Updated 4/25/11

Curriculum Vitae

Cheryl A. Frye

; (518) 591-8839 office

Life Sciences 1058(518) 591-8823 lab

US citizen, Native Alaskan H-Index: 45

EDUCATION

Boston University1993-1995

Department of BiologyNRSA Post-doc, Neuroendocrinology

Tufts University1988-1992

Psychology DepartmentM.S., Ph.D., Behavioral Neuroscience

Wheaton College1984-1988

Biopsychology DepartmentB.A., cum laude, Biopsychology

POSITIONS & EMPLOYMENT

The University at Albany, SUNY, Full Professor of Psychology2006-present

The University at Albany, SUNY, Member, Inst for Health & the Environment2003-present

Research Experience for Undergraduates Program at UAlbany, Co-Director2001-present

The University at Albany, SUNY, Associate Professor of Psychology2000-2006

The University at Albany, SUNY, Member, Neuroscience Research Center 1998-present

The University at Albany, SUNY, Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences1998-present

The University at Albany, SUNY, Assistant Professor of Psychology1998-2000

The University of Hartford, Department of Biology, Adjunct Professor1998-2000

Connecticut College, Assistant Professor of Psychology & Zoology, Director of Neuroscience1995-1998

Wheaton College, Department of Psychology, Visiting Assistant Professor1994-1995

Boston University, Department of Biology, NIH Post-doctoral Fellow1993-1995

Bates College, Departments of Psychology & Biology, Visiting Assistant Professor1992-1993

Wheelock College, Department of Human Development, Instructor1990-1992

Tufts University, Department of Psychology, TA, RA, Instructor1988-1992

Boston University, Department of Biology, NSF REU Awardee1987-1988

Wheaton College, Department of Psychobiology, Research Assistant1986-1987

Harvard Medical School, Department of Urological Research, Laboratory Technician1985-1986

Harvard Health, Urgent Care, Medical Associate, Practical Nurse, Ortho/Surg Tech, Manager1982-1995

HONORS

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Top Cited Article 2008-2010

Boston Latin School, Distinguished Alumna Award (former recipients Bernstein, Kennedy, Fiedler)2009

The University at Albany, SUNY, CAS Dean Student Mentoring Award2009

The City of Albany School District, Founder’s Award2008

The University at Albany, SUNY, Research Excellence Award2007

Delaware Community School, Volunteer Award2007

Behavioral Brain Research, Top Reviewer2007

Research Foundation, Promising Inventor Award2005

The Society for Neuroscience, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience, Educator of the Year2003

Wheaton College, Young Alumna Achievement Award 1997

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Drug Abuse2011

Editorial Board, Frontiers in Experimental Endocrinology2011

NIH Review Panel: Biobehavioral Regulation, Learning, and Ethology 2011

Veteran’s Affairs: Research Enhancement Program 2010

Veteran’s Affairs: Traumatic Brain Injury Panel 2010

NIH Review Panel: Development of the ParentalBrain2010

National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel Review Panel2010

NIH Fogarty International Research Collaboration Award Review Panel2009

NIH Review Panel: International and Cooperative Projects - 1 Study Section2009-2010

NIH Review Panel: Research Education Program2008-2010

NIH Review Panel: Fellowships: Brain Disorders and Related Neuroscience2008-present

NIH Career Opportunities in Research Honors Undergraduate Research Training Panel2008-2010

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Fellowships: Behavioral Neuroscience2008-2009

Alzheimer’s Association Reviews2006-2010

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Minority Undergraduate Biomedical Education Program2006-2007

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: The CNS as a Target of Steroid Hormones2005-2006

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Androgens and Aging2004-2005

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Women’s Health Initiative2004-2005

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: COBRE2004-2005

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel: Mechanisms of Stress 2003-2004

NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel - Improving Minority Research Opportunities 2000-2001

American Academy of Neurology, Neuroendocrine Section2000-present

Biocontinuum Group (Provides Continuing Medical Education to Neurologists)2004-2009

Editorial Board, Behavioral Pharmacology 2010-present

Editorial Board, J Steroids & Hormonal Sci 2010-present Guest Editor, Special Issue, Physiology and Behavior, 50th Year of Estrogen Receptor 2008-2010

Guest Editor, Special Issue, Physiology and Behavior, Autism & Androgens 2008-2010

Editorial Board, Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 2008-present

Editorial Board, Brain Research2002-present

Editorial Board, Physiology & Behavior 2001-present

International Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior Conference, Advisory Board2003-2008

