Unit I: chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 19
Chapter I: history
Domains
Archae
Bacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Algae
Protozoa
Slime molds
Water molds
Fungi
Viruses
History of Microbiology
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhock
Spontaneous Generation
Francesco Redi
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Louis Pasteur
John Tyndall
Ferdinand Cohn
Joseph Lister:
Antiseptic surgery:
Koch’s Postulates:
Growth in pure culture
Fannie Eilshemius Hesse
Vaccination:
Pasteur
Chemotherapy:
Chapter 3: prokaryote cell
Shape:
Cocci & diplococcic
Rod
Vibrios
Spirilla
Spirochetes
Pleomorphic
Arrangement
Single:
Strepto:
Staphylo:
Plasma membrane:
Amphipathic:
Phospholipid structure:
Hapanoid:
Archaeal membrane:
Protein:
peripheral
integral
Internal structures:
Cytoskeleton:
Tubulin: (FtsZ)
Actin: (MreB)
Crescentin:
Inclusion bodies:
Region of organic granules:
Region of inorganic granules:
Cyanobacteria:
Gas vacuole:
Ribosome:
Nucleoid:
Chromosome:
Plasmid:
Episome:
Plasmid types
F factor:
R factor:
Col plasmids:
Virulence plasmids:
Metabolic plasmids:
Cell Wall:
Peptidoglycan:
Fig 3.18 NAM:
NAG:
Peptidoglycan subunit:
Peptide interbridge:
Cell envelope:
Periplasmic space:
G+: cell
G-:
Gram-positive:
Fig 3.23 Teichoic acids:
Lipoteichoic acid:
Gram-negative:
Fig 3.25 Lipopolysaccharide:
*Lipid A:
*Core polysaccharide:
*O side chain:
Porin protein:
Osmosis:
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Lysis & plasmolysis
Protoplast:
Spheroplast:
Lysozyme:
Penecillin:
Protein Secretion
Sec-Dependent pathway:
Fig3.33 Preprotein:
SecB:
SedA:
SecYEG:
Protein secretion in G- bacteria
Type I protein secretion pathway:
Type II protein secretion pathway:
Tat pathway:
Type III proteins secretion pathway:
Type IV protein secretion pathway:
Type V protein secretion pathway:
External Structures
Glycocalyx:
Capsule:
Slime layer:
S-layer:
G-
G+
Fimbriae:
Pili: (Sex pili)
Flagella:
Arrangement:
Monotrichous:
Amphitrihchous:
Lophotrichous:
Peritrichous:
Fig 3.40 Structure:
Flagellar filament:
Flagellar hook:
Basal body:
G-: L-ring
P-ring
M-ring
Central rod:
G+:
Flagellar movement:
run:
tumble:
Fig 3.42 G-:
G+:
Axial filament:
Taxis
Chemotaxis:
Thermotaxis:
Phototaxis:
Aerotaxis:
Osmotaxis:
Structure for survival
Endospore:
Sporangium:
Structure:
Exosporangium:
Spore coat:
Cortex:
Spore core:
Spore cell wall:
Sporogenesis/sporulation:
Endospore germination:
Activation:
Germination:
Outgrowth:
Chapter 4: Eukaryotic cell
Simple comparison:
Organelles:
Plasma membrane:
Structure:
Prokaryote:
Lipid raft:
Cytoplasmic matrix:
Cytoskeleton:
Microfilament:
Microtubule:
Intermediate filament:
Membrane cycling:
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Golgi apparatus: (Golgi complex, Golgi body)
Lysosome:
Residual body:
Biosynthetic-Secretory Pathway
(figure 4.9)
Endocytic Pathway
Endocytosis:
Phagocytosis:
Phagosome:
Receptor-mediated:
Coated vesicle:
Caveolae-mediated:
Caveolar vesicle:
Phagocytosis:
Caveolae-meadiated endocytosis:
Autophagy:
Mitochondria:
Respiration:
Chloroplast:
Photosynthesis:
Thylakoid:
Granna:
Stroma:
Pyranoid:
Nucleus:
Structure:
Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope):
Nuclear pores:
Chromatin:
Euchromatin: loosely
Heterochromatin:
Nucleolus:
nucleolar organizer:
mitosis & meiosis:
Cell cycle:
Interphase:
M period:
Cytokinesis:
Mitosis:
Prophase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telophase:
Cytokinesis:
Meiosis:
Meiosis I:
Prophase I:
Anaphase I:
Meiosis II:
Cell Wall:
Plant:
Fungi:
Protists:
Cilia & flagella:
Axoneme: Fig 4.23
Basal body:
Chapter 2: microscopy
Refraction:
Refractive index:
Focal point: Fig 2.2
Focal length:
Light microscope: Fig 3.1 from Totora
Ocular:
Parfocal:
Abbe’ condenser: substage condenser
Diaphragm:
Coarse focus:
Fine focus:
Resolution:
Formula:
Minimal distance (d)
Depends on:
numerical aperture:
n sin q
Fig 2.5 Numerical aperture: n sin q (NA)
n =
q =
Immersion oil:
Working distance:
Staining:
Fix:
Heat fixing:
Chemical:
Basic dye:
Acidic dye:
Simple stain:
Negative stain:
Differential stain:
Gram stain:
Primary stain:
Mordant:
Secondary stain:
Rinses:
Acid fast stain:
Mycolic acid:
Primary stain:
Secondary stain:
Rinse:
Spore stain:
Primary stain:
Secondary stain:
Rise:
Capsule stain:
Primary stain:
Flagella stain:
Mordant:
Stain:
Chapter 19: Taxonomy & Diversity
Taxonomic ranks:
Species:
Prokaryotic species:
Strain:
Type strain:
Biovar:
Morphovar:
Serovar:
Genus:
Classical characteristics:
Morphological characteristic:
Physiological characteristic:
Ecological characteristic:
Genetic characteristic:
Molecular characteristics:
Nucleotide composition:
Nucleic acid hybridization:
Nucleic acid sequence:
Genomic fingerprinting:
Amino acid sequence: Fig 19.12
Major domains of life:
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: