Final exam review – Marine science.

1. ______the average salinity of the ocean

  1. Remains relatively constant around the world.
  2. Drastically changes from season to season
  3. Does not change at all around the world.
  4. There is not way to measure the salinity of the ocean.

2. ______The following are process that add salt to the ocean except:

  1. Salts in the rivers
  2. Erosion from land blown by the wind.
  3. Hydrothermal vents
  4. The rain.

3. ______Which of the following processes or things removes salt from the ocean?

  1. Evaporation b. precipitation c. animals d. none of the above.

4. ______The following are ways in which salinity can be measured except.

  1. Conductivity b. specific gravity c. refraction d. condensation

For questions to select the letter for the response that best completes the question.

a. Increases only b. decreases only c. increases and then decreases

d. increases and then decreases slightly. E. does not follow a pattern

5. ______The level of dissolved oxygen in the ocean _____ with depth.

6. ______The change of pH of the ocean _____ along different latitudes.

7. ______Along the same latitude the temperature of the ocean ______with depth.

8. ______Along the same latitude the salinity of the ocean _____ with depth.

9. ______As latitude increases the temperature of the water ___.

10. ______The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water ranges from ______ppm.

  1. 0 to 9 b. 1 to 14 c. 0 to 12 d. 4 to 8 e. none of the above.

11. ______A decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen between 50 and 100 m. in sea water is most likely the result of:

  1. The respiration of marine animals b. a decrease in pH.

c. Decrease in photosynthesis d. an increase in salinity.

12. ______How much of our planet’s surface is covered by water?

a. 30% b. 45% c. 75% d. 60 %

13. ______Coral reefs start out

a. as a group of cells b. as a single polyp

c. as a harden skeleton d. none of the above.

14. ______Waves are caused by

a. Warm currents, b. the gravitational pull of the moon

c. the wind d. none of the above

15. ______Tides are caused by

a. Warm currents, b. the gravitational pull of the moon

c. the wind e. none of the above

16. ______Currents are very important to the ocean ecology because they:

a. move nutrientsacross the ocean floor.

b.. help to regulate the climate of different regions,

c. help shape the ocean floor.

d. all of the above.

17. ______Density is a concept that relates:

a. mass and temperature b. mass and volume

c. volume and length. d. none of the above.

18. ______The maximum magnification obtained with an optic microscope is

a. 400 b. 1500 c. 100 d. 1000

In the following questions use

a. Scientific method b. Theory c. density d. temperature. e. none of the above

19. ______Property that describes the amount of particles per unit of volume

20. ______Measure of the average heat in the molecules of an object.

21. ______A synthesis of a large current body of information about certain aspect of nature that has been well tested

22. ______Series of steps used to find a solution to a problem

23. ______The amount of salt dissolved in water.

Use one of the vocabulary terms listed below.

a. aphotic zone b. benthic zone, c. neritic zone d. intertidal zone e. photic zone.

24. ______The ______contains all the organisms that live on the seafloor

25. ______The ______Is the most productive zone of the ocean.

26. ______The ______is a zone that is less than 200 m. deep where most of the fishing takes

place.

27. ______The area between high tide and low tide is called the ______.

28. ______The ______is the part of the pelagic zone that includes all the water that gets no light.

29. ______The ______contains organisms that exhibit adaptations to withstand dry and wet conditions during a day.

30. ______The following statements are true about hurricanes except:

  1. They occur only in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
  2. They are fueled by the release of energy as water condenses in clouds
  3. They can be very destructive
  4. They decrease in intensity as they move inland.

31. ______Earth is "tilted" at about 23½° relative to its orbital plane around the sun. This causes:

a. / higher summer temperatures.
b. / longer day lengths as latitude decreases.
c. / the change in temperature and climate known as the seasons.
d . all of these things.

32. ______The following were conditions can increase the devastating effects of hurricanes on cities except:

  1. If most of the city is below sea level
  2. If there is a high tide at the moment the hurricane hits the city.
  3. The marshes around the city have been drained to expand the city.
  4. The slope of the coast around the city decreases gradually into the deep ocean

33. ______From the following gases which one is not greenhouse gas?

  1. CO2 b. Water vapor. c. Methane d. Hydrogen

34. ______The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon linked to the following except:

  1. Moderate climate for the planet through time.
  2. Climate change in the planet
  3. The existence of seasons at higher latitudes.
  4. Concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

35. ______The following statements about climate change are false except:

  1. Climate change is a reality and the great majority of scientist agree that is caused by the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution.
  2. Climate change is a complex phenomenon and can’t be explained as the result from the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
  3. The warming of the planet can be perfectly explained by changes in the sun’s surface.
  4. There is no evidence that the planet is really warming since the industrial revolution.

36. ______Which of the following is a true statement regarding “El Niño”:

  1. It is a destructive hurricane.
  2. It is a warm ocean current from the Caribbean
  3. It is warm tropical countercurrent in the pacific.
  4. It is an active volcano in the south pacific.

37. ______Which statement is true:

  1. As latitude increases, surface ocean temperature increases.
  2. As latitude increase, surface ocean temperature decreases.
  3. Latitude affects ocean temperature only above the equator.
  4. Latitude affects ocean temperature only below the equator.

38. ______The following statements about factors that influence earth’s climate are true except

  1. Since earth surface is curved the sun’s rays don’t heat earth evenly at different latitudes
  2. Ocean currents and winds help to distribute heat from the tropics to the poles
  3. The rate of photosynthesis causes fluctuations on the level of CO2 in the atmosphere at different times during the day and the year.
  4. Significant heat capacity of the ocean.

39. ______The main difference between climate and weather is

  1. Climate is temporary weather is cyclical and predictable
  2. Climate is based on trends of the weather of a region over long periods of time.
  3. There is no difference between the two they can be used interchangeably.
  4. Climate is the expected weather of a region, so it is rather a theoretical construct.

40. ______The main variables used to categorize the strength of a hurricane are

  1. Wind Speed and water temperature
  2. Wind speed and storm surge
  3. Storm surge and water temperature
  4. Water temperature and intensity of the winds.

41. ______If you If you scoop seawater from the ocean surface and examine a drop under the microscope, you may not see any plankton. I The most reasonable explanation is that

  1. the cells were not stained
  2. the plankton were too widely dispersed
  3. a red tide wiped them out
  4. the water was contaminated.

42. ______An important factor for classifying organisms together in a taxonomic group is their similarity in

a. color b. habitat c. body structure d. body size.

43. ______Which of the following statements is not true?

  1. Diatoms and dinoflagellates both carry out photosynthesis.
  2. Diatoms have cells walls made of silica.
  3. Dinoflagellates have cells walls made of cellulose.
  4. Locomotion in Diatoms and dinoflagellates is achieved with the aid of flagella.

44. ______Organisms that live on food that is made by other organisms are called

a. producers b. heterotrophs c. autotrophs d. cyanobacteria.

45. ______Of all the pigments involved in photosynthesis, the most important one found in all marine algae,is

a.carotene b. xanthophyll c. chlorophyll d. phycocyanin.

46. ______A protist that can both make and take in its food is the

a. diatom b. dinoflagellate c. cyanobacterium d. ameba.

47. ______An algal bloom of dinoflagellates that causes fish kills is called the

a. saxotoxin b. brown tide c. bioluminescence d. red tide.

48. ______Organisms such as decay bacteria that help recycle dead organic matter are called

a. autotrophic b. decomposers c. phytoplankton d. eukaryotes.

49. ______Bacteria can be classified according to the their shape in groups cocci, bacilli, and _____. a. Rod shape b. protist c. round shape d. spirilla.

50. ______The most simple kind of organism and therefore the one that most likely resembles the first cells that evolved on earth resemble ____.

a. Diatoms b. dinoflagellates c. archea d.fungi.

51. ______The organic debris brought in by tides and trapped by the roots of mangrove trees…

  1. serves as a source of food for marine organisms
  2. reduces the force of the tides

c. serves as a depository for salt

d. None of the above are true.

52. ______The mangrove tree is well adapted to a coastal environment because

a. its roots have pores to get oxygen during low tide

b. it can carry out photosynthesis underwater

c. its prop roots are used like a net to catch fish

d. its seedpods are dispersed through the air.

53. ______ Which of the following producers is better adapted to high winds in subtropical latitudes?

a. Spartina b. Kelp c. Fucus d. Mangroves.

54. ______The largest and fastest growing producer in the ocean is the a. sea lettuce b. Fucus c. kelp d. Sargassum.

55. ______Seaweeds produce oxygen through the process of

  1. respiration b. photosynthesis

c. chemosynthesis d. alternation of generations.

56. ______An adaptation that eel grass has is:

  1. Production and germination of seeds in the water
  2. production of pollen dispersed by the wind
  3. Production of organisms that reproduce asexually and then sexually .
  4. none of the above are correct.

57. ______Which of the following process is not an adaptation of macrophytes.

  1. The presence of different photosynthetic pigments
  2. Structures that allow them to float in water
  3. Structures that allow them to attach to a substrate
  4. The presence of flowers

58. ______. Water leaves the interior of a sponge through

a. the osculum. b. an ostia.

c. incurrent siphon. d. an amebocyte.

59. ______Sponges reproduce asexually by producing

a. polyps. b. medusa. c. spores. d. buds

60. ______In jellyfish, sexual reproduction occurs during the

a. budding stage. c. medusa stage.

b. sessile stage. d. polyp stage.

61. ______How many germ layers do cnidarians have?

a. zero b. two c. one d. three

62. ______A distinguishing defensive structure of cnidarians is the

a. colloblast. b. tentacle.c. osculum. d. nematocyst.

63. ______Sponges and cnidarian polyps are similar in that they both

a. are bioluminescent. b. are sessile.

c. have no true tissues. d. display radial symmetry

64. ______Which bivalve can make a pearl?

  1. Scallopb. musseld. clamd. oyster

65. ______Which cephalopod lacks a shell and is the most intelligent?

  1. Nautilusb. cuttlefishc. squidd. Octopus

66. ______Which characteristic is used to classify mollusks?

  1. Shell b. coelomc. tentaclesd. mantle

67. ______Which class of mollusks are sessile?

  1. Cephalopodsb. gastropodsc. Bivalves d all of the above.

68. ______If a mollusk moves by a broad muscular foot, it is probably

a) a bivalveb) a gastropodc) two-shelledd) a cephalopod

69. ______A herbivorous mollusk scrapes algae from rocks and twigs with its

a) radulab) poison glandsc) footd) feathery gills

70. ______The cephalopod that has lost its shell completely is the

a) octopusb) slugc) nautilusd. squid

71. ______In most mollusks, fertilization

a)is externalc. is internal

b)occurs in hermaphroditesd. produces hermaphrodites

72. ______Clams and oysters may include high concentrations of viruses, bacteria, and toxic protists because they are

a) herbivoresb) carnivoresc) filter feeders d) detritus feeders

73. ______Bivalves include each of the following except

a) musselsb) oystersc) clamsd) nautiluses

74. ______Evidence that mollusks and annelids evolved from a common ancestor is based on the fact that animals of both phyla have

a) external shellsb) internal shellsc) larvae d) a mouth and anus

75. ______The small ciliated projections that enable breathing in this animal are called

a. spines b. skin gills c. ampullae d. eyespots.

76. ______You notice that a sea star in an aquarium has one very short arm. The best explanation for this is that

a. its growth hormones have been suppressed b. the appendage was lost and is regenerating

c. its tube feet are not functioning d. the arm is not really needed.

77. ______8. The side of a sea star on which its sieve plate is found is the

a. dorsal b. ventral c. anterior d. posterior.

78. ______What prevents a sea star from falling off the side of an aquarium tank?

a. clinging action of its tube feet b. suction by its mouth

c. adhesive properties of its spines d. water pressure

79. ______The symmetry of echinoderms is referred to as

a. bilateral b. radial c. spiral d. unilateral.

80. ______A sea star can open up a clam because of the functioning of its

a. tube feet b. spines c. stomach d. madreporite.

81. ______The function of the water vascular system in the sea star is to enable

a. locomotion b. digestion c. sensitivity d. respiration.

82. ______Which of these echinoderms moves most rapidly on the seafloor?

a. sea star b. sea cucumber c. sea lily d. sea urchin

83. ______The echinoderm that uses both its spines and its tube feet to move is the

a. sea urchin b. brittle star c. feather star d. sea star.

84. ______Which of the following is a chordate characteristic?

  1. ventral, hollow nerve cord
  2. bony endoskeleton
  3. post-anal tail
  4. backbone

85. ______In addition to the four characteristics that distinguish chordates from other phyla, chordates also have _____.

a. a ventral, hollow nerve cord

b. radial symmetry

c. protostome development

d. a true body cavity (coelom)

86. ______Which of the following is a group of invertebrates?

a. Reptilia

b. Amphibia

c. Mammalia

d. Aves

e. Echinodermata

87. ______Which of the vertebrate groups is the most diverse, but often overlooked because of humans’ habitat bias?

a.bony fish

b.jawless fish

c.mammals

d.birds

88. ______Phylum Chordata does not include ______.

a.fish b.birds

c.amphibiansd. squidse.mammals

89. ______The ability of birds to fly is facilitated by their ______.

a. four-chambered heart

b. lung supplemented by air sacs

c. external development of a shelled egg

d. hollow bones

e. all of the above

90. ______What defines a mammal, or distinguishes it from other vertebrates?

a.its hairless exterior

b.its primitive, simple brain

c.milk-producing glands

d.most mammals complete the great majority of their development outside of the uterus

91. ______How do sharks differ from other fish such as salmon, tuna, or goldfish?

a. Sharks respire with gills.

b.Sharks do not have a skeleton of bone.

c.Sharks have a two-chambered heart.

d.Sharks swim with fins.

92. ______Mammals have all the following characteristics except ______.

a.mammary glands

b.hairy bodies

c.high metabolic rates

d.legs designed for running

e.radula

93. ______Humans belong to which category?

a.Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes

b.Phylum Chordata, Clas Osteichthyes

c.Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia

d.Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia

e. Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia

94. ______The eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because they

a. / are never encased in jelly.
b. / do not have shells.
c. / are usually laid on land.
d. / are always fertilized externally.

95. ______Which of the following help mammals retain body heat?

a. / Haihair and sweat glands
b. / hair and body fat
c. / bones and sweat glands
d. / bones and body fat
96. ______Sexual reproduction occurs in
a. / fishes.
b. / amphibians.
c. / mammals.
d. / all of the above
97. ______Embryos obtain nutrients from the yolk inside the egg in
a. / oviparous and ovoviviparous animals.
b. / viviparous and ovoviviparous animals.
c. / viviparous and oviparous animals.
d. / viviparous animals only.
98. ______The most efficient vertebrate lungs are found in
a. / amphibians.
b. / reptiles.
c. / birds.
d. / mammals.