Water Pollution
Vol. 20 / Nos. 1-2 / 20030301-048. Aher HR, Zinjad DG, Gunjal PS, Kuchekar SR*(*PG Dept Analyt Chem, PVP Coll, Pravaranagar, Tal Rahata, Ahmednagar, MS). Impact of human activities on the quality of water in Pravara river basin and Pravara left bank canal. Cheml Environ Res, 11(1&2)(2002), 101-104 [8 Ref].
Chemical analysis of water samples from Pravara river basin and Pravara left bank canal shows that the water is characterized by alkaline earth. Water samples from thirteen spots of down stream from Bhandara to Babhaleshwar were collected for analysis at an interval of ten kilometers. The results show that the physico-chemical characteristic of water changes to downstream from Bhandara to Babhaleshwar due to human activities.
0301-049. Aleem Asma, Isar Jasmine, Malik Abdul* (*Fac Agricl Sci, Dept Agricl Mircobio, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh 202002). Impact of long-term application on industrial wastewater on the emergence of resistance traits in Azotobacter chroococcum isolation from rhizospheric soil. Bioresource Techno, 86(1)(2003), 7-13 [39 Ref].
A total of 57 (36 and 21) Azotobacter chroococcum were isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum) rhizospheric soil irrigated with industrial wastewater (about a decade) and ground water (uncontaminated) and characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/ml for Hg2+ and 1600 mg/ml for other metals were observed against these bacteria from soil. The incidences of metal resistance and MICs of metals of A. chroococcum from wastewater irrigated soil were significantly different to those of uncontaminated soil.
0301-050. Ansari IA, Jalukar RS, Malik GM (Dept Chem, Navyug Sci Coll, Rander Rd, Surat 395007). Judicious use of coagulants in primary treatment of combined effluent of starch and liquid glucose industries and a tentative design of an effluent treatment plant.Asian J Chem,14(3) (2002), 1409-1414 [4 Ref].
A treatability study was carried out on a combined effluent of starch and liquid glucose industries using different chemicals for primary treatment so as to make the effluent more amenable to secondary treatment and subsequently reduce the energy consumption. The doses of laboratory scale investigation were implemented at plant level to assess the accuracy of test. The maximum suspended solids and organic removal efficiencies were found to be 45-60 % and 40-50 % respectively.
0301-051. Baroth Anju, Soni Inderpal, John PJ, Bhatnagar Pradeep, Bakre PP (Environ Toxico Unit, Dept Zoo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004). Assessment of organochlorine pesticides and its source in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 2(3&4)(2002), 291-297 [13 Ref].
The Keoladeo National Park receives water from a temporary water reservoir, Ajanbund, a few kilometers away from it. This reservoir receives water contaminated with variety of pesticides from the catchment area of river Gambhiri as it is under extensive agricultural practice. Organochlorine pesticides were extracted from the samples with the help of liquid-liquid chromatography and analyzed by Gas chromatograph. All the samples were found to be contaminated with the above mentioned pesticides and the concentration of total organochlorine pesticides in water ranged between 0.07-0.1 ppm while that of sediment between 0.6-1.3 ppm.
0301-052. Baruah BK, Baruah D (Dept Zoo, Cotton Coll, Guwahati, 781001). Study on physicochemical characteristics of effluent of oil refineries located in Assam. J Nature Conservator, 14(2)(2002), 371-375 [16 Ref].
Paper deals with the physicochemical characteristics of effluents from four oil refineries of Assam located at Digboi, Numaligarh, Guwahati and Bongaigaon. Study revealed that the quantum of DO, BOD, COD, oil and grease and suspended solid often do not conform with the permissible limit.
0301-053. Baruah BK, Das M (Dept Zoo, Cotton Coll, Guwahati 781001). Study on the effect of paper mill effluent on the morphology of fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Nature Conservator, 14(2)(2002), 367-369 [11 Ref].
Paper deals with the effect of paper mill effluent on the morphology of fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The fishes showed excessive mucous secretion and epidermal lesions during the period of exposure to effluent.
0301-054. Bhadra Bhaskar, Mukherjee Shriparna, Chakraborty Ranadhir, Nanda Ashis K (Dept Chem, Univ North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri 734430). Physico-chemical and bacteriological investigation on the river Torsa of North Bengal. J Environ Bio, 24(2)(2003), 125-133 [11 Ref].
A few physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters on certain locations of the river Torsa was studied. The major characteristics of Torsa river water were high alkalinity, high concentration of free ammonia with respect to albuminoid ammonia and the presence of bacteria of fecal origin. Marked seasonal variations of the parameters were also observed.
