SECONDARY RESEARCH

What is the difference between a print sources and the internet?

What is the difference between a news magazines or newspapers and a popular magazine?

Analyzing a Website (borrowed from The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Writing)

Who placedthis on the web and why?

What kind of website is this? (.com, .net, .org, .edu, .gov, or .mil)

.com or .biz – a for profit organization, attract customers and market products.

  • Author: Many people contribute to the site and the company is usually considered the author.
  • Angle of Vision: promote the point of view of the company and their values

.org – non-profit organizations, wants to offer accurate and balanced information, advocate for their organization and purpose.

  • Author: sponsoring organization
  • Angle of Vision: influence public opinion, promote

.edu – educational, associated with university or college; wide range of purposes

  • Authors: Professors, staff, and students
  • Angle of Vision: Varies from professor to student organizations to library information; can be scholarly and objective to subjective information

.gov – government agency sponsored, government data to policy to bills, aims to create good public relations

  • Author: development teams employed by the government agency, sponsoring agency
  • Angle of Vision: informational sites publish data and government documents with an objective point of view. Promote agencies agenda.

.net – an individual contracted with a server, personal web sites

  • Author: anyone can create a personal site
  • Angle of Vision: It depends on the person whose site it is.

Helpful Websites (taken directly from Salida High School Library pamphlet)

EBSCO database – archived magazine, journal, and newspaper articles, & more. ( Username: Salida Password: password

Evaluating Resources: easywhois.com – provides ownership, posting, and update information for many websites.

How do you know a source is Credible and Reliable?

Credible:

Reliable:

Avoiding Plagiarism

Plagiarism:

“. . . inexperienced writers don’t appreciate how much they need to change the wording of a source to make the writing their own. It is not enough just to change the order of phrases in a sentence or to replace a few words with synonyms” (Allyn and Bacon 656).

To avoid plagiarism, take careful notes and put phrases that you copy down in quotations with page numbers.

Annotated Bibliography

A bibliography is a list of Works Cited (MLA) showing primary and secondary sources that you have used in researching your Ethnography. It is alphabetized and formatted in the appropriate bibliographic style. When a bibliography is annotated, it includes a paragraph or so that “adds notes” about each source, explaining (1) what criteria make the source credible, (2) what the main points are that you will use in your ethnography.

For your ethnography you must use at least four secondary sources, and these must represent at least three different kinds of sources (web, journal, magazine, book, etc.).

A bibliography most often uses a hanging indent (all lines except the first alphabetized one are indented 5 spaces or 1 Tab). Indent your annotation paragraph(s) as well.

Sample Annotated Bibliography

“History of the Carver Sales Barn, Inc.” From Accessed 11/20/04.

This page from the Carver Sales Barn’s official Web site gives a brief description of its history as a family business. Devin Mullet is the third generation of his family to own and manage the facility. I was interested to find that the Carver Sales Barn is the largest horse auction in the Midwest—by volume of horses sold, I found later. Finally, the fact that the Sales Barn uses the Carver community’s server for its Web site, and that it references the Carver Historical Village in its description, seems to make it part of the local community in a sunny way that seems to contradict its role in the horse slaughter industry.

“Horse Sales at the Carver Sales Barn, Inc.” From Accessed 11/20/04.

Another page from the Sales Barn’s Web site: this gives some background information on how the barn operates. Interestingly, horses are sold in Carver only once a month or on special occasions like the Draft Horse Sale; the auctions are usually for cattle, pigs, and other livestock. This sheds some light on the barn’s construction—most of the stalls and pens are not really well suited for horses—and on the way that the employees handle the horses. While I saw only one worker inappropriately hitting horses, all of the employees do use sticks in a way that may seem abusive to a horse lover.

MLA STYLE IN-TEXT CITATION

Work by one author, named in your text:

Sociologist Daniel Bell called this emerging U.S. economy the “postindustrial society” (3).

Work by one author, not named in your text:

One study reported that 75% of rock stars had experienced “major or severe hearing loss” after one year of touring (Jackson 8).

Work by two or three authors:

Violent crime has dropped considerably, “especially when factoring in the rapid rise in population” (Vaughn, Waters, and Hoyt 9). For two authors – (Vaughn and Waters 9).

Work by no named author:

“Use a shortened version of the title that includes at least the first important word. Your reader will use the shortened title to find the full title in the works-cited list” (Penguin 253).

Several reporters said that the destruction in Kosovo was the worst they had ever encountered (“Air Strike” 12).

Internet source with no author:

The National Audubon society was founded by “a committed group of Americans [who] came together to protect birds from slaughter at the hands of plume-hunters” (“Audubon Turns 100”).

Tips:

  • Remember, the author’s name must either be mentioned in the sentence or in the in-text citation (parentheses). If there is no author, use the title of the text in the same way.
  • For internet sources, never use the web address for your in-text citation. Use the author’s name if the web page/article has an author. Use the page/article title if there is no author.
  • Use a handbook! Every source is different; becoming familiar with a guide book now will help you handle unexpected issues later. OWL at Purdue is a great online resource (
  • Your bibliography is the last page of your paper. Start a new page and center the title, Works Cited. List the entries in alphabetical order. Indent the second line of entries as below.

MLA STYLE WORKS CITED PAGE

Book with one author:

Brady, Peter. Growing Up Brady. New York: McMillan, 1988.

Book with two or three authors:

Heller, Jack, and Doug Miller. Having a Great Time in Freshman Composition. Los Angeles:

Random House, 2002.

Note that the second and subsequent authors’ names appear first name first.

Journal/Magazine article with one author:

Simpson, Homer. “The Joy and Triumph of the Jelly Doughnut.” Cosmopolitan Feb.

2004: 88-92.

Journal/Magazine article with two or three author:

Simpson, Homer, and Ralph Wiggum. “The Joy and Triumph of the Jelly Doughnut.”

Cosmopolitan Feb. 2004: 88-92.

Journal/Magazine article with no named author:

“Steroids in Junior High Sports.” Sports Illustrated April 2003: 38-42.

Online Publication by one author:

Schneider, Robert. “Cleaning Up After My Dog: A Memoir.” Slate. 15 May 2003. 19

Sept. 2005 <

Online Publication by a group or organization:

“State of the Birds, USA 2004.” Audobon. 2004. National Audobon Society. 19 Nov.

2004 <

Interview:

Springsteen, Bruce. Telephone Interview. 20 Sept. 2005.

Interviewee’s name. Type of interview. Date.