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1. What are the 5 Ws?
Who / Who was involved?
Who were the main players and key actors?
What / What happened?
Review the main events.
Where / Where did this take place?
A continent is ok;
A country is better, and
A city is best.
When / When did this event take place?
A century is ok,
A decade is better, and
The right year is best.
Why / What was their motivation?
What drove the principle players?
What goals were they trying to achieve?
2. What is historical significance?
How this person, place or thing changed the course of history
Why is it important to study them?
What did they do that was really important?
What great deeds did they do to become memorable?
What really bad deeds did they do to become memorable?
Why are we studying them?
3. Directions.
Identify the Scavenger Hunt terms:
Discuss the 5 Ws and historical significance
Your goal is to write two paragraphs. The first paragraph covers the 5 Ws, and the second paragraph covers historical significance.
You may work in groups of no more than ______
Due date: ______
Scavenger Hunt Samples.
Andersonville.
The Andersonville prison, officially known as Camp Sumter. In Andersonville Georgia it was the largest Confederate military prison during the Civil War. Headed by Henry Wirz took its first prisoners in January 1864 and quickly became over crowded. Conditions were so poor that it is said that more Union Soldiers died there than in any Civil War battle.
In the aftermath of the war the American public craved vengeance. Henry Wirz gave them a scape goat. Wirz was found guilty of murder and was sentenced to death. On November 10, 1865 he was hanged. Wirz was the only Confederate official to be tried and convicted of war crimes resulting from the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter was a stronghold for the United States built after the war of 1812. It provided as a defense of Charleston harbor, loaded with cannons, guns and mortars. Fort Sumter was the official location of the start of our country’s civil war, when confederate armies opened fire upon the fort for 33 straight hours. The union troop returned fire, but was highly ineffective since they neglected use of their long range guns on the top tier of the fort. The next day, the fort was lost, and the union troops were evacuated. This battle was extremely important, as it did start the bloodiest war in our history, claiming nearly 600,000 lives.
Bill Of Rights
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison worked diligently to propose the Bill of Rights, or the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. They provide rights for US citizens and limit the government’s control of the people. Rights included the freedom of speech, right to bear arms, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and some criminal rights, including right to due process and a trial by jury of peers. During the time of its proposition, federalists and anti-federalists were battling over the ability to amend the constitution, but natural rights and earlier bills such as the Magna Carta had influence over the decision to implement the rights with the constitution. To this day, the Bill of Rights is an integral part of our government today, and freedom of speech and freedom of religion encompass the main rights we have as citizens.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist, and humanitarian during the U.S. Civil War. After escaping from captivity, she made thirteen missions to rescue over seventy slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Tubman has become a symbol of African-Americans during the Civil War. Her bravery and efforts have made her an inspiration to generation fighting for Civil Rights and Equality.
Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix was appointed as the Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War. After the Civil War she went on to become a crusader for the rights of the mentally ill and created the first generation of mental asylums.
Dix and her nurses often were the only ones who cared for the wounded Confederate troops. Even thought it put her at odds with the Union Army Doctors. She left a legacy of care to all who need it. That continues to influence the nursing fields today.
The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico between 1846 and 1848. The major cause was the United States’ annexation of Texas in 1845. At first the United States tried to negotiate to buy the land that now makes up Texas, New Mexico and California. But when Mexico refused, violence began to erupt along the border. Congress declared war on May 13th 1846. The war ended 4 years later, with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In the treaty the border between Mexico and the US at the Rio Grande river was established. Mexico also ceded the land that now makes up California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
For the most part after the Mexican-American War. The continental United States looks as it does today. Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Spurring the belief in Manifest Destiny. As citizens began to inhabit the newly acquired land, new problems began popping up. Such as the induction of new states into the union. If either a slave state or a free state was inducted into the union it would disrupt the delicate balance of power in Washington. Important Civil War figures, such as Robert E Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Ulysses S Grant, participated in this war as junior officers. Possibly affecting the way they would conduct their troops later.
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800square miles of the French territory Louisiana in 1803. This land included around 23% of the land that now makes up the United States. The overall cost was about 15 million, which included the cancelation of debts that France owed. The original goal of the purchase was to acquire the city of New Orleans, which through its location controlled commerce along the Mississippi river. At the time France was involved in the Napoleonic wars, uprising colonists in the Caribbean and was facing mounting debt. The US was prepared to offer 10 million for the city of New Orleans, but when France offered the entire territory for 15 million the US took it.