0301-055. Bhosle AB (PG Dept Environ Sci, Yeshwant Maha Vidyalaya, Nanded 431602, Maharashtra). The iron content in the river Godavari at Nanded and its impact on river ecology. J Ecotoxico Environ Monit, 12(3)(2003), 193-199 [18 Ref].
Natural waters can be very heterogeneous vertically, horizontally and with time. This is not only to man-made pollution, but also can be caused by natural phenomena such as erosion, currents, thermocline and precipitation washout of dust. The total iron content of river Godavari was investigated and the overall study showed the fluctuations in the iron content more than permissible limit prescribed by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The iron was maximum during November and minimum during June.
0301-056. Chauhan Nidhi, Thakur Indu Sekhar (Environ Biotechno Lab, Dept Environ Sci, Coll Basic Sci Humanities, GB Pant Univ Agricl Techno, Pantnagar 263145, Uttranchal). Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by Pseudomonas fluorescens in fixed film bioreactor.Polln Res, 21(4) (2002), 429-434 [19 Ref].
Pseudomonas fluorescens obtained from a bacterial consortium was enriched in minimal salt medium containing 4- chlorophenol. Bacterium utilized 4-chlorophenol was determined by growth of bacteria and removal of chloride in culture medium. The bacterial strain was applied for the treatment of pulp and paper mills effluent in continuous inlet-outlet flow of effluent, 25 ml/h, in sequential bioreactor. The strain produced significant reduction in colour (75%), phenol (66%), chemical oxygen demand (79%) and lignin (45%) and increase in chloride content (92%) on day 15 in bioreactor.
0301-057. Choudhary Anil, Gujar Dhanpat (Dept Zoo, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur 342001). Fluoride concentration in ground water of few a villages of district Pali, Rajasthan. Oikoassay, 15(1&2)(2002), 13-14 [7 Ref].
High fluoride concentrations were found in ground water samples of different villages of district Pali (Rajasthan). The maximum fluoride concentration was found as 4.64 mg/l in January 2001 in ground water of Narsingpura. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.2. High fluoride concentration in ground water samples may be due to high rate of evaporation, low rainfall and drought. Mean value of alkalinity, hardness and nitrate were 378.1 mg/l, 1061.3 mg/l, 33.44 mg/l respectively.
0301-058. Das R, Das SN (Regl Res Lab, Coun Scient Indl Res, Bhubaneswar 751013). Impact of wastewater discharge on soil and ground water — a case study. J Scient IndlRes, 62(3)(2003), 207-211 [10 Ref].
Paper reports the analysis of effluents released from different sources and characteristics of soil/ground water nearer to the source of contamination. In a case study the areas selected for investigation comprises of food processing industry and a septic tank in Mysore, Karnataka. Results show that discharge of wastewater into the land, effectively reduces the contaminants due to adsorption/chemical reaction in the soil media. Thus, to prevent pollution of ground water, septic effluents should be disposed off through properly managed underground drainage system and the efficiency of the treatment plant should be good enough to take care of the pollutants.
0301-059. Dhillon MS, Mahajan RK* (*Dept Chem, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar 143005). Studies on the effect of sewage water on soil properties. Cheml Environ Res, 10(3&4)(2001), 255-262 [15 Ref].
The soil samples drawn from sewage water (Tung Dhab Drain. Amritsar) irrigated fields have been analysed for their physico-chemical properties, availability of major plant nutrients and total and plant available contents of heavy metals. The results showed the decrease in pH, increase in electrical conductivity, CaCO3, organic carbon contents and the availability of nitrogen, phosphrous and potassium.
0301-060. Farooqui Mazahar, Kotharar Sandeep, Zaheer Ahmed, Ubale Sanjay (Dept Chem, Aurangabad Coll Women, Aurangabad 431001). Use of leaves of cauliflower for the removal of iron from wastewater. Asian J Chem, 14(1)(2002), 95-98 [17 Ref].
Paper describes the use of modified powder of leaves of cauliflower for the removal of iron from industrial wastewater. The presence of heavy metals is toxic even in trace quantities. Leaves of cauliflower were used for the binding of Fe2+ ions. The removal of Fe2+ is efficient at pH 1 and temperature 25°C.
0301-061. Ghosh TK (Dept Aquacult, Fac Fishery Sci, West Bengal Univ Anim Fishery Sci, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252). Effects of chromic nitrate on fish and fish food organisms with special reference to river Churni. J Nature Conservator, 14(2)(2002), 171-176 [16 Ref].
River Churni drains a heavy load of dye factory effluent rich in chromium which is hazardous and carcinogenic heavy metal. Ninety six hours acute toxicity tests conducted under field conditions on crustacean planktons, worms, mollusk and fish at pH 6.0, pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 showed that toxicity of chromic nitrate increased with lowering of pH. The crustaceans were most sensitive to chromic nitrate followed by worms, fish and the gastropods.
