Y10 Christmas homework
Task 1 - Use BBC bitesize and kerboodle online to take 4 pages of notes on the following topics
- Cell transport (
- Chromatography (
- Forces (
Task 2 - Complete the BBC bitesize quizzes on the topics you have made notes on. Repeat the quizzes until you achieve 100%, you will be tested on these topics in January!
Task 3 - Complete the 6 mark questions in your exercise books
- Mitosis
- Kinetic energy
- Structure and bonding
Task 4 - Complete the exam-style questions in your exercise books
- Cell transport
- Chromatography
- Calculating Mr
- Forces
6 mark questions
- Mitosis
Question: Describe what happens during the cell cycle. (6)
Success criteria / Level 1 (1-2 marks) / Level 2 (3-4 marks) / Level 3 (5-6 marks)State what the cell cycle is and state the number of stages in the cell cycle / Level 1 plus…
A simple description of each stage of the cell cycle / Level 1 and 2 plus…
A detailed description of each stage of the cell cycle, using correct scientific terminology
Teacher feedback for improvement
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EBI:
- Kinetic energy
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
A car moving at a constant speed has 360 000 J in its kinetic energy store.
When the driver applies the brakes, the car stops in a distance of 100 m.
- Calculate the force that stops the vehicle. (3)
- The speed of the car was 30 m/s when its kinetic energy store was 360 000 J. Calculate its mass. (3)
State the relationship between work done and kinetic energy transferred from store / Level 1 plus…
State the equation that links work done, force and distance / Level 1 and 2 plus…
State and rearrange the kinetic energy equation
Teacher feedback for improvement
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- Structure and bonding
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Figure 1shows the outer electrons in an atom of the Group 1 element potassium and in an atom of the Group 6 element sulfur.
Figure 1
Potassium forms an ionic compound with sulfur.
Describe what happens whentwoatoms of potassium react withoneatom of sulfur. (6)
Success criteria / Level 1 (1-2 marks) / Level 2 (3-4 marks) / Level 3 (5-6 marks)State the type of bonding involved. / Level 1 plus…
Explain your answer in terms of electron transfer. / Level 1 and 2 plus…
Give the formulae of the ions formed
Teacher feedback for improvement
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EBI:
Exam-style questions
Cell transport
1.0Figure 1 showscells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.
Figure 1
1.1Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A
B
C
D
1.2Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
active transport / diffusion / membranesmitochondria / nuclei / osmosis
[2 marks]
Oxygen is taken into cells by the process of ______.
The parts of cells that use the most oxygen are ______.
1.3Which process produces oxygen in some cells?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Diffusion
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Respiration
2.0Figure 2 showspart of the surface of a plant root.
Figure 2
2.1There are hundreds of structureX on each root.
What is the name of structure X?
[1 mark]
2.2The photograph shows the root magnified 100 times. The distance between Y and Z in the photograph is the length of structure X.
Calculate the actual length of Y–Z.
[1 mark]
Actual length Y–Z = ______mm
2.3Structure X is very small. There are hundreds of structures like X on a plant root.
Explain how this helps the plant.
[2 marks]
3.0Figure 3 shows muscle cells from the wall of the stomach, as seen through a light microscope.
Figure 3
3.1Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach.
[2 marks]
3.2Figure 3 is highly magnified.
The scale bar in Figure 3 represents 0.1 mm.
Calculate the magnification of the cells in Figure 3.
[2 marks]
Magnification =______times
3.3The muscle cells in Figure 3 contain many mitochondria.
What is the function of mitochondria?
[1 mark]
3.4The muscle cells also contain many ribosomes. The ribosomes cannot be seen in Figure 3.
What is the function of a ribosome?
[1 mark]
3.5Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope.
[1 mark]
Chromatography
Q1.A student used paper chromatography to investigate the colours in different inks.
Figure 1 shows the apparatus the student used.
Figure 1
(a)The student made two mistakes in setting up the apparatus.
Identify the two mistakes.
Describe the problem each mistake would cause.
Mistake 1......
Problem......
......
......
Mistake 2......
Problem......
......
......
(4)
(b)The student then set up the apparatus without making any mistakes.
Figure 2 shows his results.
Figure 2
What colours are in the black ink?
......
......
(1)
(c)Which of the inks is the most soluble in the solvent?
Give a reason for your answer.
