PASSAGE 7
Although women now (1)____almost half of all workers in the US, nearly 80 percent of them are employed in low-paying clerical, sales, service, or factory jobs. Approximately a third of all women workers have clerical jobs, which pay(2)____average $12,000 or less. Partly as a result, women make only seventy-five cents for every dollar (3)___by men. (4)_____, men routinely make more money even when education, experience, and responsibilties are (5)___
The gap in male-female earning had great significance because more than 16 percent of US households are (6)_____by women. Low-paying jobs keep many of these households in poverty. Women’s groups such as National Organization for Women have demanded that equal opportunities and equal pay (7)______to women. According to women’s (8)_____Maggie McAnany, “It is imperative that the government help to change the stiation (of employment for women). We cannot wait for the companies to (9)_____themselves. Change must come (10)______the law.”
1. A. made of B. make up C. take up D. take in
2. A. on B. at C. in D. for
3.A. earns B. earning C. to earn D. earned
4. A. Although B. Whatever C. Moreover D. Contrary
5. A. equally B. equality C. equal D. equalizing
6. A. headed B. hosted C. carried D. licensed
7. A. are giving B. are given C. is giving D. be given
8. A. action B. activity C. activist D. active
9. A. restore B. regain C. regard D. reform
10. A. for B. through C. at D. along
PASSAGE 8
If you are invited to someone's house for dinner in the United States, you should (1) ______a gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates. If you give your host a (2) ______gift, he/she may open it in front of you. Opening a present in front of the gift-giver is considered (3) ______. It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and wants to show his/her (4) ______to you immediately. (5) _____ the host doesn't like it, he/she will tell a "(6) _____ lie" and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad. If your host asks you to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive (7) ______on time or earlier than the (8) ______time, because this is considered to be potentially inconvenient and (9) ______rude, as the host may not be (10) ______.
1. A. take / B give / C. bring / D. make2. A. unwanted / B valuable / C. unpacked / D. wrapped
3. A. rude / B. polite / C. impolite / D. funny
4. A. appreciation / B. admiration / C. respect / D. enjoyment
5. A. Since / B. Only if / C. Even if / D. Whether
6. A. great / B. obvious / C. deliberate / D. white
7. A. gradually / B. exactly / C. perfectly / D. recently
8. A. expected / B. permitted / C. waited / D. wasted
9. A. however / B. never / C. therefore / D. consequently
10.A. willing / B. ready / C. welcome / D. waiting
PASSAGE 9
Interpreting the feelings of other people is not always easy, as we all know, and we (1)……… as much on what they seem to be telling us, as on the actual words they say. Facial (2)……… and tone of voice are obvious ways of showing our reaction to something, and it may well be that we (3)….express views that we are trying to hide. The art of being (4)……… …lies in picking up these signals, realising what the other person is trying to say, and acting so that they are not embarrassed in any way. For example, we may understand that they are in fact (5)… ……..to answer our question, and so we stop pressing them. Body movements in general may also indicate feelings, and interviewers often (6)…… ……particular attention to the way a candicate for a job walks into the room and sits down. However, it is not difficult to present the right kind of appearance while what many employers want to know relates to the candidate’s character traits, and (7)… …..stability. This raises the awkward question of whether job candidates should be asked to complete psychological tests, and the further problem of whether such tests actually produce reliable results. For many people, being asked to take part in such a test would be an objectionable (8)…… ……..into their private lives.
After all, a prospective employer would hardly ask a candidate to run a hundred metres, or expect his or her family doctor to provide (9)……… ….medical information. Quite apart from this problem, can such tests predict whether a person is likely to be a (10)…… ……employee or a valued colleague?
1. A. estimate / B. rely / C. reckon / D. trust2. A. looks / B. expression / C. image / D. manner
3. A. unconsciously / B. rarely / C. unaware / D. cannot
4. A. good at / B. humble / C. tactful / D. successful
5. A. reluctant / B. used / C. tending / D. hesitant
6. A. set / B. again / C. in / D. pay
7. A. similar / B. physical / C. psychological / D. relevant
8. A. invation / B. intrusion / C. infringement / D. interference
9. A. classified / B. secretive / C. reticent / D. confidential
10. A. thorough / B. particular / C. labourious / D. conscientious
PASSAGE 10
Ask anyone over forty to make a comparison (1)…………………the past and the present and nine out of ten people will tell you that things have been getting (2)……………….worse for as long as they can remember. Take the weather for example, which has been behaving rather strangely lately. Everyone remembers that in their childhood the summers were (3)………………hotter, and that winter always included abundant falls of snow just when the school holidays had started. Of course, the food in those days was far superior too, as nothing was imported and everything was fresh. Unemployment was (4)……………….. , the pound really was worth something, and you could buy a sizeable house even if your means were (5)…………….. And above all, people were somehow better in those days, far more friendly, not inclined to crime or violence, and spent their free time making mordern boats and tending their stamp collections (6)………………. than gazing at the television screen for hours on end. As we know that this picture of the past (7)…………………cannot be true, and there are plenty of statistics dealing with health and prosperity which prove that it is not true, why is it that we all have a (8)………………..to idealize the past? Is this simply nostalgia? Or is it rather that we need to believe in an image of the world which is (9)………………..the opposite of what we see around us? Whichever it is, at least it leaves us with a nagging feeling that the present could be better, and perhaps (10)………………….us to be a little more critical about the way we live.