0301-062. Ghosh UC, Das Gupta M, Bhat SC, Manna B (Dept Chem, Presidency Coll, 86/1, Coll St. Kolkota 700073). Studies on removal and recovery of chromium (VI) and chromium (III) from water by hydrated zirconium oxide.Cheml Environ Res, 10(3&4), 321-331 [15 Ref].
Selective adsorption in the pH range 1-7 of microgram quantity of Cr (VI) and Cr(III) has been studied by exploiting the ion-exchange behavious of hydrated zirconium oxide (HZO). Uptake of Cr (VI) by the HZO (100-200 mesh) was found to decrease with increase of pH while the opposite trend was observed for Cr(III). Cr(III) was found to precipitate from 5 mgL-1 solution at pH>6. The study was also effectively applied for removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from the industrial waste effluent. ~ 99% Cr(VI) was recovered from HZO surface and ultimately isolated as lead chromate from the recovered solution.
0301-063. Ghosh Uday Chand, Dasgupta Manotosh, Debnath Sushanta, Bhat Subash Chander (Dept Chem, Presidency Coll, Kolkata - 700073). Studies on management of chromium (VI) - contaminated industrial waste effluent using hydrous titanium oxide (HTO).Water Air Soil Polln, 143(1-4) (2003), 245-256 [9 Ref].
The anion exchange behaviour of hydrous titanium oxide (HTO) has been exploited for the management of industrial waste effluents contaminated with chromium (VI). The adsorption of chromium (VI) by HTO (74.0-140.0 micron) in the pH range 0.5-8.0 has been studied. It is found that the adsorption of chromium (VI) by HTO is at a maximum in the pH range 1.5-2.0. Break-through capacity, adsorption and elution of chromium (VI) using HTO have been studied. It is found the HTO could be reused as an adsorbent for chromium (VI).
0301-064. Gopalasamy V, Damodharan V, Kanakasabai V (Dept Civil Engng, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu). Influence of municipal garbage disposal on shallow ground water – a case study. Polln Res, 21(3)(2002), 285-291 [13 Ref].
Solid waste generated from Chidambaram town, Tamil Nadu was taken for leachate study in the laboratory and was found that the groundwater is polluted by present land fill method even though the land fill site which is more than 50 years old, located in clay soil.
0301-065. Gopalswami PM, Kumar PE, Kulandaivelu AR (Dept Chem, Erode Arts Coll, Erode 638009). Study on the quality of water in the Bhavani river. Asian J Chem, 15(1)(2003), 306-310 [9 Ref].
The Bhavani river water is being highly polluted by letting out industrial effluents, industrial wastewater, agricultural run off and sewage into the stream. The presence of inorganic ions such as hexavalent chromium, sulphate ions, etc., and biological waste has contributed to the pollution of the river water. As a result water borne diseases have become common in this area and the raw water cannot be used as such for industrial purposes. The Bhavani River water should be treated properly and disinfected before being supplied for industrial purposes and human consumption.
0301-066. Gupta AK, Raghubanshi AK (Dept Bot, SB, PG Coll, Baragaon, Varanasi 221204, UP). Comparative study of enrichment of nutrients and heavy metals in river waters Ghaghra and Ganga due to anthrophogenic pressures. Polln Res, 21(3)(2002), 261-263 [11 Ref].
For a comparative study of enrichment of nutrients in river waters of Ghaghra and Ganga due to anthropogenic activities, two sites were selected at both the river corridors and one at the confluence point of both the rivers. The findings show that, due to different anthropogenic activities, the level of nutrient enrichment varies at different sites. Similarly the heavy metal contents also varies with the biotic activities. Due to nutrient and heavy metal’s enrichment the water quality is adversely affected.
0301-067. Hasan Samina, Pande SP (Natl Environ Engng Res Inst, Nagpur 400020). Removal of nitrate from drinking water – a review, Env Conserv J, 2(2&3)(2001), 77-94 [101 Ref].
Several treatment processes for the removal of nitrates from drinking water have been studied. Every method have merits and demerits, however, the methods based on ion exchange for the removal of nitrates from drinking water and regeneration of resin by biological denitrification appear to have edge over other methods. This communication presents a review on existing denitrification processes and spells out needs for future research.
0301-068. Hussain MF, Ahmad I (Dept Chem, NE Regl Inst Sci Techno, Nirjuli (Itanagar) 791109, AP). Variability in physico-chemical parameters of Pachin river (Itanagar). Indian J Environ Hlth, 44(4)(2002), 329-336 [14 Ref].
The concentration of water quality parameters in river and heavy metals in the bed sediment were measured for Pachin river for the three major flow periods. The variability in the physico-chemical parameters for different flow periods may be assigned to dilution of river water by direct runoff, human activities and organic load. The correlation study of physico-chemical parameters shows that their source of entering the river system is the same whether it may be a natural or anthropogenic or both.