Ink......
Reason......
......
(2)
(d)Use Figure 2 to complete the table below, then calculate the Rf value for red ink.
Distance in mmDistance moved by red ink / ......
Distance from start line to solvent front / ......
The Rf value for red ink is calculated using the equation.
Rf =
Give your answer to two significant figures.
......
......
Rf value = ......
(5)
(e)How can you tell from Figure 2 that the Rf value for the blue ink is greater than the Rf value for the red ink?
......
......
(1)
(Total 13 marks)
Q2. Icing on cakes is tested to check that safe colours were used when they were made.
Paper chromatography is one method of testing which colours are in cake icing.
(a) The diagram shows an experiment a student did.
(i) Suggest why there is a lid on the container.
......
......
(1)
(ii)The start line should be drawn in pencil not in ink.
Suggest why.
......
......
(1)
(b) The diagram shows the results of the paper chromatography experiment.
(i) How many different food colours were used in the colouring from the cake icing?
......
(1)
(ii)Is the cake icing safe to eat?
Give a reason for your answer.
......
......
(1)
Q3.A student used paper chromatography to identify the pigments in spinach leaves.
She used propanone as a solvent.
Figure 1 shows the student’s results.
Figure 1
(a)Name the mobile phase and the stationary phase in the student’s experiment.
Mobile phase ......
Stationary phase ......
(2)
(b)What does Figure 1 tell you about the green pigment from spinach?
......
......
......
......
......
......
(3)
(c)Write the equation that links distance moved by solvent, distance moved by solute and Rf value.
......
(1)
(d)Use Figure 1 to calculate the Rf value for pigment B.
......
......
......
......
......
Rf value = ......
(3)
(e)Another student set up the apparatus shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
This student did not set up the apparatus correctly.
Identify the errors the student made.
Explain how the errors she made would affect her results.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
Q4.Chromatography can be used to separate components of a mixture.
(a) A student used paper chromatography to analyse a black food colouring.
The student placed spots of known food colours, A, B, C, D and E, and the black food colouring on a sheet of chromatography paper.
The student set up the apparatus as shown in Diagram 1.
Diagram 1
The student made two errors in setting up the apparatus.
Identify the two errors and describe the problem each error would cause.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
(4)
(b) A different student set up the apparatus without making any errors.
The chromatogram in Diagram 2 shows the student’s results.
Diagram 2
(i)What do the results tell you about the composition of the black food colouring?
......
......
......
(2)
(ii)Use Diagram 2 to complete Table 1.
Table 1
Distance in mmDistance from start line to solvent front / ......
Distance moved by food colourC / ......
(2)
(iii)Use your answers in part (b) (ii) to calculate the Rf value for food colourC.
......
......
Rf value = ......
(1)
(c) Table 2 gives the results of chromatography experiments that were carried out on some known food colours, using the same solvent as the students.
Table 2
Name of food colour / Distance from start line to solvent front in mm / Distance moved by food colour in mm / Rf valuePonceau 4R / 62 / 59 / 0.95
Carmoisine / 74 / 45 / 0.61
Fast red / 67 / 27 / 0.40
Erythrosine / 58 / 17 / 0.29
Which of the food colours in Table 2 could be food colourC from the chromatogram?
Give the reason for your answer.
......
......
......
(2)
(d) Two types of chromatography are gas chromatography and paper chromatography.
Give one advantage of gas chromatography compared with paper chromatography.
......
......
(1)
(Total 12 marks)
Calculating Mr
•The Mr is the total of the relative atomic masses, added up in the ratio shown in the chemical formula, of a substance.
•This can be calculated using a 4-step method:
Write out the elements
Write the number of atoms of each element
Calculate the Ar of the atoms of each element
Add up the total mass of the elements (this is your Mr!)
Exemplar
Ca(OH)2
Step 1: Elements
Ca
O
H
Step 2: number of atoms
Ca x 1
O x 2
H x 2
Step 3:
40 x 1 = 40
16 x 2 = 32
1 x 2 = 2
Step 4:
40 + 32 + 2 = 74
Question 1:
- Repeat the steps above for MgSO4 (magnesium sulphate)
Step 1: Elements
Step 2: number of atoms
Step 3:
Step 4:
- Use the table to calculate the Mr of the following compounds:
Forces
Q1.The diagram shows the passenger train on part of a rollercoaster ride.