National Institute of Mental Health, IFCN-4 Study Section2003-2004

International Steroids & Nervous System Conference, Advisory Board 2002-present

National Institute of Health, Heart, Lung and Blood Study Section2001-2003

Research Experience for Undergraduate SUNY Summer Program, Co-Founder & Director2000-2004

North East Under/graduate Research Organization for Neuroscience, Founder & Director 1996-present

Ad hoc Grant Reviewer: (partial list)

Alzheimer’s Association, Burroughs-Welcome Trust, Epilepsy Foundation of America, Department of Veterans Affairs- Center for Integrated Healthcare, The National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel, Neurological Foundation of New Zealand, National Science Foundation and its equivalent agencies in Canada, France, and Switzerland

Ad hoc Reviewer of Publications: (partial list)

Archives of Medical Research, Behavioral Brain Research, Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Hormones & Behavior, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal of Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Psychopharmacology, Psychological Science, Journal of Andrology, Journal of Sexual Medicine, Steroids, Stress

GRANT SUPPORT-ACTIVE ($1,694,970)

“Progestins’ non-classical effects and mechanisms for social & mood processes”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $1,287,752

Dates of Project: 08/15/10-5/31/14 Annual Direct: $212,500

Agency: NIMH, Type: R01

To further understand the role and mechanisms of progestogens to enhance reproduction/social bonds, minimize aggression, influence affective aspects of social behaviors, and to mediate responses to stress.

“The role of membrane progestin receptors in progestin-facilitated lordosis”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $106,000

Dates of Project: 12/01/09-11/30/11 Annual Direct: $66,007

Agency: NSF, Type: EAGER

To investigate if knockdown or activation of mPRs in rat, and mouse models, alters motor, anxiety-like, or sexual behavior in rodents. This proposal will determine localization and function of different mPRs in the rodent brain.

"Is estrogen receptor β a target for beneficial effects of androgens in an animal model of andropause?"

P.I. Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $103,330

Dates of Proposed Project: 9/1/10-8/31/12 Annual Direct: $34,102

Agency: Karo Bio Type: Drug Contract

To investigate ERβ’s actions in an animal model of andropause and trophic effectson prostate tissues.

“A drug contract to investigate depression -ike behavior of a proprietary estrogen-like compound”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $39,900

Dates of Project: 09/01/10-08/31/11 Annual Direct: $25,000

Agency: Karo Bio Type: Drug Contract

To examine the effects of a proprietary estrogen -ike compounds to improve hormone replacement therapies.

“Northeast Under/graduate Research Organization for Neuroscience 2010-2011”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $10,000

Dates of Project: 4/1/11-3/31/12 Annual Direct: $10,000

Agency: NSF, Type: Conference

To support the 2009-2010 program for this conference oriented to enhanced training of neuroscientists.

“Neuroactive steroids and seizure control during pregnancy in women with epilepsy”

PI: Page Pennell, MD; Co-PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $51,740

Dates of Project: 7/1/09-6/30/11 Annual Direct: $14,776

Agency: Brigham and Women’s Hospital/NIH, Type: R03

The major goals of this project are to measure levels of progestogens in samples collected from pregnant women.

“Exploratory center on minority health and health disparities in smaller cities- Environmental contaminants and reproductive health of Akwesasne Mohawk women”

PI: Lawrence Schell, Ph.D.; Collaborator: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Annual: $96,248

Dates of Project: 4/1/09-3/31/14

Agency: NIH, Type: P20

The Exploratory Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities in Smaller Cities will support researchers from multiple disciplines to perform research with community partners to understand the multiple determinants of health disparities in smaller cities, and by working with community groups, it will test programs to reduce barriers, and improve utilization and health.

PRIOR EXTRAMURAL SUPPORT ($3,832,633)

“Progestins non-classical effects and mechanisms for social & mood processes”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $378,750

Dates of Project: 09/14/09-09/13/10 Annual Direct: $250,000

Agency: NIMH, Type: R56

To investigate progestin's functional effects and mechanisms through pregnane xenobiotic receptor in cycling and hormone-primed rats

"Is estrogen receptor β a target for beneficial effects of androgens in an animal model of andropause?"

P.I. Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $59,968

Dates of Proposed Project: 9/1/08-8/31/10 Annual Direct: $39,583

Agency: Karo Bio Type: Drug Contract

The main goal of this project is to investigate ERβ’s actions in andropause and the trophic effects of treatment on prostate tissues.

“A drug contract to investigate behavior and trophic effects of some of their proprietary estrogens that have actions at estrogen receptor β”

P.I. Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $69,985

Dates of Proposed Project: 3/1/08-12/31/10 Annual Direct: $43,850

Agency: Karo Bio Type: Drug Contract

This project is for drug development to establish more effective hormone replacement strategies.

