artery and renal vein do?
12. What are the ureters?
13. What is the urethra?
14. The urethra has 2 sphincters, what are their functions?
15. Urination is also called ______.
16. What is a potential problem because of the shortness of the female urethra?
17. What is a potential problem with the male’s prostate gland?
11.2 Kidney Structure
18. What are the 3 regions of the kidney?
19. How many nephrons are in the kidney?
20. What is the glomerulus?
21. What are the peritubular capillaries?
22. What is the 1st part of a renal tubule called? What happens there?
23. The 2nd part is called the _____.
24. What is the brush border? Its function?
25. What is the 3rd part of the renal tubule called? What does it do?
26. What is the 4th part called? What is its primary function?
27. What is the 5th and final part called? What do they do?
11.3 Urine Formation
28. What happens during glomerular filtration?
29. What are the “filterable components” of the blood? The “nonfilterable components”?
30. How many liters of water are filtered per day?
31. What is “symport” and “antiport”?
32. What molecule is ordinarily completely reabsorbed so none appears in the urine?
33. What is diabetes mellitus?
34. What is tubular secretion?
35. What is done during urinalysis?
11.4 Homeostasis
36. Why is the liver compared to a sewage treatment plant? How do the kidneys help?
37. What are “aquaporins” and what do they do?
38. What is aldosterone? Where does it come from? What is its action?
39. What is renin?
40. What is antidiuretic hormone and what does it do?
41. What is atrial natriuretic hormone? Where is it produced? What does it do?
42. What does “diuresis” mean?
43. Why should a marathon runner not drink too much water?
44. What can happen if you eat too much salty popcorn?
45. What are diuretics?
46. What do buffers do for us?
47. How does breathing help maintain blood pH?
48. What happens if the blood is acidic? If it is basic?
49. Ammonia is produced by ______of _____.
50. Read how the kidneys assist other systems.