WEEK 1 -- OPERATIONS ON WHOLE NUMBERS
Textbook Chapter 1 & Appendix A

Learning Objectives

·  Perform the basic mathematical functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

·  Determine the place value of a digit.

·  Round decimals to the nearest whole number

·  Solve mathematical problems using the concepts of exponentiation and order of operations.

·  Calculate the perimeter, area, and volumeof specified geometric figures.

CheckPoint Tips

·  Be sure to use the CheckPoint template posted in the <Course Materials> forum.

·  Show all work

·  Label all answers

·  Place commas in any number containing more than three digits

·  When typing two-word numbers between 20 and 100, use a hyphen between the words. For example, twenty-one or eighty-seven

·  The number 4 is spelled with a "u" (four), but the number 40 is NOT spelled with a "u" (forty)

Place Value

millions / thousands / ones group
100 / 10 / 1 / 100 / 10 / 1 / 100 / 10 / 1

Rounding vs. Estimation

To estimate the total cost, estimate each separate amount to the nearest amount and then add/subtract/multiply/divide those estimated amounts. Estimation is like rounding the problem amounts -- estimate is done within the problem itself.

To round, first calculate the exact cost by adding/subtracting/multiplying/dividing the exact amounts, and then round the answer to the nearest dollar. Rounding is done on the resulting answer, not within the problem itself.

For example: $3.49 + $8.36 + $5.87

ESTIMATE: ROUNDING:

$3.49 --> $3 $3.49

$8.36 --> $8 $8.36

$5.87 --> $6 $5.87

$17 $17.62 --> $18


Order of Operations

When you have a complex expression to evaluate or simplify, work slowly and methodically. Follow the order of operations (PEMDAS). Do what is inside the parentheses first, evaluate exponents next, do all multiplication and division next (from left to right if there is more than one multiplication/division problem), and finally do all addition and subtraction (from left to right if there is more than one addition/subtraction problem). If the result is a fraction, be sure to simplify the fraction. For example:

To evaluate, you must follow the order of operations (PEMDAS) so calculate inside the parentheses first:

Next, evaluate the exponents:

Next, we multiply and divide from left to right:

Next, we add and subtract from left to right: