DR. MARTIN LUTHER’S
SMALL CATECHISM,
EXPLAINED
IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
BY
DR. J. C. DIETRICH,
with additions from the Dresden Catechism and the Symbolical
Books of theEvangelical Lutheran Church, and with additional
proof passages from the Holy Scriptures.
Together with two Appendixes.
FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES,
Translated from the German edition published by the Evangelical
Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohioc.
ST. LOUIS, MO.:
CONCORDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE.
1902
PREFACE.
In this little book the reader will find, first of all, the Small Catechism of Dr. Martin Luther without alteration. This is followed by the shorter explanation of this Catechism, in questions and answers, by Dr. Conrad Dietrich, formerly Pastor, Superintendent, and Director of the Gymnasium inUlm, Wuertemberg, born Jan. 9, 1575, in Gemuende, Hesse Cassel, died at Ulm, March 22, 1639. But as in this explanation many questions with their answers were wanting, which are needed in a Catechism with explanations in these days, and as, furthermore, passages of Scripture as proof texts were furnished too sparingly, the questions and answers were increased and supplied, wherever it was deemed necessary, and the requisite number of texts were added. The principle was observed that in this public manual of doctrine nothing but that which is old and tried should be admitted, and therefore no newly prepared additions were made, but these were drawn from the sources mentioned in the title, and from the more extended Catechism of Conrad Dietrich. In the selection of biblical proof texts also the example of old orthodox Catechisms was kept in view; only here and there it was deemed necessary, by words enclosed in parenthesis, to give an indication as to the parts of the answer to which the passages quoted were designed to apply; in most cases, however, the difference in the matter to which the passages refer, is indicated by a larger space between the texts, or by commencing a new class of proof texts in a new line. To save room, the passages are not printed repeatedly, but, with but few exceptions, when they occur more than once the question is referred to under which they are printed.
As this Explanation of the Catechism is designed for the lower as well as the higher classes of elementary schools, and for the instruction of catechumens preparatory to confirmation, at the same time that its purpose is to promote knowledge unto salvation in young people already confirmed and in grown persons, questions have been introduced which the teacher should take up only with more advanced pupils; some of them, indeed, he should leave entirely to those of maturer years. These have been marked with a star (*). The same holds good also respecting the proof texts. Only those which are printed in full should, so far as possible, be memorized by all the pupils, while those which are merely cited should be turned to only by those who are especially gifted, and learned rather as to their contents than as to their precise wording.
As regards the appendixes, the first is designed only for the higher classes, the second only for catechumens and adults.
It is perhaps superfluous to remind the teacher that, before using this Catechism as the basis of his instruction, he should have thoroughly studied it in all its parts.
To the blessing of Him, “who will have all men to he saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth,” (1 Tim. 2. 4.) this little book is commended. Amen.
[[@Page:I]]
ENCHIRIDION.
THE
SMALL CATECHISM
OF
Dr. MARTIN LUTHER.
For Pastors and Preachers,
In the translation authorized by the Evangelical Lutheran
Synodical Conference of North America.
[[@Page:III]]
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface]]PREFACE.
MARTIN LUTHER TO ALL, FAITHFUL, PIOUS PASTORS ANDPREACHERS:GRACE, MERCY, AND PEACE IN CHRIST JESUS, OUR LORD!
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 1]]The deplorable destitution which I recently observed, during a visitation of the churches, has impelled and constrained me to prepare this Catechism or Christian Doctrine in such a small and simple form, [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 2]]Alas, what manifold misery I beheld! The common people, especially in the villages, know nothing at all of Christian doctrine; and many pastors are quite unfit and incompetent to teach. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 3]]Yet all are called Christians, have been baptized, and enjoy the use of the Sacraments, although they know neither the Lord’s Prayer, nor the Creed, nor the Ten Commandments, and live like the poor brutes and irrational swine. Still they have, now that the Gospel has come, learned to abuse all liberty in a masterly manner.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 4]]O ye bishops! how will ye ever render account to Christ for having so shamefully neglected the people, and having never for a moment exercised your office! May the judgment not overtake you! [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 5]]You command communion in one kind, and urge your human ordinances; but never ask, in the meantime, whether the people know the Lord’s Prayer, the Creed, the Ten Commandments, or any part of God’s word. Woe, woe unto you everlastingly!
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 6]]Therefore I entreat you all, for God’s sake, my dear brethren who are pastors and preachers, to devote yourselves heartily to your office, and have pity upon the people who are committed to your charge. Help us to inculcate the Catechism upon them, especially upon the young. Let those who are not able to do better, take these tables and forms and set them word for word before the people, in the manner following:—
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 7]]First, the minister should above all things avoid the use of different texts and forms of the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer, the Creed, the Sacraments, &c. [[@Page:IV]]Let him adopt one form and adhere to it, using it one year as the other; for young and ignorant people must be taught one certain text and form, and will easily become confused if we teach thus to-day and otherwise next year, as if we thought of making improvements. In this way all effort and labor will be lost. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 8]]This our honored fathers well understood, who all used the Lord’s Prayer, the Creed, the Ten Commandments in one and the some manner. Therefore we also should so teach these forms to the young and inexperienced as not to change a syllable, nor set them forth and recite them one year differently from the other.
Hence choose whatever form you think best, and adhere to it forever. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 9]]When you preach among the learned and judicious, you may show your art, and set these things forth with as in any flourishes, and turn them as skilfully as you wish; but among the young, adhere to one and the same fixed form and manner, [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 10]]and teach them, first of all, the text of the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, &c., so that they can say it after you word for word, and commit it to memory.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 11]]But those who are unwilling to learn it should be told that they deny Christ and are no Christians; neither should they be admitted to the Sacrament, accepted as sponsors at baptism, nor be accorded the exercise of Christian liberty; but they are simply to be remanded to the pope and his officials, yea, to the devil himself. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 12]]Parents and employers should also refuse them meat and drink, and give them to understand that the prince will drive such rude fellows from the country. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 13]]For although we cannot and should not force any one to believe, yet we should lead and urge the masses to perceive what those consider right and wrong, among whom they live and find their sustenance. Whoever would live in a city and enjoy its privileges, should know and observe its laws, whether he believe or be at heart a rogue or knave.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 14]]Secondly, when they have well learned the text, teach them the sense also, that they may know what it means. Again take the form of these tables or some other short fixed form of your choice, [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 15]]and adhere to it without the change of a single syllable, as was said of the text; [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 16]]and take your time to it; for it is not necessary to take up all the parts at once, but take one after the other. When they well understand the first Commandment, proceed to[[@Page:V]]the second, and thus continue; otherwise they will be overburdened, and be able to retain nothing well.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 17]]Thirdly, after you have taught them this short Catechism, take up the Large Catechism, and impart to them a richer and fuller knowledge; dwell on each commandment, petition, and part, with its various works, uses, benefits, dangers, and harm, as you may find these abundantly pointed out in many books treating of these subjects; [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 18]]and especially give most attention to the commandment or part, which is most neglected among your people. For example, the seventh Commandment, which forbids stealing, you must particularly inforce among mechanics and merchants, and also among farmers and servants; for among such people all kinds of unfaithfulness and thieving are frequent. Again, you must urge the fourth Commandment among children and the common people, that they may be quiet, faithful, obedient, peaceable, always adducing frequent examples from the Scriptures to show how God punished or blessed such persons.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 19]]Especially should you here urge civil rulers and parents, to govern well and educate children for service in schools, showing them their duty in this regard, and the greatness of their sin if they neglect it; for by such neglect they overthrow and destroy both the kingdom of God and that of this world, and show themselves to be the worst foes both of God and man. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 20]]Dwell on the great harm they do, if they will not help to educate children for the ministry, clerkships, and other offices, &c., and on the terrible punishment God will visit upon them for it. It is necessary to preach of these things; for parents and rulers sin unspeakably in them, and the devil has a horrible object in view.