“Northeast Under/graduate Research Organization for Neuroscience 2009-2010”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $9,000

Dates of Project: 11/1/09-10/31/10 Annual Direct: $9,000

Agency: NSF, Type: Conference

To support the 2009-2010 program for this student/faculty conference for enhanced training of neuroscientists.

“A conference grant to support the International Conference on Steroids & The Nervous System”

P.I.: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Direct: $14,000

Period: 2/1/09-1/31/10 Annual Direct: $14,000

Agency: NSF, Type:Conference Grant

This is to support an international conference and to enhance training of neuroendocrinologists at the venue.

“Progestins’ non-genomic actions for sex behavior”

P.I.: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $1,146,075

Period: 6/1/04-09/14/09 Annual Direct: ~$150,000

Agency: NIMH, Type: R01

To delineate mechanisms, sources, and effects of progestins underlying appetitive aspects of mating behavior in rats.

“Conversation in the Capital District”

P.I.: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Direct: $80,000

Period: 6/1/08-5/31/10 Annual Direct: $80,000

Agency: Various

This is to support the Conversation in the Capital District Conference October 23-24, Albany, NY and publication of a special issue in Physiology & Behavior about this meeting.

“The role of progestins for socio-sexual behavior of mice”

PI/Mentor Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $59,069

Period: 5/31/08-9/14/09 Annual Direct: $59,069

Trainee: Carolyn J. Koonce, B.A.

Agency: NIMH Type:Post-baccalaureate supplement

This purpose of this project was to investigate progestins role in socio-sexual behavior of mice.

“Mechanisms of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators to reduce anxiety and depression behavior, without proliferative effects, in a menopausal model”

PI/Mentorr: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $90,000

Dates of Project: 6/1/06-5/31/10 Annual Direct: $27,000

Trainee: Alicia Walf

Agency: DOD, BCRP, Type:Pre-doctoral Grant

Goals are to investigate estrogen’s mechanisms to mediate affect concomitant with effects on cell proliferation in breast and uterine tissues in female rodents.

“Northeast Under/Grad Research Organization for Neuroscience”

P.I. Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $102,309

Period: 4/1/06-3/31/10 Annual Direct: $34,103

Agency: NIH, Type:Conference Grant

This project is to support a student/faculty conference oriented to enhancing training of neuroscientists.

“Increasing U.S. Participation in 5th Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior Conference”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $10,000

Period: 4/1/04-3/31/05 Annual Direct: $10,000

Agency: NSF, Type: Conference Grant

The goal of this funding was to provide pedagogical resources and tangible support for senior investigators and trainees from the U.S.

“Non-genomic actions of progestins in the VTA for lordosis”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $370,000

Period: 9/1/03-8/31/08 Annual Direct: $80,000

Agency: NSF

Investigates progestins’ actions, via signal transduction pathways, to mediate consummatory aspects of mating, lordosis, of female rodents

“Effects and mechanisms of progestins' modulation of seizure activity”

PI/Mentor: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $16,000

Period: 7/01/03-6/30/04 Annual Direct: $16,000

Trainee: Madeline E. Rhodes

Agency: Epilepsy Foundation of America, Type: Ph.D. Fellowship

The major goal of this project was to investigate progestins’ mechanisms in the hippocampus to mediate ictal activity in a rodent model.

“Actions of estrogen in the nucleus accumbens for conditioning”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $30,000

Period: 6/1/03-5/31/04 Annual Direct: $30,000

Agency: Lilly Centre for Women’s Health, Type: Grant in support of women’s research

The major goals of this project are to investigate estrogens' effects on conditioning and mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens.

“Increasing U.S. Participation- International Conference on Steroids and Brain”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $15,000

Period: 3/1/03-2/29/04 Annual Direct: $15,000

Agency: NSF, Type: Conference Grant

The goal of this funding was to provide pedagogical resources and tangible support for senior investigators and trainees from the U.S.

“A summer program in neuroscience at SUNY-Albany”

PI: Gregory Lnenicka, Ph.D., co-PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $304,200

Period: 4/1/01-3/31/04 Annual Direct: $90,000

Agency: NSF, Type: REU

The major goal of this project was to provide undergraduates neuroscience research experience with a SUNY-Albany faculty member.

“Effects of PDE Inhibitors in an animal model of female sexual dysfunction”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costst: $50,000

Period: 1/1/00-1/1/01 Annual Direct: $50,000

Agency: Eli Lilly, Inc.,Type: Contract

Screened potential therapeutics to determine effects on female sexual responsiveness in hamsters. This contact was an essential part of the development and/or approval of the drug Cialis.

