Chemistry Final Review
Name:______Period:______Date:______
Multiple Choice: When answering the following questions make sure that you know the reason for the answer. Do not just try to remember the answer. Be able to rationalize the correct answer!
1)_____: The study of matter and changes in matter best describes the science of:
a)Biology
b)Physics
c)Microbiology
d)Chemistry
2)_____: A physical property may be investigated by:
a)Melting ice
b)Letting milk turn sour
c)Burning paper
d)Metal rusting
3)_____: Chemical properties
a)Include change in the state of a substance
b)Include change in a substance shape
c)Include change in a substances identity
d)Can be observed without altering the identity of a substance
4)_____: One chemical property of matter is:
a)Boiling point
b)Texture
c)Density
d)Reactivity
5)_____: Chemical changes occurs when:
a)A material boils
b)Bonds between atoms and molecules are broken
c)A material freezes
d)To materials are mixed together to form a homogeneous mixture.
6)_____: The melting of candle wax is classified as a physical change because it:
a)Produces no new substance or substance retains identity
b)Transfers heat
c)Absorbs heat
d)Changes the chemical properties of wax
7)_____: Particles in a solid are:
a)Packed closely together
b)Very far apart
c)Fill any volume
d)Constantly moving around each other
8)_____The state in which particles fill any volume they are placed in:
a)gas
b)fluid
c)solid
9)_____: Which is a pure substance:
a)salt water
b)air (oxygen and nitrogen)
c)chicken soup
d)distilled water
10)_____: Which is an example of a mixture:
a)saltwater
b)nitrogen gas
c)water
d)Krypton
11)_____:Which is a homogeneous mixture:
a)Saltwater with particles un-dissolved
b)sand in water
c)oil in water
d)air
12)_____: Which is a heterogeneous mixture:
a)sand in water
b)air
c)Iron
d)sugar water
13)_____: How many protons does Ne have?
14)_____: What is the element in group 4 period 5?
15)_____: What is the symbol for iron?
Label the following numbers as base units (BU) or derived units (DU).
16)_____4 (m/s) for meters per second
17)_____110 (g) for grams
18)_____14 (mol) for liters
19)_____10 (L/s) for liters per second
20)_____ 4 (m2) for area
Conversions: Convert the following:
21)_____: 400cm to m: write only the answer on the answer key
22)_____: 3 mols to particles ( Hint: use Avogadro’s number) write only the answer on the answer key
23)_____: 8000kg to g: write only the answer on the answer key
24)_____: How did incorporating the pinwheel into the cathode ray tube help the scientist discover the electron?
a)The pinwheel began to move from side to side indicating electrons where present
b)The pinwheel began to spin indicating the electrons possessed a negative charge
c)The pin wheel began to spin indicating the electrons had mass when it struck the device.
d)The pin-wheel was used by Earnest Rutherford to discover the proton.
25)_____: Which is the largest particle:
a) electron b) proton c) neutron d) lepton
26)_____: Which has the greatest charge:
a) electron b) proton c) neutron d) lepton
27)_____: Who was accredited for the discovery of the atomic nucleus?
a)Dalton
b)Democritus
c)Rutherford
d)Einstein
28)_____: Why is the charge of an atom neutral because:
a) There are an equal number of protons and neutrons
b) The neutral charge of the neutrons cause an overall neutral charge
c) Because the electrons are significantly smaller, there will need to be more electrons than protons to create a balanced neutral charge.
d) Because the negative charge of an electron equals the positive charge of a proton, a net atomic charge of zero is achieved when they exist in equal numbers.
30)_____: In Rutherford’s experiment, some of the alpha particles reflected off of the gold nucleus because:
a)The positive charge of the nucleus repelled the positively charge alpha particles, deflecting the alpha particles in various directions.
b)The gold’s negatively charged electron cloud reflected the negatively charge alpha particles in various directions.
c)The gold’s negatively charged electron cloud reflected the positively charge alpha particles in various directions.
d)Rutherford did not perform this experiment.
e)None of the above.
31)_____: 10 g of iron reacts with 18 g of nitrogen. What is the mass of the final product?
a) 30.0 g/mol b) 15 g c) 28 g d) .933 g
32)_____: If Cr has 27 electrons, what type of charge will it have?
a) Positive b) Negative c) Neutral d) both A and C e) Both B and C
33)_____; Where do we see the cathode ray tube used in technology?
a) TV b) Sun emission spectrum c) HDPE biodegradable materials d) Tungsten light bulbs
How many protons are in each of the following atoms:
34)Al:____
35)Be:____
36)K:____
37)An Isotope varies in ______however holds the same chemical and physical properties.
a) Neutrons b) Protons c) Electrons d) Both A and B e) Both B andC
38)_____: The mass number is:
a) Protons + Electrons b) Protons + Molecular weight
c) Molecular weight d) Protons + neutrons
Use Fluorine – 20 to answer the following questions. Write only the answer to the following questions in your answer key.
39)What is the mass number:______
40)What is the atomic number:______
41)Number of protons:______
42)Number of electrons:______
43)Number of neutrons:______
Find the molecular weight of the following: Write only the answer to the following questions in your answer key.
