Utilization of different waste proteins to create a novel PGPR-containing bio-organic fertilizer

Yan Huang1, Li Sun2, Jianshu Zhao3, Rong Huang3, Rong Li1, 3,Qirong Shen1, 2

1Jiangsu Key Lab and EngineeringCenter for Solid Organic Waste Utilization,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,210095, China, 2National EnginneringResearchCenter for Organic-based Fertilizers, NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,210095, China, 3Jiangsu CollaborativeInnovationCenter for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,210095, China

Corresponding author: Rong LI

Postal address: NationalEngineeringResearchCenter for Organic-based Fertilizers, NanjingAgriculturalUniversity, 210095, Nanjing, China, Tel: 86-25-84395535, Fax: 86-25-84396177, E-mailaddress:

SupplementaryFig. S1 Selection of parameters forstrain SQR-9 SSF process. (A) SSF time; (B) ambient temperature; (C) initial moisture content (35%-65% at 5% intervals); (D) initial moisture content(45%-51% at 2% intervals); (E) inoculation levels and (F) the frequency of heap turning.

SupplementaryFig. S2 Profile of FTIR spectra during CK SSF and BIOSSF (0d and 7d).

SupplementaryTable S1 Physicochemical properties of raw materials used in SSF

Moisture(%) / pH / Total C (%) / Total N (%) / P mg g-1 DW / K mg g-1 DW
Chicken manure / 30.52±0.29 / 8.70±0.05 / 21.24±0.50 / 2.00±0.03 / 21.74±1.06 / 13.46±0.15
Rapeseed meal / 13.00±0.08 / 7.14±0.66 / 34.07±0.25 / 6.15±0.06 / 10.95±1.16 / 11.58±0.98
Feather powder / 6.70±0.28 / 6.28±0.21 / 44.24±0.31 / 13.26±0.09 / 0.75±0.24 / 1.78±0.10
Soybean cake / 6.50±0.64 / 6.48±0.90 / 26.52±0.82 / 3.07±0.07 / 5.00±0.58 / 3.06±0.71
Corn flour / 13.19±0.17 / 6.36 ±0.05 / 26.35±0.07 / 5.56±0.14 / 3.14±0.52 / 3.92±0.39
Gourmet meal / 28.80±0.78 / 5.09±0.41 / 15.26±0.87 / 2.34±0.51 / 10.90±0.69 / 17.50±0.80
Chinese herbs residues / 32.27±0.56 / 5.52±0.54 / 12.73±0.49 / 1.21±0.01 / 6.81±0.24 / 25.92±0.41
Castor cake / 8.30±0.46 / 6.83±0.15 / 32.23±0.96 / 5.24±0.18 / 6.27±0.34 / 6.42±0.68
Vinegar residue / 72.43±0.54 / 4.50±0.29 / 38.72±0.37 / 2.61±0.46 / 1.93±0.07 / 0.69±0.07
Dewatered blue algal sludge / 86.50±0.59 / 8.15±0.82 / 24.26±0.19 / 4.48±0.24 / 7.30±0.22 / 5.25±0.13

Supplementary Table S2Single experimental design

Runs / rapeseed meal
(% DW) / expanded feather meal
(% DW) / soybean cake
(% DW) / corn flour
(% DW) / gourmet meal
(% DW) / Chinese herbs residues
(% DW) / castor cake
(% DW) / vinegar residue
(% DW) / dewatered blue algal sludge
(% DW)
1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
2 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
3 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6
4 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 9
5 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12

