UNIT TWO EXAM: CLASSICAL ERA 2011 Exam # ___ 1. in an Effort to Alleviate Social Tensions

UNIT TWO EXAM: CLASSICAL ERA 2011 :: Exam # ___
1. In an effort to alleviate social tensions the __ were allowed to elect two and then later ten tribunes.
a) plebians
b) slaves
c) patricians
d) consuls

2. The Roman policy towards conquered peoples was:
a) centered around the policy of forced conversion to the Roman Religion
b) generous with the potential for citizenship
c) cruel and despotic
d) to enslave them all

3. The turning point in Roman history was their struggle in the __ Wars with the __:
a) Phoenician Wars / Phoenicians
b) Punic Wars / Carthaginians
c) Persian Wars / Persians
d) Gracchi Wars / Greeks.

4. Which of the following is an accurate example of Hellenism?
A- the adoption of gothic architecture in India
B- Constructing buildings and monuments in stone in southwest Asia
C-Translation of philosophical and scientific texts into Latin
D- The spread of monotheism through central Eurasia and the Far East
E- The expansion of international trade into northern Africa and western Mediterranean lands.

5. Athenian democracy was:
A- Limited to males whose parents had both been citizens.
B- Allowed married couples including women to vote
C- Permitted all residents who swore an oath to vote.
D- Distrusted elitism and special interest groups.
E- Created elected representatives to speak and vote for constituents.

6. Geography influenced Greek development because
A- It made the area indefensible and open to periodic invasions.
B- Large states formed easily around rich river valleys.
C- Rivers formed natural avenues for trade and communication.
D- Greece is rich in natural resources and had little need for trade.
E- Each valley and island developed its own political traditions and states.

7. The basis of all economies during the Classical period was

International trade
Agriculture and landowning
Interregional barter
Craft Specialization in local economies

8. In contrast to Athens, Sparta
A. Instituted direct democracy.
B. Permitted slavery.
C. Relied on agriculture and extensive slave labor.
D. Readily accepted new ideas and supported the arts.
E. Encouraged trade.

9. The political world of the ancient Greeks:
a) achieve unification under Pericles
b) was a history of early, long-lasting centralized government
c) stabilized after the conquest by Persia
d) usually consisted of independent, autonomous city-states

10. The Greek play-write that created Antigone was

a)Pericles

b)Socrates

c)Plato

d)Sophocles

11. The Spartans were constantly afraid of the prospect of an uprising by serfs known as:
a) helots
b) poleis
c) Minoans
d) Athenians

12. Under the leadership of ___ Athens became the most sophisticated of the poleis.
a) Solon
b) Cleisthenes
c) Pericles
d) Pisistratus

13. In which polis did women have the most freedom?
a) Sparta
b) Corinth
c) Athens
d) Thebes

14. The words, “The unexamined life is not worth living,” were spoken by:
a) Socrates
b) Aristotle
c) Pericles
d) Sophocles
e) Locke

15. In The Republic Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be:
a) the descendants of Socrates
b) the electorate through a democratic framework
c) the Spartans because of their emphasis on character and control
d) philosopher kings

16. The most distinctive feature of classical Greek culture was the effort to construct a consistent system of philosophy based purely on __:
a) the will of the gods
b) human reason
c) passion
d) prophetic visions

17. The Warring States period in China happened during the ______Dynasty.

Xi
Shang
Zhou
Qin
Han

18. In comparing the Han Dynasty with the Roman Empire, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

a) Both the Han Dynasty’s and Roman Empire’s economies suffered as a result of military spending.
b) While Rome was successful at spreading its culture across a wide area, the Han were unable to diffuse their culture to neighboring lands.
c)While both societies were run by centralized governments, Rome gave significant autonomy to local officials.
d) While the Chinese were able to re-establish their imperial empire, Rome was never restored to its former status.
e) A by-product of military expansion in both societies was cultural diffusion and increased trade

19. It is ironic that Rome persecuted the Christians because
A. Roman law and governmental policies practiced religious toleration.
B. Roman emperors were Christians.
C. Christians regularly paid their taxes and worshipped the emperors.
D. The doctrine of Christianity closely resembled many Roman philosophies and religious practices.
E. Christians formed the backbone of their legions

20. Christianity spread in the Roman empire for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. It was tolerant towards other religions and faiths.
B. Appealed to the poor.
C. Offered hope and rewards after death for slaves and dispossessed farmers.
D. Was more emotional than tradition Roman values and ethics.
E. Attracted many leading Roman citizens.

21. Although they varied greatly in wealth and social status in China.
A. The commoners, especially the peasants remained the largest group.
B. The shi or literate elites cooperated to limit the influence of the ruler.
C. Aristocrats owned most of the land.
D. Women had many legal rights and protections.
E. Urban artisans and merchants dominated Chinese society.

22. Chinese women in the Classical Age
A. Were free to choose the men they would marry.
B. Could become scholar-gentry provided they passed the state exams.
C. At all class levels were legally subordinated to fathers and husbands.
D. Dominated the intellectual and artistic activities of China.
E. Varied greatly in status, influence, and rights.

23. According to Confucius the most important aspect of the role of the scholar-gentry was
A. To maintain harmony among the social classes by administering the state and advising the ruler wisely.
B. Enforce laws strictly.
C. To lead a life of strict meditation and study.
D. To educate the sons of the upper class who would become the new scholar-gentry
E. To ensure that China remained isolated from non-Confucian teachings by censoring all communications from outside China.

24. In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that
A –Society would find peace through small village life
B - Salvation could be attained by prayer, meditation, and good deeds
C- Individual goals should be placed ahead of the needs of the group
D- Harmony could be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of the family or society.
E- People are fundamentally evil and need to be led by a strong central government.

25. Confucian social relationships
A. Establish a hierarchy but insist in reciprocal duties between peoples.
B. Taught its practitioners to seek inner harmony with the natural way.
C. Used rewards for correct behavior and punishments for transgressions.
D. Were based on universal love and forgiveness.
E. Stressed the welfare and the interests of the state.

26. Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism
A. Were officially sanctioned doctrines of the Chin and Han emperors.
B. Are religions which developed in classical China.
C. Emphasized the needs of the individual over the welfare of the state.
D. Had little influence upon China and Chinese society until the late 900s C.E.
E. Originated as responses to societal problems during times of disruption in the warring states period

27. In the Zhou dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven meant that rulers
a. Had an absolute right to rule over the governed as they wished
b. Were appointed by Buddhist leaders
c. Were allowed to keep their power if they ruled justly and wisely
d. Were encouraged to spread Buddhism through the building of monasteries
e. Were the direct descendants of the gods

28. The Chinese explained rebellions, civil wars, and invasions as
A. The ruler’s loss of the Mandate of Heaven.
B. The whims of the gods, who played tricks on humans.
C. The failure of the people to respect authority.
D. A decline in the role of the family and ancestor worship.
E. Repercussions for the interference of women in government.

29. The first ruler to unify India was
A. Cyrus the Great
B. AshokaMaurya
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Harsha

30. The high point of Mauryan success would come during the reign of the Buddhist ruler:
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Chandra Gupta II
C. Kautalya
D. Ashoka

31. The creator of Buddhism was

a. Confucius

b. Siddhartha Gautama

c. Lao Zu

d. Ashoka

e. Kaitilya

32. The year 320 BCE saw the creation of the Gupta dynasty by:
a) Chandragupta Maurya
b) Harsha
c) Samudra Gupta
d) Chandra Gupta

33. The eventual collapse of the Gupta state was partially caused by an invasion by the:
a) Persians
b) White Huns
c) Chinese
d) Romans

34. The foundation of ancient Indian civilization is best described by all of the following EXCEPT
A.) Reincarnation
B.) The Dao
C.)Caste
D.) Karma
E.) Hinduism

35. All of these groups in India would have welcomed Ashoka’s official patronage of Buddhism EXCEPT:
A. Merchants.
B. Brahman priests.
C. Artisans.
D. Outcastes.
E. Women.

36. A major difference between the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism is
a. Belief in Nirvana
b. The cycle of rebirth and caste
c. The principle of nonviolence
d. Belief in karma
e. Belief in dharma

37. The Four Noble Truths are associated with
A.) Buddhism
B.) Confucianism
C.) Legalism
D.) Judaism
E.) Islam

38. A major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism was
A. Buddhism denied the need for caste, rites, and sacrifice to achieve nirvana.
B. Hinduism was monotheistic and Buddhism was polytheistic.
C. Buddhism denied rebirth, reincarnation and emphasized the importance of the read world.
D. Hinduism supported the ruling castes, whereas Buddhism encouraged its followers to renounce the political world.
E. Hinduism taught respect for all living things and prohibited killing.

39. The highest Hindu caste in India was the
A. Shudras (workers)
B. Vaisayas (merchants, herders)
C. Kshatriya (warriors, rulers)
D. Brahmans (priests, scholars)
E. Dasas or the Dravidian peoples.

40. In the Hindu BhagavadGita, Prince Arjuna questions his caste dharma. In his next incarnation, Arjuna
A. Would likely become a Brahman.
B. Could expect to be punished for his sins and be denied paradise.
C. Might be reincarnated again as a warrior.
D. Would be denied rebirth.
E. Incurred karma and will suffer more rebirths for doubting his dharma.

41. The war between Sparta and Athens that resulted from the misspending by the Delian League was called

The Persian Wars
The Punic Wars
The Peloponnesian Wars
The Ionian Revolts

42. The Buddha believed that salvation came from:
a) intense meditation
b) extreme asceticism
c) leading a balanced and moderate life
d) active hedonism

43. The Chinese emperor that completed the Great Wall, dug a canal from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River, and built 10,000 terra cotta warriors was

Lao Zu
Shi Huangdi
Kong Fu-zi
Jackie Chan

44. The founder of Jainism was:
a) VardhamanaMahavira
b) Siddharta Gautama
c) AshokaMaurya
d) Kautalya

45. The official religion of the Persian Empire was

Jainism
Buddhism
Zoroastrianism
Christianity
Islam

46. After the Peloponnesian War, the Macedonians took control of Greece and spread Greek culture throughout much of the known world under the leadership of
a. Alexander the Great
b. Julius Caesar
c. Hannibal
d. Pericles
e. Socrates

47. The Persian King ___ viewed the naval loss at Salamis.
a) Xerxes
b) Cyrus
c) Darius
d) Cambyses

48. The Persian Empire was divided into a number of provinces called

City-states
Legions
Satrapies
Legations
Kingdoms

49. Which of the following basic tenets of Zoroastrianism did NOT influence later religions?
a) the belief in heaven and hell
b) the encouragement of high moral standards
c) the view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored

d)the belief in an apocalyptic battle at the end of time

50. The words “good words, good thoughts, good deeds” were used to sum up the view of morality of the:
a) Jews
b) Zoroastrians
c) Hindus
d) Hindus
d) Buddhists

51. The decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the Persians was:
A- Gaugamela
B- Marathon
C- Persepolis
D- Issus

52. The Persian legal code was designed to:
A- codify the laws of the subject peoples
B- abolish the laws of individual lands
C- impose a uniform code on the entire empire
D- terrify the subject tribes of the empire into submission

53. Darius picked up the idea of a standardized government-issued coinage from the:
A- Babylonians
B- Egyptians
C- Lydians
D- Chinese

54. Which of the following empires normally displayed the greatest degree of toleration towards it subjects?
A- Assyrian
B- Greek
C- Egyptian
D- Achaemenid (Persian)

55. In regards to the level of toleration and respect for conquered parts of the empire the Romans were most similar to the:
A- Assyrians
B- Greeks
C- Persians
D- Chinese under Qin Shihuangdi

Directions: Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.

A. Hyksos

B. Legalism
C. Confucianism
D. Persia

E. Daoism

______56. Which group of nomads invaded Egypt in chariots and ruled Egypt for about 70 years?

______57. Which Chinese philosophy stressed that social order, harmony, and good government could be restored by organizing society around five basic relationships?

______58. Which empire was ruled by Cyrus, who was famous for his kind treatment of the peoples he conquered?

______59. Which philosophy was the Qin ruler Shi Huangdi following when he burned “useless” books, created forced labor, and murdered hundreds of scholars?

______60.. Which Chinese philosophy stresses the importance of the natural world and returning to nature in order to be in harmony with the universe?

The next ten questions 61-70, please utilize the map on the last page to label the following questions: Choose the correct map location for each number.

61.

A. Delos

B. Xianyang

C. Macedonia

D. Rome

62.

Guagamela
Athens
Constantinople
Jerusalem

63.

A. Mediterranean

B. Black Sea

C. Hellespont

D. Caspian Sea

64.

Rome
Athens
Jerusalem
Carthage

65.

A. Rome

B. Athens

C. Jerusalem

D. Marathon

66.

Sea of Japan
Luoyang
Pella
Etruria

Bonus Questions
67. When is Mr. D Jensen’s anniversary?

August 5
October 20
January 15
May 5

68. Name one of Chelsey’s addictions

Cheeseburger
Gum
Flavored Tofu
Driving over 200 miles per hour

69. Is Mr. Jensen really afraid of penguins?

A. Yes

B. No

70. Who is better looking?

Brad Pitt
David Jensen
Justin Beaver
Cory Jensen

Short Answer Questions: Please use a separate sheet of notebook paper to thoroughly answer in 2-4 sentences, the following questions: (Choose One)

1. Please compare and contrast the decline and fall of three of the seven civilizations we studied in the Classical Era. Give the causes of collapse for each civilization and then analyze their similarities and differences.

2. Why were religions like Christianity and Juaism such a perceived threat to the Roman State religion?

3. Analyze and discuss the differences between Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. You will first have to describe the principles of each before you describe their differences.