1.The table gives information about a geranium plant and a cactus plant.
The geranium grows in gardens in the UK. The cactus grows in hot deserts.
Feature / Geranium / CactusThickness of waxy cuticle in micrometres / 5 / 15
Total leaf surface area in cm2 / 1800 / 150
Percentage of water storage tissue in stem / 50 / 85
Number of stomata per mm2 / 59 / 13
Time of day when stomata open / daylight / at night
Horizontal spread of roots in metres / 0.2 / 5
Using only information in the table, explain how the cactus is better adapted for living in hot, dry conditions.
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
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(Total 5 marks)
2.A student set up five sets of the apparatus shown in the diagram. He used these to measure the effects of:
•temperature
•wind
•light
on the rate of water loss from a plant shoot.
The student’s results are shown in the table.
25°C / 5°C / 25°C / 5°C / 25°CCondition / windy / windy / calm / calm / calm
light / light / light / light / dark
Time taken
for bubble to / 5 / 7 / 8 / 12 / 29
move 10 cm
in minutes
(a)Write down two ways in which the student could have made his experiment more reliable.
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2 ......
(2)
(b)Plot the student’s results on the graph below. One has been done for you.
(2)
(c)Which change in condition had the most effect on the rate of water loss?
Tick () the correct answer.
Decreasing the temperature from 25°C to 5°CChanging from windy to calm
Changing from light to dark
(1)
(d)(i)Write down the name for the process by which plant leaves lose water vapour.
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(1)
(ii)The water vapour is lost through tiny pores on the leaf.
Write down the name of these pores.
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
3.(a)The diagram shows a cereal crop.
Complete spaces (i) and (ii).
(2)
(iii)What sort of weather may cause the cereal crop to wilt?
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(1)
(b)Describe the process of transpiration in plants.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
5.Some students set up the following apparatus.
The balances show the same mass at the start of the investigation.
After 24 hours the mass of flask B was the same but the mass of flask A had changed.
(i)Describe and explain the change to the mass of flask A.
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(3)
(ii)Why did the students need to set up flask B?
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(1)
(Total 4 marks)
6.A potted plant was left in a hot, brightly lit room for ten hours. The plant was not watered during this period. The drawings show how the mean width of stomata changed over the ten hour period.
(a)Why do plants need stomata?
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(1)
(b)Name the cells labelled X on the drawing.
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(1)
(c)The width of the stomata changed over the ten hour period.
Explain the advantage to the plant of this change.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
9.A cook prepares a fresh fruit salad by cutting up a variety of fruits and placing them in a bowl with layers of sugar in between. After two hours the fruit is surrounded by syrup (concentrated sugar solution).
Explain, as fully as you can, why syrup (concentrated sugar solution) was produced after twohours.
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(Total 4 marks)
Kingston University School of Education1