0301-069. Indirabai WPS, George Seenamma (Dept Zoo, Holy Cross Coll (Antonomous), Tiruchirapalli 620002, T.N.). Assessment of drinking water quality in selected areas of Tiruchirappalli town after floods. Polln Res, 21(3)(2002), 243-248 [21 Ref].
Assessment of drinking water quality involving physical, chemical and biological parameters revealed that the characteristic of the samples varied among themselves considerably. The water quality index (WQI) calculated for nine parameters of these samples ranged between 38.36 and 65.47. Among them, samples S1 to S5 were of poor quality, and S6 to S8 of good quality for drinking purposes. Therefore, the necessity to purify the available water sources prior to utilization, is suggested.
0301-070. Islam SR, Gyananath G (Sch Cheml Sci, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Vishnupuri, Nanded 431606). Contamination of chemical fertilizers in ground water. J Ecotoxico Envion Monit, 12(4)(2002), 285-290 [18 Ref].
Attempt is made to understand the implications of chemical fertilizers on ground water quality of Nanded. The mean recorded values of sulphate, phosphate and nitrate levels were found 10.26-34.83 mg/l, 0.052-0.194 mg/l and 3.43-11.37 mg/l, respectively. Sulphate and nitrate levels were within permissible limits but phosphate levels higher than the permissible limits.
0301-071. Islam SR, Gyananath G (Sch Cheml Sci, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded 431606). Seasonal variations in the ground water quality in Nanded district. Env Eco, 20(3)(2002), 524-529 [14 Ref].
Paper presents a case study on the influence of seasonal variations on groundwater quality in Nanded district, Maharashtra. The study shows a marked seasonal trend in various physico-chemical parameters in ground water.
0301-072. Jain CK, Kumar Arvind, Kaythwas DC (Natl Inst Hydro, Roorkee 247667). Fate of cadmium in bed sediments. J Indian Assoc Environ Manag, 29(2)(2002), 85-89 [8 Ref].
Paper deals with the adsorption characteristics of bed sediments collected from River Solani at Roorkee in the state of Uttaranchal. The uptake of cadmium ions has been studied under laboratory conditions. The study infers that travel of cadmium ions towards ground water is significantly minimized through benthic sediments of river and establishes the significant role in coarser sediments towards cadmium removal.
0301-073. Jonathan MP, Ram Mohan V (Dept Geo, Sch Earth Atmos Sci, Univ Madras, Chennai 600025). Heavy metals in sediments of the inner shelf off the Gulf of Mannar, south east coast of India. Marine Polln Bull, 46(2)(2003), 258-268 [27 Ref].
The Gulf of Mannar which has been declared a bioreserve is a highly productive area endowed with rich marine fauna including corals. During the past three decades, there has been a dramatic surge in industrial development on the coast, with the establishment of a number of large scale industries and nearly 500 small scale industries. The development of Tuticorin main harbour and the river Tambraparani adds additional stress to the coastal ecosystem. Paper provides initial baseline data on metal contamination resulting from the activities of the heavy industries situated along the coast.
0301-074. Joseph KO, Gupta BP, Muralidhar M, Krishnani KK (Cent Inst Brackishwater Aquacult, 75, Santhome High Rd, RA Puram, Chennai 600028). Studies on soil and water conditions of coastal regions during shrimp farming. Aquacult, 3(2)(2002), 207-213 [19 Ref].
Studies were undertaken to investigate the changes in soil and water quality due to intensification of seawater and creekwater based shrimp farms in Andhra Pradesh and seawater based farms in Tamil Nadu. Soil and drinking water quality were also assessed in coastal areas surrounding shrimp farms. Suggestions have been made for soil and water quality management in shrimp farms.
0301-075. Joseph KO, Muralidhar M, Gupta BP, Krishnani KK, Ravichandran P (Cent Inst Brackishwater Aquacult, 75, Santhome High Rd, RA Puram, Chennai 600028). Quality of ground water in the vicinity of shrimp farms of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Polln Res, 21(4)(2002), 495-498 [8 Ref].
In order to assess the quality of ground water adjacent to shrimp farms, a survey was conducted in coastal areas of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh and South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. Water samples were collected from drinking water wells in villages at various distances from the farms and were analysed for total dissolved solids (TDS) and chloride concentration and the results are presented.
0301-076. Katti RJ, Mohana Kumar B, Gupta TRC, Sharathchandra HC (Dept Fisheries Env Eco, Coll Fisheries, Mangalore 575002, Karnataka). Tar pollution of beaches along Dakshina Kannada, west coast of India. Indian J Environ Sci, 6(2)(2002), 153-156 [12 Ref].