1. A. with / B. from / C. between / D. in2. A. out / B. so / C. virtually / D. steadily
3. A. not only / B. at least / C. rarely / D. considerably
4. A. petty / B. negligible / C. miniature / D. trivial
5. A. mediocre / B. confined / C. rationed / D. limited
6. A. other / B. rather / C. usually / D. different
7. A. simly / B. hardly / C. especially / D. specifically
8. A. habit / B. custom / C. tendency / D. practice
9. A. quite / B. widely / C. utterly / D. rather
10. A. reassures / B. encourages / C. makes / D. supports
B. READING COMPREHENSION
STRATEGIES FOR THE READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS.
1. Skim the reading passage to determine the main idea and the overall organization od ideas in the passage. You do not neeed to understand every detail in each passage to answer the questions correctly. It is therefore a waste of time to read the passage with the intent of understanding every single detail before you try to answer the questions.
2. Look ahead at the questions to determine what types of questions you must answer. Each type of questions is answered in a different way.
3. Find the section of the passage that deals with each question. The question type tells you exactly where to look in the passage to find correct answers.
- For main idea questions, look at the first line of each paragraph
- For directly and indirectly answered detail questions, choose a key word in the question, and skim for that key word (or a related idea) in order in the passage.
- For vocabulary questions, the question will tell you where the word is located in the passage.
- For overall review questions, the answers are found anywhere in the passage.
4. Read the part of the passage that contains the answer carefully. The answer will probably in the same sentence (or one sentence before or after) thekey word or idea.
5. Choose the best answer to each question from the four answer choices listed. You can choose the best answer according to what is given in the appropriate section of thepassage, eliminate definitely wrong answer, and mark your best guess on the answer sheet.
Questions about the ideas of the passage
SKILL I: ANSWER MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
MAIN IDEA QUESTIONSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / What is the topic of the passage?
What is the subject of the passage?
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the author’s main point in the passage?
With what is the author primarily concerned?
Which of the following would be the best title?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The answers to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Read the first line of each paragraph.
2. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines.
3. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have really found the topic sentence(s).
4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
SKILL 2: RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS
ORGANIZATION OF IDEASHOW TO IDENTIFY THE
QUESTION / How is the information in the passage organized?
How is the information in the second paragraph related to the information in the first paragraph?
WHERE TO FIND THE
ANSWER / The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of the appropriate paragraphs
HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION / 1. Read the first line of each paragraph
2. Look for words that show the relationship between the paragraphsp
3. Choose the answer that best expresses the relationship
SKILL 3: ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
STATED DETAIL QUESTIONSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / According to the passage…
It is stated in the passage…
The passage indicates that…
Which of the following is true..?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The answers to these questions are found in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Choose a key word in the question.
2. Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea.
3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully.
4. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
SKILL 4: FIND “UNSTATED” DETAILS
“UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / Which of the following is not stated…?
Which of the following is not mentioned…?
Which of the following is not discussed…?
All of the following are true except…
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Choose a key word in the question.
2. Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key word (or related idea).
3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully.
4. Look for the answers that are definitely true according to the passage. Eliminate those answers.
5. Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the passage.
SKILL 5: FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS
PRONOUN REFERENTSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / The pronoun “…” in line X refers to which of the following?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The line where the pronoun is located is given in the question. The noun that the pronoun refers to is generally found before the pronoun.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Locate the pronoun in the passage.
2. Look before the pronoun for nouns that agree with the pronoun.
3. Try each of the nouns in the context in place of the pronoun.
4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
SKILL 6- ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / It is implied in the passage that …..
It can be inferred from the passage that ….
It is most likely that ….
What probably happened ….?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Choose a key word in the question
2. Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea)
3. Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word
4. Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence
SKILL 7: ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
TRANSITION QUESTIONSHOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION / The paragraph preceding the passage probably …
What is the most likely in the paragraph following the passage?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER / The answers can generally be found in the first line of the passage for a preceding question. The answer can generally be found in the last line for a following question.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION / 1. Read the first line for a preceding question.
2. Read the last line for a following question.
3. Draw a conclusion about what comes before or after.
4. Choose the answer that is reflected in the first or last line of the passage.
SKILL 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES