CH07

1.The "white water" metaphor takes into consideration that environments are _____.

a.uncertain and dynamic

b.uncertain and static

c.certain and static

d.certain and dynamic

2.In Lewin's three-step process, the objective of refreezing is _____.

a.to implement change

b.to stabilize the new situation

c.to hinder movement from the existing equilibrium

d.to direct behavior away from the status quo

3.The metaphor that likens an organization to groups whose members are totally unfamiliar with each other and are traveling in unknown waters where their destination is not even certain is known as the _____ metaphor.

a.calm water white

b.water rapids

c.Gilligan's Island

d.survivor

4.An advantage of manipulation, cooptation, and coercion as techniques for reducing resistance to change is that they _____.

a.minimize misunderstandings

b.are inexpensive to use

c.increase involvement and acceptance

d.maximize employee commitment

5._____ is/are the organization development technique(s) where efforts are designed to assess employee attitudes and perceptions of the change by responding to a specific set of questions.

a.Survey feedback

b.Process consultation

c.Employee assistance programs

d.Team building

6._____ involves exchanging something of value for lessening the resistance to the change effort.

a.Manipulation

b.Negotiation

c.Cooperation

d.coercion

7._____ symptoms of stress, such as anxiety, boredom, and procrastination can lead to productivity decreases.

a.Behaviora

b.Psychosomatic

c.Physiological

d.Psychological

8.A person with a relaxed and easy-going personality who easily accepts change would have which of the following?

a.high need for cognition

b.type A personality

c.external locus of control

d.type B personality

9.A(n) _____ is any type of program that is designed to keep employees healthy. These programs may include weight control, stress management, or smoking cessation.

a.wellness program

b.employee assistance program

c.mental health program

d.cafeteria-style benefit program

10.One view of creativity holds that with training, anyone can be creative. In this view, creativity is a fourfold process consisting of _____, incubation, inspiration, and _____.

a.Ideas; procedure

b.indoctrination; institutionalization

c.perception; innovation

d.inclination; illustration

<11~20False or True

11.Although change has always been a part of a manager's job, it has become more so in recent years.

12.Technology and competition are examples of internal forces that dictate a need for change.

13.The "calm waters" metaphor envisions a trip over unfamiliar waters with a crew that has never before worked together.

14.Lewin's three-step process treats change as a break in the equilibrium of the organization.

15.The effort to assist organizational members with a planned change is referred to as organizational design.

16.Survey feedback efforts are designed to assess employee attitudes about and perceptions of the change they are encountering.

17.Intergroup development is an activity that helps work groups set goals, develop positive interpersonal relationships, and clarify the roles and responsibilities of each team member.

18.Role conflict is created when role expectations are not clearly understood and the employee is not sure what he should do.

19.Stress can manifest itself in a positive manner.

20.Creativity is the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual connections between things.

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CH10

  1. The greater the tension level of the motivated employee, the _____ the effort level.

a.Lower

b.Higher

c.Same

d.None of the above.

  1. Which of the following is not one of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

a.Physiologica

b.Esteem

c.Safety

d.Environmental

  1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that an individual begins by satisfying _____ needs.

a.Safety

b.self-actualization

c.esteem

d.physiological

  1. Which of the following statements would a Theory Y manager consider to be true?

a.employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened

b.employees dislike work

c.employees will shirk responsibilities whenever possible

d.employees view work as being as natural as rest or play

  1. Which of the following statements would a Theory X manager consider to be true?

a.the average person can learn to accept and even seek responsibility

b.employees view work as being as natural as play

c.employees will exercise self-direction if they are committed to theobjectives

d.employees will shirk responsibility

  1. According to McClelland, which of the following needs focuses on the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise?

a.Affiliation

b.Power

c.achievement

d.recognition

  1. Which of the following is a correct match between theory and the individual who developed it?

a.motivator-hygiene theory: David McClelland

b.equity theory: J. Stacey Adams

c.hierarchy of needs theory: Frederick Herzberg

d.three-needs theory: Douglas McGregor

  1. Which theory focuses on employee perceptions of what they get from a job situation in relation to what they put into it, and then compares their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others?

a.Vroom's expectancy theory

b.McClelland's three-need theory

c.Adam's equity theory

d.Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory

  1. The degree to which a job provides freedom, independence, and discretion to an individual in scheduling and carrying out his/her own work is known as _____.

a.Autonomy

b.Feedback

c.skill variety

d.task identity

  1. The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____.

a.equity theory

b.three-needs theory

c.expectancy theory

d.motivation-hygiene theory

<11~20False or True

  1. Motivation is a personal trait; some people are motivated, and some people are not motivated.
  2. Maslow's need theory says that although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.
  3. According to Herzberg, working conditions and salary are examples of hygiene factors.
  4. According to McClelland, the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise is known as the need for achievement.
  5. The degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work is known as task identity.
  6. A state of inequity exists when employees perceive their ratio of inputs to outcomes as equal to those of their relevant others.
  7. People who work in jobs with high core job dimensions are generally more motivated, satisfied, and productive than are those who do not.
  8. According to expectancy theory, managers need to reward employees with those things that they value most positively.
  9. Pay-for-performance programs focus on paying an employee for time on the job.
  10. Flextime usually consists of four 10-hour workdays.

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