Name: ______
Viruses and Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacterial sizes
•Prokaryotes range from ______
•Exception:
–Epulopiscium fisheloni is ______
Classification
•Old system
–One kingdom: ______
•New system
–2 kingdoms
•______(Domain ______)
•______(Domain ______)
Bacteria Shapes
•Bacillus (pl bacilli)
–______-shaped
DRAW IT:
•Coccus (pl cocci)
–______
DRAW IT:
•Spirillum (pl spirilla)
–______-shaped
DRAW IT:
Cell Wall
•______- can be used to differentiate bacteria
–Thick wall of peptidoglycan—______color (EX: )
–Thin/no wall—______color (EX: )
Movement
•______
•______
Metabolism
•Bacteria can be either ______or ______
–Heterotrophic—does ______produce own ______
–Autotrophic—______produce own ______
Heterotroph types
•Chemoheterotrophs- take in organic molecules for ______
–EX: ______
•Photoheterotrophs- photosynthetic, but needs organic molecules for ______
Autotroph types
•Photoautotrophs- ______
–EX: ______—”blue green algae”
•Chemoautotrophs- make organic molecules from ______but use ______instead of light
–Live deep in ______
Releasing energy
•Obligate aerobes—______
–Ex Mycobacterium tuberculosis = ______
•Obligate anaerobes—______
–Ex Clostridium botulinum = ______
•Facultative anaerobes—______
–Ex E. coli
Growth and Reproduction
•Binary fission—grow, ______, and divide
-DRAW IT:
•Conjugation– ______forms so that bacteria can exchange ______
-DRAW IT:
•Spore formation– bacteria can form spores when growth conditions become bad (______)
–Protective barrier
–When conditions are good again, ______
Importance of bacteria
•Decomposers-
•Nitrogen Fixers-
•Human uses-
Viruses
History
•Iwanowski and Beijernick (1890’s)
–Worked on ______(infects tobacco and tomato leaves).
–Creates ______on leaves.
– Made a ______of the infected leaves and then put this juice through a filter. ______onto leaves. Still became infected. Concluded that whatever these disease causing particles were, they were very small (______).
•Named them viruses meaning “______”.
•Stanley (1935)
– Purified TMV into a ______.
–______therefore, viruses are ______pathogenic (disease causing) particles.
Viruses
•Particles of ______envelope.
•Obligate intracellular parasite (can only replicate ______a living cell)
Structure of a virus
•Small – ______(polio virus) – ______(small pox virus)
•______type of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA but ______)
•Protein coat – ______
•Some have envelopes (made of lipids)______
•______made up of lipids for attachment onto host cells
•Are ______to their host
Shapes
•Shapes are
–Rod
-DRAW IT:
–Helical
-DRAW IT:
–Icosahedral (20 sides)
Bacteriophage
The Lytic Cycle
•______, ______and ______to invade other host cells
•Virulent (______)
•The ______, ______(German measles), ______
Lysogenic Infection
•Virus embeds ______which is replicated with host cell’s DNA.
•Remains unnoticed for ______
•______
Viral Diseases
•Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Rabies, the Cold, the Flu, Influenza, Hepatitis, AIDS, Chicken pox, Small pox, Polio, Yellow fever, Meningititis, some cancers
•Vaccines are small doses of either ______, ______or ______viruses. Body builds up ______against virus
Diseases caused by viruses
•AIDS
•The Cold
•Measles
•Mumps
•Rubella
•Chicken pox/Shingles
•Small Pox
The Different forms of Viruses
•Retroviruses – AIDS. Contains ______instead of ______. Goes from ______. Normal is DNA to RNA to protein.
- Retro means______
•Viroids – another disease causing agent but ______, only the ______
– Found only in ______
•Prion – ______that cause diseases. ______in sheep degrades nervous system. ______(Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) in cows – puts holes into brain.
– In humans, its ______
Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses
You will answer the following questions using pages
1.What is a pathogen?
2.Name the two ways bacteria cause disease in living organisms.
3.How can bacterial diseases be prevented?
4.How can they be treated?
5.Make a list of human diseases caused by bacteria.
6.What does it mean to sterilize a substance?
7.How can we prevent bacteria from spoiling our food?
8.What do viruses do to us to produce disease?
9.How are viral diseases treated and prevented?
10.What is non-effective at treating viral diseases?
11.List 9 diseases caused by viruses in humans