44)SF6:______
45)H2SO4:______
46)PH3:______
47)Carbon Dioxide:_____
48)Butane:_____
49)Water:_____
50)_____: A mol is unit used for counting a) electrons b) protons c) particles & atoms d) neutrons
51)_____: Find the mass in 44 mols of SO3:
52)_____: Find the number of moles in 300 grams of water
56)_____: The Law of conservation of mass is not exactly true because:
a) Molecules react to form products heavier than the initials reactants
b) Parts of the product are released as gasses
c) Mass is lost in the form of energy
d) None of the above
57)_____: A line spectrum happens when:
a)Electrons jumping from different excited states to ground states giving off specific frequencies.
b)Electrons absorbing all frequencies giving off an array of light
c)Photons passing through atoms causing them to transmit certain frequencies of light.
58)An atom will give off light when an electron drops from a higher ______down to a lower energy level.
a) Atom b) Orbital c) Energy Level d) Molecule
Write the# of electrons that can fill the following orbitals;Write only the answer to the following questions in your answer key.
59)S:______
60)P:______
61)D:______
62)F:______
Use the electron configuration for Br to answer the following questions: Write only the answer to the following questions in your answer key.
Br: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
63)_____: How many electrons does this atom have?
64)_____: What is the highest energy level that the electrons in this atom occupies?
65)_____: Which orbital is being filled?
66)_____: How many valence electrons does this atom have?
67)_____: How many electrons are in this atoms third energy level
68)_____: What noble gas would be use to write this atoms noble gas configuration.
Use the following key to answer questions (69 - 74)
a)Bohr
b)Rutherford
c)Mendeleev
d)Mosley
e)JJ Thomson
f)Heisenberg
g)Alexander Schrödinger
h)Debrolie
69)_____: This man came up with the equation that modeled the 3 dimensional structure of the electron orbitals
70)_____: This man discovered the proton and atomic nucleus
71)_____: This man said the periodic table should be structured according to atomic mass
72)_____: This man said all matter exist in waves
73)_____: This dude said you never know where an electron is located in atom but could predict the general location
74)_____: This dude said atom have energy levels
75)_____: Which is most known to have multiple oxidation states
a) alkali b) actinide c) halogen d) transitions metals e) noble gas
76)_____: Which group has 5 electrons in its p orbital?
a) alkali b) actinide c) lanthanide d) halogen e) transitions metals f) alkaline earth metals
77)_____: Which is the most reactive?
a)Halogens
b)Non-metals
c)Noble gasses
d)Semiconductors
78) _____: Which has properties between the metals and non-metals?
a)Halogens
b)Non-metals
c)Metals
d)Semiconductors
78)_____: T/F : The greater the distance between a atoms energy levels (conduction bands), the less conductive it is to heat and electricity.
79)_____: T/F: Electrons in a metal are free to roam because their conduction bands are very close and over lap.
80)_____: T/F: Non metals do not conduct heat very well because the electrons are free to roam, allowing heat to transfer more easily
81)_____: T/F: Dislocation are empty spaces in a metals that move when a metal is bent
82)_____: T/F: Alkali metals are not as reactive as alkaline earth metals because they only need to lose one electron to look like a noble gas.
83)_____: Which atom would hold an electron to itself the strongest: He Kr Na Cs
84)_____: Which atom would have the greatest Ionization energy: N P As Al
85)_____: Which atom would experience the greatest electron shielding: F Ba Al H
86)_____: Why does the atomic radius get smaller across the period:
a)The atoms have fewer electrons due to its reactivity.
b)The nucleus gain more protons, pulling in the valence electrons even closer.
c)The electrons can only get pulled in so far due to their repulsion against each other.
d)The electrons are attracted to each other, therefore creating a greater pull causing the radius to shrink even more.
Use to answer the following questions:
A B C D
88)______: Which atom would hold an electron the weakest to itself?
89)______&______:Which atoms would most likely form an ionic bond?
90)______&______: Which atoms would most likely form a covalent bond?
91)______: When atoms bond, how many electrons do they try to fit in their outer energy level?
92)______: If A and B bonded, which direction would the valence electron get pulled: (to A or to B)?
93)______: Refer to Q # 5: What type or charge would A develop?
94)______: Refer to Q # 5: What type of charge would B develop?
95)______: What type of bond causes crystals to form at room temperature?
96)______: What type of bond shares electrons?
97)_____: This type of bond is extremely strong and allows for the formations of crystals.
a) Dipole-dipole b) Hydrogen bond c) Covalent d) Ionic e) London dispersion
98)_____: This type of bond happens only for a very brief amount of time and is responsible for gasses dissolving in fluids.
a) Dipole-dipole b) Hydrogen bond c) Covalent d) Ionic e) London dispersion
99)_____: This type of bond hold water molecules close to each other and is responsible for surface tension
a) Dipole-dipole b) Hydrogen bond c) Covalent d) Ionic e) London dispersion
Write the chemical formula for when the following two atoms go into bonding:
100)Pb(III) and Br
101)Mg and O
102)K and S
103)Fe (III) and SO3
104)Na and Cl
Draw the Lewis dot structures, show the polarities, and name the structure:
118) CO2
119) PBr3
120) CF4
Radioactive Process:
1) This is the largest of the nuclear radiations
2) This radiation will pass through most materials even concrete up to 2 feet in thickness
3) This radiation is the result of a proton turning into a neutron or vise versa.
4) This radiation is made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
5) From the stability band chart, what must happen to the isotopes that are too high in neutrons in order to have a stable nucleus? What will they release?
6) Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How much sodium-24 will remain in an 18.0 g sample after 60 hours?
7) Find the weighted average mass of carbon if carbon 12 has a mass of 12.00 amu and an abundance of 98.89% and carbon-13 has a mass of 13.003 and an abundance of 1.11%:
7) ***Complete the nuclear process: