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Conjunctions
Coordinate Conjunctionsand
but
or
so
for / both…and…
not only…but (also)
either…or…
neither…nor…
as well as
1. Steve his friend are coming to dinner.
2. These shoes are old comfortable.
3. In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels watching TV.
4. It is very late, we had better go to bed.
5. It must have rained during the night, the ground is wet.
6. my mother and my sister (be) here.
7. the teacher but also the student (be) here.
8. the teacher or the students (be) planning to come.
9. the students nor the teacher (be) here.
10. The teacher as as the students (be) planning to come.
Transitions (Conjunctive Adverbs)besides moreover furthermore in addition also likewise similarly indeed again / only still (and/but) yet however nevertheless nonetheless on the other hand on the contrary otherwise / therefore thus consequently as a result accordingly hence namely that is (to say) for example/instance
1. It’s too late to go for a walk; b , it’s beginning to rain.
2. The engineer says that the plan is not practical. M /F , he has other objections.
3. You need money and time. a , you need diligence.(additionally)
4. I prepared my math lesson; a , I wrote my English composition.
5. The cost of food has come down in recent years. L /S , fuel prices have fallen.
6. He didn’t object to our proposal; i , he gave several reasons for supporting it.
7. The car was almost new; a , it was in excellent condition.
8. He promises; o he does not keep his word.
9. He failed again; s he didn’t lose his hope.
10. He is always polite to me, (and) y I don’t like him.
11. It was cold. H /N /Nonetheless, I still went swimming.
12. I’d like to eat out; o , I should be trying to save money.
13. He is not a stupid boy; c , he is quite intelligent.
14. You’d better hurry. O , you’ll be late.
15. Al didn’t study; t /thus/c / r , he failed the test. (in consequence)
16. There aren’t many jobs available. A , companies receive hundreds of resumes for every opening.
17. The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. H , factory location is an important consideration.
18. Three students were mentioned;n , John, Dick and Tom.
19. Susan is a good student; (to say), she gets good grades in school.
20. It’s extremely expensive to live in New York. e /For i , I pay $1250 for a one-bedroom apartment.
Prepositions (Adverbial Prepositional Phrases)besides in addition to because of due to owing to as a result of / thanks to with a view to with an eye to for the purpose of despite in spite of / regardless of according to in case of in the event of when it comes to speaking of
1. Besides/ going to aerobics twice a week, she rides horses on Saturdays.
2. Because / / the cold weather, we stayed home.
3. Many people are now homeless r the civil war.
4. T your carelessness, the documents have been lost.
5. We bought the house v /with to/ p retiring there.
6. Despite/ the language difficulty, we soon became friends.
7. He does what he wants, r what I say.
8. A the police, Miller was arrested at the scene of the robbery.
9. c trouble, call the police.
10. e rain, the picnic will be cancelled.
11. W /S computers,he’s a bit of an expert.
Subordinate Conjunctions (Adv Clauses)
Timeafter before when while/as by the time / since until/till as soon as once as/so long as / whenever every time the first time the last time the next time
no sooner…than hardly…when/before scarcely…when/before / the moment/instant (that) directly (when) immediately (when)
1. A she graduates, she will get a job.
2. I (had) left b he came.
3. W I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
4. W / I was walking home, it began to rain.
5. t he arrived, we had already left.
6. I haven’t seen him s he left this morning.
7. We stayed there /till we finished our work.
8. As /O it stops raining, we will leave.
9. I will never speak to him again /so I live.
10. W /Every time I see her, I say hello.
11. The f time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
12. I saw two plays the l time I went to New York.
13. The n time I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.
14. s had hesatdown the phone rang.
15. H /S had he sat down the phone rang.
16. Jen burst out laughing m / i she walked in.
17. D /I I got your message, I came.
Cause and Effectbecause since / now that as / insomuch as
1. B he was sleepy, he went to bed.
2. S he’s not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
3. N the semester is finished, I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
4. she had nothing to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
5. I the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
Purpose / Resultin order that so that / for fear (that) lest…(should) / such…that so…that
1. She studies very hard she may enter her ideal college.
2. Please turn down the radio I can get to sleep.
3. She finally ran away (that) he would kill her.
4. She turned away from the window anyone (should) see her.
5. It was nice weather we went to the zoo.
6. She speaks fast I can’t understand her.
Oppositioneven if even though / although though / whereas while
1. E if/t it was cold, I went swimming.
2. A /Though she joined the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.
3. The old system was fairly complicated,w /w the new system is really very simple.
Conditionif unless whether or not on condition that / only if provided (that) providing (that) suppose (that) / supposing (that) as/so long as in case (that) in the event (that)
1. If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.
2. I’ll go swimming tomorrow u it’s cold.
3. I’m going to go swimming tomorrow w it is cold .
4. Ron lent me the money c (that) I paid it back within three weeks.
5. The picnic will be cancelled it rains.
Only if it rains the picnic be cancelled.
6. Of course we’ll look after your kidsp /p (that) you can drop them off at our house.
7. S /S (that) you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
8. You’ll be quite safe /so you follow my instructions.
9. I’ll be at my uncle’s house c (that) you (should) need to reach me.
10. e (that) you (should) need to reach me, I’ll be at my uncle’s house.