Visual Art Comprehensive I: End of Course Test REVIEW
Elements of Design
The __Elements of Design__ are the building blocks an artist uses to create a work of art. They are:
Line, Color, Value, Shape or Form, Texture, Size, Direction
1. ___Line___ is an element of art that is used to define space, contours, and outlines, or to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with any medium or implied by the edges of shapes and forms.
2. ___Color___ has three properties of hue, value, and intensity.
3. ___Value___ refers to the lightness or darkness of a color and is controlled by adding black or white to a color.
4. ___Shape___ is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in an image automatically creates a negative shape. (The term Shape is used when referring to 2D and Form is used when referring to 3D)
5. ___Form___ is three dimensional and has height, depth and width.
6. ___Texture___ is the way something feels or looks like it should feel.
a. When it can be felt it is called ___actual____.
b. When it is made up or imaginary is called __inventive___.
c. When the texture can be seen but the overall feeling is still smooth __simulated___.
7. ___Size___ is the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another.
8. ___Direction___ is most often suggested by line. All lines have direction. Horizontal, Vertical and Oblique (Slanted). Horizontal suggests calmness, stability and tranquility. Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and alertness. Oblique suggests movement or action.
Principles of Design
The ___Principles of Design ___ are the tools used to help organize or arrange the Elements of Design in a composition into a harmoniously unified whole.
Remember the Acronym CEBURP for identifying and remembering the Principles of Design
C = Contrast
E = Emphasis
B = Balance (Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, Radial)
U = Unity
R = Rhythm and Repetition
P = Proportion
M = Movement
9. ___Contrast__ is the placement of opposing elements. For example: opposite colors on the color wheel - red / green, blue / orange etc. Contrast in tone or value - light / dark. Contrast in direction - horizontal / vertical. The major contrast in design should be located at the center of interest. Too much contrast scattered throughout an artwork can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at.
10. ___Emphasis___ is the area the artist is drawing attention to in the art work.
11. ___Balance___ is the principle of art concerned with the stability in the artwork. The main types of balance are Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, and Radial.
12. ___Unity___ allows the artist to create a sense of wholeness in the artwork. Unity should create a feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork, which will create a sense of completeness.
13. ___Rhythm and Repetition____ deals with the movement in the artwork and often is created using repetition.
14. ___Proportion____ refers to size relationships of parts to one another.
15. ___Movement___ is associated with rhythm, referring to the arrangement of parts in an artwork to create a sense of motion to the viewer’s eye through the work.
• Implied movement - action captured
• Sequence - showing a series of events through time
• Optical Movement - makes your eye move through the artwork
• Actual Movement - real movement (kinetic movement)
Color
1. The three properties of color are __hue, value and intensity__.
a. A color’s name is the __hue___.
b. This refers to the lightness or darkness of the color. __value___.
c. This refers to the brightness or dullness of the color. __intensity___.
2. To change a color’s value you would add either ___black or white.
a. Adding black to a color makes a ___ shade____.
b. Adding white to a color makes a ___tint___.
3. To change a color’s intensity you would add the color’s ___complement____.
The Color Wheel and Schemes (Harmonies)
1. A tool used to help see how to mix colors and color schemes is known as the __color wheel___.
2. Colors that make up all other colors are called the __primary___ colors. These colors are red, blue and yellow.
3. A color made by mixing two primary colors is called a ___secondary___ color.
Red and yellow make ___orange___
Blue and red make ___violet___
Yellow and blue make ___green____
4. A color made by mixing a primary and the adjacent secondary color is called an ___intermediate or tertiary___ color.
5. Mixing colored pigments is a ___subtractive___ process.
6. Mixing colored lights is an ___additive___ process.
6. Coloring matter found in inks, crayons and paints is known as ___pigment___.
7. Colors located sided by side on the color wheel are called ___analogous___.
8. Colors located opposite on the color wheel are called ___complementary___ The main three pairs of these colors are:
a. Red and green
b. Yellow and violet
c. Blue and orange
9. A color scheme made of tints and shades of one color is called a monochromatic scheme.
10. List 3 warm colors. Red, yellow and orange
11. List 3 neutral colors. Black, white, and grey
12. List 3 cool colors. Violet, blue, green
Perspective
1. List the three ways to create the illusion of depth in an artwork.
a. overlapping when objects are place in front of one another; the object in the front appears closer
b. low and high placement
c. linear perspective is the most complicated method for showing depth.
2. ___Perspective drawing___ is the method of drawing three dimensional objects on a two dimensional plane.
3. A __vertical___ line stands at a right angle to the horizon line.
4. A line that goes side to side on the paper and separates the ground from the sky is ___horizon___.
5. One point perspective has ___one___ vanishing point.
6. Two point perspective has ___two___ vanishing points.
7. In a realistic perspective drawing, the vanishing point is located on the ___horizon___ line
8. The vanishing point is where receding parallel lines ___converge____.
9. In perspective drawing, vertical lines remain vertical____.
10. Objects that appear ___closer___ to the viewer are usually big and near to the bottom of the picture plane. However there are exceptions.
11. Objects that appear far away in perspective drawing are usually small and near the horizon line.
12. The ___horizon___ line separates the ground from the sky.
13. ___Foreshortening____ is a method of drawing a person or object to make it appear to go back in space. Example: A figure point ing finger at the viewer. The finger and hand will appear larger because they are closer and the person pointing will appear smaller.
Ceramics
1. Three techniques which can be used to hand build pottery are
a. ___pinch___ (squeezing the clay to shape)
b. ___coil___(rolling ropes or logs of clay and attaching)
c. ___slab___ (a technique using broad, flat pieces of clay)
2. Which finger do you use to create the opening in a pinch pot? ___thumb____.
3. Any technique of creating sculpture by carving away or removing excess material is called ___subtractive___.
4. Any technique that adds or builds up material on the surface is called ___additive___.
5. A mixture of clay and water used to attach pottery is ___slip___.
6. Scratching the edges of clay before attaching is ___scoring____.
7. Clay that is soft and pliable is said to be __plastic__.
8. Clay that is workable and between the stage of plastic and bone dry is ___leather hard___.
9. Clay that cannot be worked, has not been fired and has no
moisture is ___bone dry___.
10. Clay that has been fired ONE time and is porous (and ready to be glazed) is known as ___bisque____.
11. Ceramic pieces that have not been fired in the kiln are considered ___green ware ___.
12. A three dimensional form or relief made by carving, assembling or modeling is called ____ sculpture____.
13. A furnace used to fire (heat) ceramic ware at high temperatures is called a ___kiln___.
14. The material used to “paint” clay that has been fired in the kiln is____glaze____.
15. Once fired glazes turn to ___ glass___.
16. List three household object that can be used to formclay: ___Knife, fork, sponge, rolling pin___.
17. Kneading clay in order to get out air bubbles is called ___wedging___.
Extra Terms
Principles and Elements
1. A mathematical or man made shape is ___geometric___.
2. A freeform shape found in nature is considered ___organic___.
3. A design which is repeated over and over again in an organized manner is a ___pattern___.
4. ___Negative Space ___ is the area surrounding an object. It is often referred to as the background.
5. Using different elements to add interest in the artwork is known as ___variety____.
6. ___Space___ is the area between, around, below or within things.
7. ___Positive space___ is the foreground or drawn area in the artwork.
8. ___Symmetrical Balance ____ is the same on both sides.
9. ___Asymmetrical Balance ___ means the artwork is balanced, but different on each side.
10. The type of balance which radiates from a central point is ___radial balance____.
Lines
11. A ___contour line___ is the line, which defines a form or edge - an outline. Contour drawing is the place where most beginners start, following the visible edges of a shape. The contour describes the outermost edges of a form, as well as dramatic changes of plane within the form.
12. Drawing without looking at the paper, but only at the subject is called a ___blind contour line drawing___.
Composition
13. A group of inanimate objects such as plant, toy or bottles used for inspiration for art is called a ___still life____.
14. The visual arrangement of the elements of art into a harmoniously unified whole is a successful ___composition___.
15. The ___ subject matter ___ what the artist makes the work about.
16. The ___focal point___ is the area of emphasis or the first thing the viewer see in the artwork.
Tools
17. A tool used to help select the composition is called a ___viewfinder___. (We don’t use these in this class)
18. The most readily accessible art tool is a __pencil__.
19. A tool used to help remove color, mistakes, or marks is an ___eraser____.
20. Another name for a material used to create art is ____medium___.
21. A technique in which an artist used more than one art material is called ___mixed media____.
22. A versatile medium that can be used to color solid or blend. One of the first materials a child uses is a ___crayon___.
Painting
23. ___Watercolor__ paints use water to help make the color and achieve different tints and values.
24. ___Acrylic___ paints were first introduced in the 1950s and are very versatile. They can be applied thick or watered down to create washes of color.
25. A painting medium that is often used by children and is matte in finish. It comes in liquid and powder form and is called ___tempera___.
26. ___Watercolor crayons___ allow for more control and come in a stick form. Very versatile and easy to use as well.
27. Thick white paint used to prime a canvas so that the desired medium will adhear to it better is is called __gesso___.
28. ___Pigments___ are finely ground, colored powders that are mixed with a binder to form paint.
Drawing
29. Small preliminary sketches used to help an artist work out their ideas are ___thumbnail sketches ___.
30. A quick drawing that can be used as a reference for a later artwork is a ___sketch___.
31. A technique drawing of using your pencil length to determine the correct proportions in a composition is called ___sighting ___.
32. Creating the illusion of depth by using a tool to add value is called ___shading___.
33. The area of reflected light on an object (usually at the top) is the ___highlight__.
34. A technique of creating value using dots is called ___stippling___.
35. ___Hatching___ refers to parallel lines used to create depth and shading.
36. Hatching lines that cross in different directions are called ___cross hatching___.
37. A technique of drawing which allows the artist to focus down on small areas and detail at a time is called ___ grid ___ drawing. (Often used as an aide in portraits)
Face / Portrait Drawing
38. What is the distance between the eyes in a realistic drawing ___one eye width ____.
39. In a realistic drawing the ___eyes ___are located in the middle of the head.
40. In a realistic drawing of a person, approximately where does the edges of the nose reach? ___Inside corner of eyes___
41. In a realistic drawing of a person, how far out do the corners of the mouth usually extend? ___Middle of eyes___
42. A drawing of a person or animal usually of the face is called a ___portrait____.
43. A ___self portrait ___is an artwork of a person created by that person.
General Art Terms
44. A ___mural___ is a large painting or design created on a wall or building
45. ___Abstract Art___ is based on a realistic image but it is distorted or changed.
46. A ___portfolio___ is collection of one’s artwork.
47. Which side of the brain control’s a person artistic side? ___ right___
48. An artwork made by cutting and gluing various materials such as paper, fabric and magazine images is called a ____collage____.
49. A painting, photograph, or other work of art that shows natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and lakes is a ___landscape____.
50. ___Art criticism___ is an organized approach to studying and evaluating art.
51. Art without a recognizable subject is __nonobjective__.
Famous Artists and Styles
52. ___Cubism ___ An early twentieth-century movement led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. The artists used small squares or cubes or other geometric shapes to represent their subjects. Objects are often shown from several different points of view at once, which flattens three-dimensional space. Cubist paintings are often monochromatic and sometimes contain elements of collage.