SupplementaryTable S3Fluorescence spectra of different SSF samples

samples / Peak A / Peak B / Peak C / Peak D
Ex/Em(nm) / QSU/NPOC / Ex/Em(nm) / QSU/NPOC / Ex/Em(nm) / QSU/NPOC / Ex/Em(nm) / QSU/NPOC
A1 / 330/411.96 / 5227.68 / — / — / 230/404 / 3944.42 / — / —
B1 / 330/411.96 / 3290.242 / — / — / 230/404 / 4061.64 / — / —
C1 / 330/421.96 / 3589.679 / — / — / 230/406 / 5239.594 / — / —
D1 / 330/418.03 / 3418.137 / — / — / 230/408 / 3552.547 / — / —
E1 / 330/418.03 / 2668.806 / — / — / 230/410 / 2945.347 / — / —
F1 / 330/416.06 / 3008.475 / — / — / 230/402 / 3274.428 / — / —
G1 / 340/418.03 / 2487.146 / — / — / 230/410 / 2929.222 / 240/428.03 / 2256.371
H1 / 330/421.96 / 2811.119 / — / — / 230/404 / 3389.381 / — / —
A2 / 330/416.06 / 4663.398 / 280/366.06 / 2141.322 / 230/408 / 4486.592 / 240/413.93 / 3247.543
B2 / 340/428.03 / 5160.034 / 280/370 / 1918.25 / 230/404 / 5217.107 / 250/430 / 3832.496
C2 / 330/402 / 6524.2 / 280/363.93 / 3178.519 / 230/406 / 6529.721 / 240/421.96 / 5030.483
D2 / 330/411.96 / 10263.01 / 280/360 / 3898.568 / 220/358 / 8663.083 / 230/410 / 10290.75
E2 / 330/418.03 / 19159.32 / 280/368.03 / 8904.285 / 230/408 / 18197.73 / 240/418.03 / 13734.27
F2 / 330/410 / 21957.18 / 280/366.06 / 7814.788 / 230/408 / 17988.66 / 240/420 / 15320.49
G2 / 340/408 / 19462.44 / 280/358 / 5326.57 / 230/406 / 16569.39 / 240/416.06 / 13999.8
H2 / 330/416.06 / 19223.91 / 280/361.96 / 7133.844 / 230/410 / 17073.79 / 240/418.03 / 14014.46

Note: (A1) CK 0d; (B1) CK 1d; (C1) CK 2d; (D1) CK 3d; (E1) CK 4d; (F1) CK 5d; (G1) CK 6d; (H1) CK 7d;

(A2) BIO 0d; (B2) BIO 1d; (C2) BIO 2d; (D2) BIO 3d; (E2) BIO 4d; (F2) BIO 5d; (G2) BIO 6d; (H2) BIO 7d;

Peak A, Peak B, Peak C, Peak D from EEM contours (fig 4).

SupplementaryTable S4FTIR spectra peaks in four samples

A / B / C / D
Wave number (cm-1) / Absorption / Wave number (cm-1) / Absorption / Wave number (cm-1) / Absorption / Wave number (cm-1) / Absorption
462.85 / 1.391 / 462.85 / 1.708 / 464.38 / 1.008 / 461.40 / 1.013
— / — / — / — / 523.17 / 0.921 / 517.24 / 0.708
— / — / — / — / 680.38 / 0.451 / 686.76 / 0.276
779.13 / 0.538 / 779.13 / 0.653 / 766.41 / 0.357 / 777.70 / 0.345
1022.13 / 2.063 / 1022.13 / 2.275 / 1026.33 / 1.421 / 1026.58 / 1.337
— / — / — / — / 1419.65 / 0.821 / 1419.24 / 0.942
1456.05 / 1.117 / 1456.05 / 1.050 / 1456.76 / 0.884 / 1456.73 / 0.991
1517.77 / 1.155 / 1517.77 / 1.051 / 1525.98 / 1.153 / 1523.52 / 1.142
1650.84 / 1.079 / 1648.91 / 0.962 / 1651.63 / 1.234 / 1651.11 / 1.140
— / — / — / — / 1824.87 / 0.170 / 1826.10 / 0.271
— / — / — / — / 1911.27 / 0.077 / 1910.38 / 0.199
— / — / — / — / 1991.20 / 0.038 / 1991.35 / 0.163
— / — / 2860.04 / 0.381 / — / — / — / —
2925.61 / 0.520 / 2925.61 / 0.544 / 2928.30 / 0.695 / 2927.50 / 0.691
3324.82 / 0.822 / 3363.39 / 0.815 / 3358.20 / 1.123 / 3290.59 / 0.926
— / — / — / — / 3501.86 / 1.065 / 3501.73 / 0.827
— / — / — / — / 3520.99 / 1.051 / — / —
— / — / — / — / 3563.58 / 1.020 / 3564.58 / 0.795
3610.24 / 0.710 / 3610.24 / 0.674 / 3608.48 / 0.982 / 3609.72 / 0.792
3742.31 / 0.812 / 3741.13 / 0.467 / 3740.90 / 0.624 / 3741.59 / 0.582
3844.40 / 0.550 / 3842.36 / 0.310 / 3842.33 / 0.382 / 3843.71 / 0.393

Note: (A) initial sample from CK SSF (B) final sample from CK SSF (C) initial sample from BIOSSF (D) final sample from BIO SSF