“NEURON: North East Under/graduate Research Organization for Neuroscience”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Costs: $86,274

Period: 9/1/99-8/31/04 Annual Direct: $17,250

Agency: NIMH, Type: R13

The major goals of this project were to support a student/faculty conference oriented to enhanced training of neuroscientists.

“Neurosteroids effects on sexual receptivity”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $539,003

Period: 2/1/96-8/31/03 Annual Direct: $539,003

Agency: NSF,Type: CAREER Grant

Investigated actions of progestins via GABAA receptors to mediate lordosis of female rodents.

“Neurosteroids’ role in cognitive, affective, & neurodegenerative disorders"

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $90,000

Period: 6/1/96-5/31/00 Annual Direct: $90,000

Agency: Whitehall Foundation, Type: Grant-in-Aid

Investigated neurosteroids role in cognitive and affective behavior and neurodegenerative disorders.

“Neurosteroids’ role in epilepsy”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye Total Cost: $180,000

Period: 6/1/96-8/31/00 Annual Direct: $180,000

Agency: Donaghue Fdn , Type: Young Investigator Award

Examined progestins' effects on ictal activity in animal models of catamenial epilepsy.

“Progestins’ actions in the VTA for lordosis”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D. Total Cost: $25,000

Period: 2/1/96-1/31/97 Annual Direct: $25,000

Agency: NIMH, Type: B-START

Although funded, declined award to pursue CAREER grant, which had overlapping research aims.

“Androgens’ actions for inhibiting sexual receptivity”

PI/Mentor: Mary S. Erskine, Ph.D. Total Cost: $83,000

Period: 1/1/93-8/31/95 Annual Direct: $83,000

Trainee: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D.

Agency: NIMH,Type: F32

Examined effects and mechanisms of androgenic neurosteroids to inhibit sexual receptivity in rodents.

“Neurosteroids’ role in affect and cognition”

PI: Cheryl A. Frye, Ph.D Total Cost: $25,000

Period: 5/1/93-4/30/94 Annual Direct: $25,000

Agency: NSF, Type: Research Planning Grant

A grant to investigate how neurosteroids alter cognition, affective and feeding and pain processes.

INTRAMURAL SUPPORT ($459,300)
SOURCE / TYPE / TIME / FUNDS
SUNY-Albany / Contraceptives Awareness Support / Spring 2010 / $650
SUNY-Albany / Brain Awareness Week Support / Spring 2010 / $650
Research Foundation / Conference Support Award- CID / Spring 2009 / $1500
Research Foundation / Conference Support Award- CID / Spring 2009 / $1500
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Research Award Program- B / Spring 2009 / $3000
SUNY-Albany / Brain Awareness Week Support / Spring 2009 / $750
Research Foundation / Conversation in the Discipline / Fall 2008 / $1000
SUNY-Albany / Conversation in the Discipline / Fall 2008 / $5000
SUNY-UAS / Conversation in the Discipline / Fall 2008 / $1000
SUNY-Albany / Conversation in the Discipline / Fall 2008 / $5000
SUNY-Albany / Symposium Support / Spring 2008 / $500
SUNY-Albany / Brain Awareness Week Support / Spring 2008 / $1,500
SUNY-Albany / Conference Support Grant / Spring 2008 / $1,500
SUNY-Albany / McNair Minority Student Support / Summer 2004 / $3,000
SUNY-Albany / Research Incentive Award / Summer 2004 / $5,000
SUNY-Albany / Conference Support Grant / Spring 2004 / $700
SUNY-Albany / Affirmative Action Grant / Summer 2003 / $250
SUNY-Albany / Research Incentive Award / Summer 2003 / $5,000
SUNY-Albany / Affirmative Action Grant / Summer 2002 / $700
SUNY-Albany / McNair Minority Student Support / Summer 2002 / $1,000
SUNY-Albany / McNair Minority Student Support / Summer 2001 / $1,000
SUNY-Albany / STAR Undergrad Research Grant / October 2001 / $1,000
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Research Award Program / February 2001 / $10,000
SUNY-Albany / Professional development Award / January 2001 / $800
SUNY-Albany / Professional development Award / May 1999 / $1,000
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Research Award Program / December 1998 / $10,000
SUNY-Albany / Start-up Funds / September 1998 / $77,000
Connecticut College / Pfizer Foundation / 1995-1998 / $200,000
Connecticut College / Johnson Fund / 1995-1998 / $4,300
Connecticut College / Start-up Funds / September 1995 / $100,000
Bates College / Howard Hughes Research Program / Summer 1993 / $3,500
Bates College / Schmutz Grant for Faculty Research / December 1992 / $5,000
Bates College / Start-Up Funds for 1 year Appointment / September 1992 / $5,000
Tufts University / Dissertation Research Grant / February 1991 / $1,500
SMALL GRANTS ($113,850)
SOURCE / TYPE / TIME / FUNDS
Amerisciences / Research Trainee Support / Fall 2008 / $4,500
Elsevier / Support for Conversation in the Discipline / Summer 2008 / $61,000
Amerisciences / Summer Research Fellowship for Jon Freidman / Summer 2008 / $2,000
NIH / Microarray Consortium / Spring 2008-2009 / $6,000
NIH / Microarray Consortium / Spring 2008-2009 / $6,000
NIH / Microarray Consortium / Spring 2008-2009 / $6,000
NIH / Microarray Consortium / Summer 2007-2008 / $6,000
NIH / Microarray Consortium / January 2008 / $11,150
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care / NEURON mentoring project / Fall 2007-2008 / $500
NIH / Microarray Consortium / January 2007 / $3150
Epilepsy F’dation / Summer Fellowship / April 2000 / $2,000
Endocrine Society / Summer Fellowship / April 1999 / $2,500
Parkinsons F’dation / Summer Fellowship / February 2001 / $900
Sigma Xi / Grant-in-Aid / March 1991 / $750
Sigma Xi / Grant-in-Aid / August 1990 / $800
Sigma Xi / Grant-in-Aid / March 1989 / $600
TRAVEL GRANTS ($13,250)
SOURCE / TYPE / TIME / FUNDS
SUNY-Albany / Travel Grant / Spring 2009 / $500
SUNY-Albany / Travel Grant / Spring 2008 / $1,500
NIAAA / Travel Grant / September 2006 / $1,500
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Travel Award / January 2006 / $900
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Travel Award / February 2003 / $900
ACNP / Young Investigator Fellowship / January 2002 / $2,000
Neurobio Epilepsy / Young Investigator Fellowship / May 2001 / $1,500
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Travel Award / February 2001 / $900
SUNY-Albany / Faculty Travel Award / May 2000 / $850
WCBR / Post-Doc Travel Award / January 1994 / $1,500
Workshop Steroids / Post-Doc Travel Award / March 1993 / $1,200