The purchase was a pivotal moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, it faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. Although he felt that the US Constitution did not contain any provisions for acquiring territory. The purchase provided a president for future presidents of the limits of their powers and what they were able to do. The purchase also opened up the interior of the country for settlement. At the time the population was booming and advancing further westward.
The 3/5 clause was a compromise between the northern and southern states during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman. It stated that 3/5 of the slave population would be counted for the purposes of tax delegation and the appointment of representatives in the United States House of Representatives. The northern states that opposed slavery wanted only the free population to count, where as the southern slave states wanted to count the slaves in their population. Since the slaves were not able to vote the south would benefit from being able to have a larger number of representatives. The clause remained in the constitution until the Civil War.
The decision had a major effect on pre civil war politics, due to the disproportionate representation of southern states. In 1833 the south had 98 seats instead of the 73 they would have had without the clause. As a result the south dominated the Presidency, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court prior to the Civil War.
Clara Barton
American Civil War
Clara Barton circa 1866.
In April 1862, after the First Battle of Bull Run, Barton established an agency to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers. She was given a pass by General William Hammond to ride in army ambulances to provide comfort to the soldiers and nurse them back to health and lobbied the U.S. Army bureaucracy, at first without success, to bring her own medical supplies to the battlefields. Finally, in July 1862, she obtained permission to travel behind the lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia. In 1864 she was appointed by Union General Benjamin Franklin Butler (politician) as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James.
In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln placed Barton in charge of the search for the missing men of the Union Army. Around this time, a young soldier named Dorence Atwater came to her door. He had copied the list of the dead without being discovered by the Andersonville officials, and taken it with him through the lines when he was released from the prison. Having been afraid that the names of the dead would never get to the families, it was his intention to publish the list. He did accomplish this. His list of nearly 13,000 men was considered invaluable. When the war ended, Barton and Atwater were sent to Andersonville with 42 headboard carvers, and Barton gave credit to young Dorence for what came to be known as “The Atwater List” in her report of the venture. Dorence also has a report at the beginning of this list, still available through Andersonville National Historic Site in Georgia. Because of the work they did, they became known as the "Angels of Andersonville," according to a biography of Barton. She was also known as "The Angel of the Battlefield".[2] Her work in Andersonville is displayed in the book, Numbering All the Bones, by Ann Rinaldi. This experience launched her on a nationwide campaign to identify all soldiers missing during the Civil War. She published lists of names in newspapers and exchanged letters with soldiers’ families.
Barton then achieved widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences. She met Susan B. Anthony and began a long association with the suffrage movement. She also became acquainted with Frederick Douglass and became an activist for black civil rights, or an abolitionist.
The years of toil during the Civil War and her dedicated work searching for missing soldiers debilitated Barton's health. In 1868, her doctors recommended a restful trip to Europe. In 1870, while she was overseas, she became involved with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and its humanitarian work during the Franco-Prussian War. Created in 1864, the ICRC had been chartered to provide humane services to all victims of war under a flag of neutrality.
When Clara Barton returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government. When she began work on this project in 1873, most Americans thought the U.S. would never again face a calamity like the Civil War, but Barton finally succeeded during the administration of President James Garfield, using the argument that the new American Red Cross could respond to crises other than war. As Barton expanded the original concept of the Red Cross to include assisting in any great national disaster, this service brought the United States the "Good Samaritan of Nations" label.
Barton naturally became President of the American branch of the society, which was founded on May 21, 1881 in Dansville, NY.[3] John D. Rockefeller donated funds to create a national headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania located one block from the White House.
Barton at first dedicated the American Red Cross to performing disaster relief, such as after the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane. This changed with the advent of the Spanish-American War during which it aided refugees and prisoners of war. In 1896, responding to the humanitarian crisis in the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the Hamidian Massacres, Barton sailed to Istanbul and after long negotiations with Abdul Hamid II, opened the first American International Red Cross headquarters in the heart of Beijing, China. Barton herself traveled along with five other Red Cross expeditions to the Armenian provinces in the spring of 1896. Barton also worked in hospitals in Cuba in 1898 at the age of seventy-seven.[4] As criticism arose of her management of the American Red Cross, plus her advancing age, Barton resigned as president in 1904, at the age of 83.
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