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 21]]Lastly, since the people are freed from the tyranny of the pope, they no longer desire to go to the Sacrament, but despise it. It is necessary to be urgent on this point, remembering, however, that we are to force no one to believe, or to receive the Sacrament, nor to fix any law, time, or place for it; [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 22]]but so to preach, that they will be urged of their own accord, without our law, and will, as it were, compel us pastors to administer the Sacrament. This is done by telling them that if a person does not seek nor desire the Lord’s Supper at least some four times a year, it is to be feared that he despises the Sacrament and is not a Christian, just as he is not a Christian who refuses [[@Page:VI]]to believe or to hear the gospel. For Christ did not say, Omit this, or, Despise this; but, This do ye, as oft as ye drink it, &c. Truly, He wants it done, and by no means neglected or despised:“This do ye”, is His command.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 23]]Whoever does not highly prize the Sacrament, thusshows that he has no sin, no flesh, no devil, no world, nodeath, no danger, no hell; that is, he does not believe thatthey exist, although he is in them over head and ears, andis doubly the devil’s. On the other hand, he needs nograce, life, Paradise, heaven, Christ, God, nor anything good: for if he believed that he has so much that is evil, and needs so much that is good, he would not thus neglectthe Sacrament, by which such evil is remedied and somuch good is bestowed. Neither would it be necessaryto force him to the Sacrament by any law, but he wouldhasten to it of his own accord, and constrain himself andcompel you to administer it to him.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 24]]Therefore you need not make any law in this matter,as the pope does; only set forth clearly the benefit andharm, the necessity and use, the danger and blessing, connected with this Sacrament, and the people will come ofthemselves, without your compulsion. But if they do notcome, let them alone, telling them that they are of thedevil, as they do not regard nor feel their great need, andGod’s gracious help. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 25]]Should you, however, fall to urgethis matter, or make a law or a bane of it, it is your fault if they despise the Sacrament. How could they be otherwisethan slothful, if you sleep and keep silence? [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 26]]Thereforelook to it, ye pastors and preachers; our office is adifferent thing now from what it was under the pope; ithas now become earnest and salutary. [[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., Preface: 27]]Hence it involvesmuch more trouble and labor, danger and trial, and securesbut little reward and gratitude in the world. ButChrist Himself will be our reward, if we labor faithfully.To this end may the rather of all grace help us, to whombe praise and thanks in eternity, through Christ our Lord!Amen.[[@Page:7]]
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I]]THE TEN COMMANDMENTS,
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMTLY SHOULD TEACH THEM INALL SIMPLICITY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 1]]The First Commandment.
Thou shall have no other gods before me.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 2]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear, love, and trust in God above all things.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 3]]The Second Commandment.
Thou shall not take the name of the LORDthy God in vain.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 4]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may notcurse, swear, use witchcraft, lie or deceive by Hisname; but call upon it in every trouble, pray, praise,and give thanks.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 5]]The Third Commandment.
Thou shall sanctify the holy-day.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 6]]What does thismean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may notdespise preaching and His word; but hold it sacred, and gladly hear and learn it.[[@Page:8]]
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 7]]The Fourth Commandment.
Thou shalt honor thyfather and thy mother, that it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 8]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may not despise our parents and masters, nor provoke them to anger; but give them honor, serve and obey them, and hold them in love and esteem.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 9]]The Fifth Commandment
Thou shalt not kill.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 10]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may not hurt nor harm our neighbor in his body; but help and befriend him in every bodily need.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 11]]The Sixth Commandment
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 12]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that, we may lead a chaste and decent life in word and deed, and each love and honor his spouse.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 13]]The Seventh Commandment.
Thou shall not steal.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 14]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may not take our neighbor’s money or goods, nor get them by false ware or dealing; but help him to improve and protect his property and business.[[@Page:9]]
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 15]]The Eighth Commandment.
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 16]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may not deceitfully belie, betray, slander, nor defame our neighbor; but defend him, speak well of him, and put the best construction on everything.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 17]]The Ninth Commandment.
Thou shall not covet thy neighbor’s house.
[[@BookOfConcord:Small Cat., I, 18]]What does this mean? Answer:
We should fear and love God, that we may not craftily seek to get our neighbor’s inheritance or house, nor obtain it by a show of right; but help and be of service to him in keeping it.