1.  If something is considered to be organic what specific element must it contain?

2.  Create a Venn-Diagram for Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:

3.  The Four Large Biomolecules/ Macromolecules

Biomolecule / Elements Include: / Monomer / Sketch the Structure / Function
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4.  What is the difference between a steroid and a sugar/ what biomolecule is a steroid?

5.  What is a polar molecule?

6.  What is the difference between a Solute and a Solvent?

7.  The chloroplast creates sugars using the sun’s energy; the mitochondria create ______by breaking down those sugars.

8.  Label the following organelles and the purpose of each:

9.  Describe the endosymbiotic theory:

10.  Draw a phospholipid and label it with the following words:

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, polar, non-polar, phosphate, lipid.

11.  What is the purpose of the phospholipid bilayer?

12.  Define Semipermeable:

13.  Define Homeostasis:

14.  Define Osmosis:

15.  Define Diffusion:

16.  What are solutes and what are solvents?

17.  Label the pictures as to what solution the cell has been placed in.

18.  What type of cell are Animal cells and Plant cells: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

19.  What is entering or leaving the blood cell while it is trying to achieve homeostasis?

20.  Different ways that materials (nutrients, water) can be move through the cell membrane are by passive or active transport. Fill in the following chart concerning these types of transport:

Examples / Requires ATP? / Concentrations gradient
(highàlow)
(lowà high)
Passive Transport
Active Transport

21.  Label the following solutions each cell is in, draw arrows show the direction water will move:

22.  What are the four nucleotide bases found in DNA?

23.  Group the four nucleotide bases into either purines or pyrimidines

24.  What are the three components of the subunit of nucleic acids?

25.  When what phase does DNA replication occur:

26.  What is the purpose of DNA replication?

27.  What are the two key differences in RNA and DNA?

28.  What is the backbone of DNA composed of?

29.  What are the rungs of the DNA ladder composed of?

30.  What is the shape of DNA referred to as?

31.  Where does DNA replication occur?

32.  What is a chromosome made of?

33.  What is the product of transcription?

34.  Transcribe the following message: TACAATTTAGGGCAGCCC

35.  What would be the anti-codons for the DNA in question 34?

36.  What would be the complementary strand for the DNA in question 34?

37.  Where does transcription occur in the cell?

38.  Where does translation occur in the cell?

39.  Translate the following segments:

  1. -AUGCCCUAGAAU
  2. -AUGGACACCGGA
  3. -TACATTGTACCC

40.  What is the biomolecule that is produced by the process of translation?

41.  What type of bond holds amino acid monomers together to create a protein polymer?

42.  DNA: TAC ACC GAT TTA AAC ATC

Mutated DNA: TAC ACC GAA TTA AAC ATC

·  What type of mutation occurred above?

DNA: TAC ACC GAT TTA AAC ATC

Mutated DNA: TAC ACC CGA TTT AAA CAT C

·  What type of mutation occurred above?

43.  Explain the importance of mitosis.

44.  Explain the importance of meiosis.

45.  Compare the following with mitosis and meiosis:

  1. -# of daughter cells
  2. -# of Chromosomes (explain Haploid and Diploid)
  3. -where they take place: somatic cells or germ cells (explain each of these cells)
  4. -Which is an asexual form of reproduction?

46.  What protein regulates cellular division?

47.  Give examples of gametes?

48.  What is a zygote?

49.  Why do cells have to divide, why can’t they keep growing?

50.  What is a tetrad and what is crossing over and what does it allow for?

51.  What is non-disjunction?

52.  Monohybrid crosses:

Trait / Dominant allele / Recessive allele
Number of fingers / D= Six / d=Five
Cleft Chin / C=Cleft Chin / c=No cleft chin
Earlobes / F=Hanging / f=attached

-What are the chances of having a child with six fingers, if…(Polydactyly: having six fingers)

Show work for each:

-both parents are heterozygous?

-one parent has five fingers, and the other is heterozygous?

-both parents have five fingers?

-Predict how many children in a family of four will have cleft chins if……

-one parent has a cleft chin and the other is homozygous for cleft chin.

-Both parents have cleft chins and both are homozygous.

-both parents have cleft chins and each of them has a parent who has a cleft chin.

-A child is born with attached earlobes, but both parents have hanging earlobes.

-What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the parents?

-What is the genotype and phenotype for the child?

53.  If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (XRXr) crossed with a white-eyed male (XrY), what percent of their offspring would have white eyes?

54.  If a dad is heterozygous for blood type AB marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. What is the percent chance they will have a baby with Type A blood?

Semester 1 Exam Review

55.  Cross two pea plants that are heterozygous for green and round peas. Green is dominate to yellow/ round is dominate to wrinkled. Give the Phenotypic and genotypic ratios: