World History Enlightenment Unit Test
I. Multiple Choice
1. According to the Ptolemaic system ______
a. the moon is the center of the universe and the Earth and stars revolve around it
b. the Earth revolves around the moon and the moon revolves around the sun
c. the universe is a series of concentric spheres with the earth at the center
d. the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
2. ______was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth was the center of the universe.
a. Ptolemyb. Galileo Galilei
c. Nicholas Copernicusd. Martin Luther
3. ______proved that the heliocentric theory of the universe was correct by using a telescope to observe.
a. Ptolemyb. Galileo Galilei
c. Nicholas Copernicusd. Martin Luther
4. Francis Bacon, an English philosopher believed scientists should ______.
a. rely on the Bible to understand everything
b. understand that things happen in nature by pure chance and luck
c. use reasoning, hypothesis and observation to test in order to learn
d. trust the ideas of ancient Greeks and Romans in all things concerning science
5. ______is known as the father of physics because of his work with gravity and motion.
a. Johann Keplerb. Isaac Newton
c. Francis Bacond. Thomas Hobbes
6. In order to make scientific research results easier to find and therefore advance knowledge Denis Diderot created the ______.
a. telescopeb. scientific method
c. periodic table of the elementsc. Encyclopedia
7. During the enlightenment era, literature was changed with the introduction of the ______.
a. novelb. short story
c. narrative c. epic poem
8. Frederick II, Joseph II, and Catherine the Great were known as “enlightened despots” because______.
a. they believed it was the job of the monarch to serve the people
b. they made huge changes to life in Europe and established democratic governments
c. they stepped down from their thrones and gave power to the people
d. they fought against the nobles in order to give power to the peasants
9. The Catholic Church disagreed with the works of Copernicus and Galileo because ______
a. they showed that old Catholic science beliefs were wrong and this might cause people to question the Church
b. Copernicus and Galileo had no real mathematical evidence to prove their ideas
c. Copernicus and Galileo were both widely known to be devil worshipers
d. Copernicus and Galileo were Protestants
10. England and its American colonies first began to have disagreements immediately following the ______.
a. founding of Jamestown colony
b. fighting of the 7 years war
c. Boston Tea Party
d. writing of the Declaration of Independence
11. Enlightenment philosophes would most likely have agreed with which of the following
a.Human history is not explainable at all
b.The universe is chaotic and random and cannot be explained.
c.God created the world but is not involved in its everyday affairs
d.Religious beliefs different from your own should never be tolerated
12. Thomas Hobbes believed that ______
a. all men are created equal and need and king to rule in order to keep order and control
b. kings get their power from God
c. all men are created equal and therefore all governments should be representative
d. there is an unsaid contract between government and citizens
13. Jean Jacque Rousseau’s social contract theory______
a.Stated that the government gets power only with the consent of the people b. Copied John Locke’s earlier ideas
c.Said people must submit to an absolute ruler in order to keep from destroying themselves
d.Supported anarchy
14. John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were ______.
a.All created equalb.naturally inclined to be stupid.
c.Born with certain rightsd.Supposed to be ruled by kings or queens
15. Montesquieu’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his ______
a.promotion of separation of powers and checks and balances.
b.identification of the natural laws that governed human society.
c.theory that the government should interfere with religious matters.
d.idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective.
16. In Cesare Beccaria’s concept of a government ______.
a.an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.
b.punishments are not exercises in brutality, and even the accused have rights.
c.the government should not interfere in economic matters.
d.women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men.
17. English colonists in the Americas believed that England was violating the social contract when ______.
a. England began to tax and place rules on the colonists without the colonists’ agreement
b. England started an unwanted war with France
c. England refused to allow colonists to farm their own food
d. England created a universal healthcare plan that all colonists had to take part in
18. The Declaration of Independence was written by ______using the enlightenment ideas of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke.
a. Benjamin Franklinb. George Washington
c. Thomas Jeffersond. Thomas Paine
19. The Articles of Confederation, the first government system of the United States failed because ______.
a. it was so weak that the government could not carry out its main purpose of protecting the people
b. it was seen as too strong and it took too many rights away from the people
c. it created a King of America, and many citizens were uncomfortable with that
d. This statement is false. We still use the Articles of Confederation as the foundation of our government
20. The US Constitution limits the power of the Government mostly by following the ideas of ______
a. Baconb. Beccaria
c. Montesquieud. Kepler
II. Which of the following people would be most likely to have made the following statements?
A. Thomas HobbesB. Jean Jacque RousseauC. John Locke
D. MontesquieuE. Cesare BeccariaF. Copernicus
G. Francis BaconH. Isaac NewtonI. Frederick II
J. Thomas Jefferson
_____21. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Since King George is not following our social contract, we Americans must declare our independence.
_____22. Because all men are created equal I can see no reason at all that any nation should need a king. Instead I believe that all governments should be run by representatives chosen by the people themselves.
_____23. An object in motion will remain in motion until acted upon by an outside force. Apparently gravity put that apple in motion and it remained in motion until it hit me in the head.
_____24. That government was not only not protecting its people’s right to liberty; it was actually taking away the people’s liberty. Because of that, the people were completely justified in overthrowing the government.
_____25. In order to really discover why things happen in nature you should test it. The only way to test it would be to follow certain steps and make observations while completing those steps. Once the test is complete, you can then determine if what you thought caused the event really did.
_____26. A government and its people must enter into an agreement with one another. The government must agree to provide protection and order for the people while the people must give up some freedoms in order to let the government provide that protection and order.
_____27. One man, or even a small group of men cannot be allowed to have complete power over a government. This will always lead to corruption and enslavement of the people. In order to stop this from happening, governments need to be divided into three separate branches. One should create laws, one should enforce laws, and another should determine if the laws are fair and if the people are guilty of breaking the laws. Nobody should be allowed to serve in more than one branch.
_____28. Even those that are accused of committing crimes still have rights. Just because you are accused, that does not mean you are guilty and therefore you should be allowed a speedy trial with a jury of your peers. Also, even if you are convicted, the punishment should fit the crime and not be overly cruel or harsh.
_____ 29. Ptolemy was wrong. I have discovered that the sun is actually the center of the universe and everything revolves around it. That should really be obvious since God lives in the sun and everything should revolve around God.
_____ 30. I am an enlightened despot. While I am the king and I have total power, I realize that it is in fact my job to serve the people. I will indeed serve the people…as long as that doesn’t take too much away from me. I am the king after all.
9.
27.