(a) Which arrow shows the direction of the resultant force acting on the passenger train?
Put a tick () in the box next to your choice.
(1)
(b) For part of the ride, the maximum gravitational field strength acting on the passengers seems 3 times bigger than normal.
Normal gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
(i)Calculate the maximum gravitational field strength that seems to act on the passengers during the ride.
......
......
Maximum gravitational field strength = ...... N/kg
(1)
(ii)One of the passengers has a mass of 75 kg.
Calculate the maximum weight this passenger seems to have during the ride.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
......
......
Maximum weight = ...... N
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q2.The diagram shows a worker using a constant force of 60 N to push a crate across the floor.
My Revision Notes AQA GCSE Physics for A* – C, Steve Witney, © Philip Allan UK
(a) The crate moves at a constant speed in a straight line
(i)Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the friction force acting on the moving crate.
(1)
(ii) State the size of the friction force acting on the moving crate.
...... N
Give the reason for your answer.
......
......
(2)
(b) Calculate the work done by the worker to push the crate 28 metres.
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
Choose the unit from the list below.
joule / newton / watt......
......
Work done = ......
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q3.(a)The diagram shows two forces acting on an object.
What is the resultant force acting on the object?
Tick () one box.
8 N to the right /8 N to the left /
4 N to the right /
4 N to the left /
(1)
(b) BASE jumpers jump from very high buildings and mountains for sport.
The diagram shows the forces acting on a BASE jumper in flight.
The BASE jumper is wearing a wingsuit.
(i)Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete each sentence.
smaller thanThe BASE jumper accelerates forwards when force A is / equal to / force B.
bigger than
smaller than
The BASE jumper falls with a constant speed when force C is / equal to / force D.
bigger than
(2)
(ii)To land safely the BASE jumper opens a parachute.
What effect does opening the parachute have on the speed of the falling BASE jumper?
......
Give a reason for your answer.
......
......
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4.This question is about forces.
(a)Force is a vector quantity.
Which is a correct statement about a vector quantity?
Tick one box.
Has direction only /Has direction and magnitude /
Has magnitude only /
Has neither magnitude nor direction /
(1)
(b)A newtonmeter measures the weight of an object.
Look at the figure below.
What is the weight of the object in the figure above?
Weight = ...... N
(1)
(c)An object has a weight of 6.4 N.
Calculate the mass of the object.
Use the equation
mass = weight ÷ gravitational field strength (g)
gravitational field strength = 9.8 N / kg
......
......
Mass = ...... kg
(1)
(d)The mass of a bag of sugar is 1 kg.
•On Earth the weight of this bag of sugar is 10 N.
•On Mars the weight of this bag of sugar is 4 N.
Suggest why the weight of the bag of sugar is different on Earth and on Mars.
......
......
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.(a) The diagrams, A, B and C, show the horizontal forces acting on a moving car.
Draw a line to link each diagram to the description of the car's motion at the moment when the forces act.
Draw only three lines.
stationaryA
constant speed
B
slowing down
C
accelerating forwards
(3)
(b) The front crumple zone of a car is tested at a road traffic laboratory. This is done by using a remote control device to drive the car into a strong barrier. Electronic sensors are attached to a dummy inside the car.
(i)Draw an arrow in Box 1 to show the direction of the force that the car exerts on the barrier.
(1)
(ii)Draw an arrow in Box 2 to show the direction of the force that the barrier exerts on the car.
(1)
(iii)Complete the following by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
The car exerts a force of 5000 N on the barrier. The barrier does not move. The force
more thanexerted by the barrier on the car will be / equal to / 5000 N.
less than
(1)
(iv)Whichone of the following gives the most likely reason for attaching electronic sensors to the dummy?
Put a tick () in the box next to your answer.
To measure the speed of the car just before the impact. /To measure the forces exerted on the dummy during the impact. /
To measure the distance the car travels during the impact. /
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q6. The diagram below shows an empty cargo ship. It is not moving.
(a) The water exerts a force on the ship. In which direction does this force act?
......
(1)
(b) The diagram below shows the same cargo ship. This time it has a full load of cargo.
(i) How does the force exerted by the water on the ship change as the ship is loaded?
......
(1)
(ii) Why has the force exerted by the water changed?
......
(1)
(Total 3 marks)