Which Is True About a Theory?

EXAM 1 REVIEW

1. Which is true about a theory?

1. Theories are proven true
2. Theories can only be used to explain very detailed and large scale experiments
3. A theory is universally accepted explanation for a phenomenon
4. A theory is the same thing as a hypothesis

1. List the five steps of the scientific method, in order.

1. A great experiment would include which of the following?

1. A control
2. An experimental unit
3. A large group to study upon
4. Repeatable testing
5. All the above

1. What is the importance of having a control in any experiment?

1. You can compare the experimental unit changes to the control to see a difference
2. It creates more data
3. It typically will help to support your hypothesis

1. Protons tell you the _____ of an element

1. Atomic number
2. Radioactivity
3. Atomic mass
4. Weight of the element

1. Atomic mass of an element is measured by

1. Protons plus electrons
2. Number of protons
3. Electrons plus neutrons
4. Protons plus neutrons

1. The electrons found in the outer most shell are called what?

1. Outer electrons
2. Primary electrons
3. Valence electrons
4. Elemental electrons

1. The charge of protons, electrons and neutrons (respectively) are as follows:

1. Positive, neutral, negative
2. Neutral, negative, partially positive
3. Positive, negative, neutral
4. Partially positive, partially negative, neutral

1. What term refers to the force with which an atom pulls electrons towards itself?

1. Polarity
2. Bond strength
3. Electronegativity
4. Bonding capability

1. Electrons get transferred in what kind of bond?

1. Ionic
2. Hydrogen
3. Polar
4. Covalent

1. Which are intermolecular forces? (Multiple answers possible)

1. Ionic bonds
2. Van der Waal’s forces
3. Hydrogen Bonds
4. Polar covalent bonds
5. Nonpolar covalent bonds

1. Which is NOT a property of water?

1. Resistant to temperature change
2. Cohesion
3. Exhibits polar covalent bonding
4. Exhibits hydrogen bonding
5. Solvent of all organisms
6. Ice is more dense than water

1. List the four most important classes of biological molecules.

1. There are 4 protein structures (or steps) of building a protein. Which step refers to the order/sequencing of amino acids?

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary

1. How many amino acids are there? How many DNA/RNA bases are there ?

1. Prokaryotes have mitochondria. True or false?
2. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes both have ribosomes. True or false?
3. Prokaryotes have their DNA in the nucleus. True or false?
4. Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate. True or false?
5. Steroids are a type of carbohydrate. True or false?
6. What is not part of cell theory?

1. All cells arise from other pre-existing cells
2. All cells have smaller functional units called organelles
3. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells

1. What shape does DNA take?

1. Coil
2. Double Helix
3. Helix
4. Spring model

1. What organelle makes proteins?

1. Golgi
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosomes
4. Mitochondria

1. What organelle breaks down wastes and food particles?

1. Vesicles
2. Rough ER
3. Smooth ER
4. Lysosome

1. What states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only converted?

1. The law of relative energy
2. The 1st law of thermodynamics
3. The 2nd law of thermodynamics

1. What is NOT true of the cell’s plasma membrane?

1. It is selectively permeable
2. It is made up of a phospholipid bilayer
3. It’s outer part is hydrophilic
4. There is no membrane in plant cells because plant cells have a cell wall

1. According to passive transport, CO2 and O2 can freely pass through the plasma membrane. Why is this?

1. They are polar
2. The cell needs to have them, and always allows them in
3. They are non-polar and small enough
4. They break down to fit through the membrane

1. Some ionic molecules cannot pass through the membrane so easily. In this case, what kind of diffusion would come into play?

1. Facilitated diffusion
2. Active transport
3. Passive transport
4. Osmosis

1. Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated are types of what?

1. Exocytosis
2. Endocytosis
3. Lysosomes
4. Proteins

1. If water is moving out of the cell, the cell is considered to be in what type of solution?

1. Hypotonic because there is a lot of water in the cell
2. Hypertonic because there is a lot of water outside the cell
3. Hypertonic because there is a lot of water in the cell
4. Hypotonic because there is a lot of water outside the cell

1. Where does cellular respiration occur?

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Nucleus
4. Golgi

1. In the equation for cellular respiration (O2+ C6H12O6ATP+ CO2+ H2O) what is being reduced?

1. O2
2. Glucose
3. ATP
4. H2O

1. What does Glycolysis produce?

1. Glucose
2. ATP, NADH, and pyruvates
3. Pyruvates and ATP
4. ADP, NADH, and pyruvates

1. What does the Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle) produce?

1. NADH, FADH2, and ATP
2. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
3. ATP, protons, and NADH
4. FADH2, FADH3, ATP, and NADH

1. What is the importance of O2 in the ETC?

1. It gives energy to the cell
2. It makes ATP synthase
3. It is what actually makes the majority of ATP
4. It is the final electron acceptor

1. What do NADH and FADH2 do?

1. Shuttle electrons
2. Make sugar
3. Hold neutrons
4. Hold ATP

1. In the light dependent reactions, light gets converted into what?

1. ATP and ADP
2. ATP and NADP+
3. ATP and NADH
4. ATP and NADPH

1. Where does the Calvin cycle happen?

1. Chlorophyll
2. Stem
3. Stroma
4. stomata

1. The point of the Calvin cycle is to make what?

1. ATP
2. O2
3. Glucose
4. CO2

1. What are the two types of fermentation?

1. Alcohol and carbohydrates
2. Lactic acid and nucleic acid
3. Lactic acid and alcohol
4. Alcohol and ethanol

1. Why aren’t C4 and CAM considered as effective?

1. They use more energy
2. They kill the plant faster
3. They lose too much water
4. They can’t make glucose

Cell Structures – Match each organelle/cell structure with its function:

_____ Plasma Membrane

_____ Ribosome

_____ Vacuole

_____ Lysosome

_____ Rough ER

_____ Nucleus

_____ Mitochondria

_____ Cell Wall

_____ Cilia

_____ Smooth ER

_____ Flagella

_____ Golgi Apparatus

_____ Chloroplasts

_____ Cytoskeleton

a) Storage of genetic material

b) Lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism

c) Appendages that allow motility

d) Protect and support the cell

e) Separate cell from its environment – allow for transport of things into/out of cell

f) Turn sunlight into usable energy

g) Dispose of waste, digest food, recycles old cell parts

h) Supports cell, maintains shape

i) Transfers chemical energy into usable energy (ATP)

j) Receives, sorts, and ships molecules for transport

k) Modify/synthesize proteins for transport

l) Synthesize proteins

m) Stores water/other materials, provides cell structure