1°ISTITUTO SUPERIORE “ARCHIMEDE”
ROSOLINI
Provincia di SIRACUSA
“Marketing Principles In modern school Management”
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SCHOOL YEAR 2005/2006
The historical, archaeological and also naturalistic importance of Pantalica is due to the over five thousand small rock-cut tombs, most of them dating from the 13th to 7th century B.C.
Pantalica, identified as the ancient Hybla , has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. It is a real natural fortress, defended by the deep gorges of the Anapo and Calcinara valley, joined to the plateau by a narrow isthmus and crossed by a deep ditch. Between the XIII and VIII century BC, the town was the ancient refuge of the native populations from the
threatening invasions of the Italic peoples arriving from the coast.The ancient city became prosperous, but now the only part still to be seen is the plinth of the Anaktoron, or palace of the prince. The site was abandoned during the Greek period, but Pantalica was once again inhabited from the Byzantine era until the time of the Arab domination.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the archaeologist Paolo Orsi started his researches and founded the wonderful site we can admire today. He also discovered a huge number of tombs.Mr. Paolo Orsi divided them into five groups: the North-west necropolis(600 tombs); the Northern necropolis(1500 tombs); the Easternnecropolis, called Cavetta,(almost 350 tombs); the Southern necropolis(700 tombs); and finally the necropolis of Filiporto(more-than-500).
The archeological findings of Pantalica are in the museum Paolo Orsi in Syracuse.
FLORA
The geological formation known as the cave iblee (or Hyblaean quarries), a series of deep canyons cutting through the landscape, has harboured a range of plants in a concentrated area: white and black poplars, willows, tamarisks, oleanders, wild orchids and the nettle urtica rupestris.
Clinging to the slopes elsewhere are patches of Mediterranean maquis: forest of holm and cork oaks , aromatic scrub of sage, thyme, giant fennel, euphorbia and thorny broom..
FAUNA
As regards fauna, the AnapoValley also accommodates a large number of different species: foxes, pine martens, porcupines, hares and hedgehogs, painted frogs and other amphibians, dippers, stone chats, kingfishers,partridgs and falcons.
EDUARDO DE FILIPPO
was born on 24 May 1900, the son of the actor Eduardo Scarpetta and Luisa De Filippo. Neapolitan-Italian, actor, director andplaywright. He started out very young in the company of his father, Eduardo Scarpetta with his brother and sister Titinaand Peppino.
In 1931 he wrote a famous play, "Natale in casa Cupiello"
In his works, which he also acted in and directed, he portrayed the comic and varied Neapolitan reality in popular dialect, giving Neapolitan the dignity of a language and contributing to the transformation of theatre in dialect into artistic one.
Among his many productions one remembers: Napoli Milionaria (MillionaireNaples) (1945), Questi fantasmi (These Ghosts) and Filumena Marturano (1946), Mia famiglia (My Family) (1953), Bene mio, core mio (My Love, MyHeart) (1956), De Pretore Vincenzo (1957), Sabato, domenica e lunedì (Saturday, Sunday and Monday) (1959), Il sindaco del rione Sanità (The Mayorof theSanità Quarter) (1961, later in a television version starring Anthony Quinn) and Gliesaminon finiscono mai (Examinations Never End) (1974).
Edoardo De Filippo was one of the most important authors and actors of this century, not just in Italy.
He wrote 39 published plays; 13 of these were one-acts. His most popular full-length works were translated into English.
Eduardo uses a farce frame for a tragic theme. He switches continuously from comedy to drama, makes audience laugh and cry. He's an equilibrist, mixing styles .
In November 1980 he received an honorary degree in letters from the University of Rome and in 1981 was appointed a life senator.
He died in Rome in 1984.
NAPOLI is the set of EDUARDO’s plays, a singular town in the South of Italy. Eduardo wrote inNeapolitan dialect, which makes his works less accessible than they merit, but also gave him the advantage of a rich, authentic voice to portray his favorite subjects, the real Neapolitans of the "quartieri" ever engaged in a mundane war of attrition to survive.
Eduardo
and Totò
After“Pulcinella”,two contemporary Neapolitan popular masks
Eduardowas appointed bySandro Pertini,President of Republic ,in 1981, as life senator for artistic and cultural merits.
Enrico Fermi
was born in Rome, on September 29, 1901.
The son of a railroad official, he studied at the University of Pisa from 1918 to 1922 and later at the universities of Leyden and Gottingen, in Germany.
In 1926, Fermi discovered the statistical laws, nowadays known as the «Fermi statistics», governing the particles subject to Pauli's exclusion principle (now referred to as «fermions», in contrast with «bosons» which obey the Bose-Einstein statistics).
He became professor of theoretical physics at the University of Rome in 1927.
Fermi's accomplishments were in both theoretical and experimental physics, a unique feat in an age in which scientific endeavours have tended to specialize on one aspect or the other.
In 1934, while at the University of Rome, Fermi began experimentswherehe bombarded a variety of elements with neutrons. He discovered that slow moving neutrons were especially effective in producing radioactive atoms. Not realizing he had split the atom, Fermi announced what he thought were elements beyond uranium.
He conducted these experiments in close cooperation with a group of young physicists named the "Via Panisperna boys", after the name of the road in which the Institute had its labs. Among his collaborators one remembers: Majorana, Segrè, Amaldi, Rasetti,Trabacchi, Pontecorvo, Corbino, the eldest and the director of the Department.
In 1938, Fermi won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons”
After Fermi received the prize in Stockholm, he, his wife Laura, and their children left Italy, never to return, for they had no respect for Fascism. By this time, the Fascistgovernment in Italy had instituted anti-Semitic laws, and Fermi's wife, Laura Capon, was Jewish. Soon after his arrival in New York, Fermi began working at Columbia University.
In the meantime the Nazism took possession of many European countries, repressing freedom.
Fermi continued to conduct nuclear fission experiments at ColumbiaUniversity. In 1940, Fermi's team confirmed that absorption of a neutron by a uranium nucleus can cause the nucleus to split into two nearly equal parts, releasing several neutrons and enormous amounts of energy. The potential for a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction had become a strong possibility.
Fermi was placed in charge of the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago in 1942. His team developed the first atomic pile and produced the first nuclear chain reaction. The project was moved to New Mexico in 1944, and on July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated at Alamogordo Air Base.
It was not necessary to use the atomic bomb to free European people from Hitler’s dictatorship. Moreover, the scientific research, in Germany, hadn’t reached the same results as in America. So they had no real possibility to build the atomic bomb. Instead the American government decided to use the bomb against Japan, in Hiroshima andNagasaki, after their attack on PearlHarbour.
The FermiParadox
"Where are they? Why haven't we seen any traces of intelligent extraterrestrial life?"
These simple questions are possibly apocryphal but Fermi is widely credited with simplifying and clarifying the problem of the probability of extraterrestrial life.
After the war, Fermi continued his pioneering research on high energy particles.
In 1953, Fermi visited Italy for the final time.
On November 28, 1954, Fermi died
at the age of 53 of stomach cancer in Chicago, Illinois and was interred there in Oak Woods Cemetery.