REFEREED-PUBLICATIONS

240. Frye, C.A., Paris, J.J. (2011). Progesterone turnover to its 5α-reduced metabolites in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain is essential for initiating social and affective behavior and progesterone metabolism in female rats. J Endocrin Invest. (in press).

239. Paris, J.J., Frye, C.A. (2011). Gestational exposure to variable stressors produces decrements in cognitive and neural development of juvenile male and female rats. Curr Top Med Chem (in press).

238. Frye, C.A., Rhodes, M.E. (2011) Fluoxetine-induced decrements in sexual responses of female rats and hamsters are reversed by 3,5-THP. Journal of Sexual Medicine (in press).

237. Walf, A.A., Paris, J.J., Rhodes, M.E., Simpkins, J.W., Frye, C.A. (2011). Divergent mechanisms for trophic actions of estrogens in the brain and peripheral tissues. Brain Research, 1379: 119-36.

236. Frye, C.A., Hirst, J.J., Brunton, P.J., Russell, J.A. (2011). Neurosteroids for a successful pregnancy. Stress, 14: 1-5.

235. Walf A.A., Paris, J.J., Llaneza, D.C., Frye, C.A. (2011). I. Levels of 5α-reduced progesterone metabolite in the midbrain account for variability in reproductive behavior of middle-aged female rats. Brain Research 1379:137-48.

234. Paris J.J., Walf, A.A., & Frye, C.A. (2011). II. Cognitive performance of middle-aged female rats is influenced by capacity to metabolize progesterone in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Research; 1379:149-63.

233. McFadden, L. M., Paris, J.J., Mitzelfelt, M.S., McDonough, S., Frye, C.A., Matuszewich, L. (2011) Sex-dependent persistent effects of chronic unpredictable stress in the water maze. Physiol Behav. 102; 266-75.

232. Frye, C.A. (2011). Progesterone reduces depressive behavior of young ovariectomized, aged progestin receptor knockout, and aged wild type mice in the tail suspension test. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25: 421-8.

231. Frye, C.A., Paris J.J. (2011). Effects of neurosteroid actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate and GABAAreceptors in the midbrain ventral tegmental area influence engagement in natural reward and motivation to explore among ovariectomized/adrenalectomized female rats. Psychopharmacology, 213: 93-103.